汶川M_S8.0地震绵竹县汉旺镇周边地表破裂带展布方式及其震害意义
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摘要
2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震的震中烈度为Ⅺ度,但位于地震烈度为Ⅹ度区边缘的绵竹县汉旺镇,无论是房屋毁坏情况还是遇难和失踪人员的数目,均高出周边地震烈度Ⅰ度,接近极震区的破坏程度。文中从汉旺镇周边地表地震破裂带展布方式的角度讨论了这种震害加重现象的原因,介绍了位于汉旺镇北面和南面出现的2条相距1.5km呈左阶斜列展布的地表破裂带。其中,位于汉旺镇北侧的地表破裂带,垂直位移1.4m,水平右旋位移0.44m;位于汉旺镇南侧的地表破裂带,垂直位移量由西向东递减,为3.0～0.2m。尽管这2条地表破裂带没有从汉旺镇中心通过,但汉旺镇正位于这2条地表破裂带夹持的左阶阶区,致使阶区内建筑物除遭受来自震源的振动外,又受到阶区内的挤压,由此加重了汉旺镇建筑物的破坏,也显示出地表破裂带对建筑物破坏形式的多样性。汉旺镇汶川MS8.0地震震害实例表明,地表破裂带的阶区,也是遭受地震时破坏加重的特殊构造部位。
The epicenter intensity of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12th May 2008 is Ⅺ.Hanwang town,Mianzhu county,Sichuan Province,located on the edge of seismic intensity Ⅹ zone,suffered the seismic intensity one degree higher than the surroundings,in the respects of both the houses damaged or the number of victims and missing persons,as close to the destruction in meizoseismal region.In this paper,the distribution pattern of the earthquake surface rupture zone around Hanwang town is discussed,focusing on the causes for the aggravation of seismic damage.The paper introduces two left-step en echelon surface rupture zones,which are 1.5km apart,located at the north and south of Hanwang town.The one on the north of Hanwang town has a vertical displacement of 1.4m and horizontal dextral displacement 0.44m,respectively.The other on the south of Hanwang town has a vertical displacement of 3.0～0.2m,descending from west to east.Although the two surface rupture zones did not pass through the center of the town,since Hanwang town is located right in the sinistral stepover clamped by the two surface rupture zones,the buildings in the stepover were subject not only to the vibration from the seismic source but also the compression inside the stepover,thus aggravating the damage of the buildings in Hanwang town.This also shows the diversity of building damage by the surface rupture zone.The seismic damage of Wenchuan earthquake around Hanwang town shows that the stepover of the surface rupture zone is also the special structural part subject to aggravated damage in earthquake.
The epicenter intensity of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12th May 2008 is Ⅺ.Hanwang town,Mianzhu county,Sichuan Province,located on the edge of seismic intensity Ⅹ zone,suffered the seismic intensity one degree higher than the surroundings,in the respects of both the houses damaged or the number of victims and missing persons,as close to the destruction in meizoseismal region.In this paper,the distribution pattern of the earthquake surface rupture zone around Hanwang town is discussed,focusing on the causes for the aggravation of seismic damage.The paper introduces two left-step en echelon surface rupture zones,which are 1.5km apart,located at the north and south of Hanwang town.The one on the north of Hanwang town has a vertical displacement of 1.4m and horizontal dextral displacement 0.44m,respectively.The other on the south of Hanwang town has a vertical displacement of 3.0～0.2m,descending from west to east.Although the two surface rupture zones did not pass through the center of the town,since Hanwang town is located right in the sinistral stepover clamped by the two surface rupture zones,the buildings in the stepover were subject not only to the vibration from the seismic source but also the compression inside the stepover,thus aggravating the damage of the buildings in Hanwang town.This also shows the diversity of building damage by the surface rupture zone.The seismic damage of Wenchuan earthquake around Hanwang town shows that the stepover of the surface rupture zone is also the special structural part subject to aggravated damage in earthquake.
引文
[1]中国文明网,汉旺镇5.12汶川大地震遇难者陵墓即将建成,http://www.wenming.cn.2009.7.3.
[2]中国旅游联盟网,绵竹汉旺镇地震遗址,http://www.touruion.com.2009.6.28.
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周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成,等.2009.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点[A].见:宋胜武主编.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社.181—192.ZHOU Rong-jun,HUANG Run-qiu,LEI Jian-cheng,et al.2009.Ground surface rupture and seismic damage featureduring theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake occurring in Sichuan Province[A].In:SONG Sheng-wu(ed).Analysisand Investigation on Seismic Damages of Projects Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Science Press,Bei-jing.181—192(in Chinese).
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[2]中国旅游联盟网,绵竹汉旺镇地震遗址,http://www.touruion.com.2009.6.28.
[1]四川灾后重建网,废墟上的坚挺脊梁,http://zhcj.newssc.org,2009.7.3.
黄竞跃,冯学敏.2009.汶川地震四个典型重灾区灾情简介[A].见:宋胜武主编.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社.1153—1155.HUANG Jing-yue,FENG Xue-min.2009.Brief description on disaster conditions of four typical severely affected areasduring Wenchuan earthquake[A].In:SONG Sheng-wu(ed).Analysis and Investigation on Seismic Damages ofProjects Subjected to Wenchuan earthquake.Science Press,Beijing.1153—1155(in Chinese).
嵇少丞,王茜,孙圣思,等.2008.亚洲大陆逃逸构造与现今中国地震活动[J].地质学报,82(12):1644—1667.JI Shao-cheng,WANG Qian,SUN Sheng-si,et al.2008.Continental extrusion and seismicity in China[J].Acta Geo-logica Sinica,82(12):1644—1667(in Chinese).
李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L,等.2009.龙门山小鱼洞断裂在汶川地震中的地表破裂及地质意义[J].第四纪研究,29(3):502—512.LI Yong,HUANG Run-qiu,Densmore AL,et al.2009.Surface rupture of Xiaoyudong Fault caused by Wenchuan earth-quake and its geological significance[J].Quaternary Sciences,29(3):502—512(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630—643.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Primary analyses of in-situ recurrence of large earth-quake along seismogenic fault of theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):630—643(in Chinese).
《汶川地震灾害地图集》编纂委员会.2009.汶川地震灾害地图集[M].成都:成都地图出版社.“Atlas of Wenchuan earthquake disaster”Codification Committee.2009.Atlas of Wenchuan earthquake disaster[M].Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House,Chengdu(in Chinese).
许强,黄润秋.2009.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[A].见:宋胜武主编.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社.200—207.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu.2009.Dynamic behavior of large scale collapse and sliding hazards induced by May12Wenchuan earthquake[A].In:SONG Sheng-wu(ed).Analysis and Investigation on Seismic Damages of Pro-jects Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake.Science Press,Beijing.200—207(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.TheMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成,等.2009.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点[A].见:宋胜武主编.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社.181—192.ZHOU Rong-jun,HUANG Run-qiu,LEI Jian-cheng,et al.2009.Ground surface rupture and seismic damage featureduring theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake occurring in Sichuan Province[A].In:SONG Sheng-wu(ed).Analysisand Investigation on Seismic Damages of Projects Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Science Press,Bei-jing.181—192(in Chinese).
JIANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng,ZHANG Jing-fa,et al.2009.Evidence of multistage late Quaternary strong earthquakeson typical segments of Longmenshan active fault zone in Sichuan,China[J].Science in China(Ser D),52(9):1412—1425.
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