共散射点道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移速度分析
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摘要
推导了基于角度域共成像点道集的叠前深度偏移层析速度分析公式,提出一种共散射点(CSP)道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移的速度分析方法。该方法通过基于CSP道集的叠前时间偏移速度分析获取初始速度,利用基于角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGs)的叠前深度偏移速度分析进行速度更新。实现步骤概括为:将叠前地震数据映射为CSP道集,利用CSP道集叠加速度谱拾取能量团获取均方根(RMS)速度场;通过Dix公式将RMS速度转换为层速度作为层析的初始输入速度,基于ADCIGs实现叠前深度偏移层析速度反演,最终得到高精度的叠前偏移速度场。断层模型和实际资料试算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。
This paper derived a formula to analyze tomographic velocity in pre-stack depth migration based on angle domain common imaging gathers(ADCIGs) and proposed a pre-stack migration velocity analysis method using sequent optimization which gets the initial velocity through the pre-stack time migration velocity analysis on the basis of common scattering point(CSP) gathers and obtains velocity update through pre-stack depth migration velocity analysis on the basis of ADCIGs.The implement steps can be summarized as follows:(1)mapping pre-stack seismic data to CSP gathers and getting root-mean-square velocity by stack velocity spectrum of CSP gathers;(2)transforming root-mean-square velocity to interval velocity in order to model the initial tomography velocity field;(3)obtaining pre-stack migration velocity field by pre-stack depth migration tomographic velocity inversion based on ADCIGs.Examples of fault model and field dataset proved the correctness and validity of this method.
This paper derived a formula to analyze tomographic velocity in pre-stack depth migration based on angle domain common imaging gathers(ADCIGs) and proposed a pre-stack migration velocity analysis method using sequent optimization which gets the initial velocity through the pre-stack time migration velocity analysis on the basis of common scattering point(CSP) gathers and obtains velocity update through pre-stack depth migration velocity analysis on the basis of ADCIGs.The implement steps can be summarized as follows:(1)mapping pre-stack seismic data to CSP gathers and getting root-mean-square velocity by stack velocity spectrum of CSP gathers;(2)transforming root-mean-square velocity to interval velocity in order to model the initial tomography velocity field;(3)obtaining pre-stack migration velocity field by pre-stack depth migration tomographic velocity inversion based on ADCIGs.Examples of fault model and field dataset proved the correctness and validity of this method.
引文
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[2]Al-Yahya K.Velocity Analysis by Iterative Profile Mi-gration[D].Stanford:Stanford University,1987.
[3]Lee W,Zhang L.Residual Shot Profile Migration[J].Geophysics,1992,57(6):815-822.
[4]Fomel S.Velocity Continuation and the Anatomy of Residual Prestack Migration[C]//Presented at the 67th SEG Mtg.Dallas:SEG,1997:1762-1765.
[5]Liu Z,Bleistein N.Migration Velocity Analysis:The-ory and an Iterative Algorithm[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):142-153.
[6]Liu Z.An Analytical Approach to Migration Velocity Analysis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1238-1249.
[7]Prucha M L,Biondi B L,Symes W W.Angle-Domain Common Image Gathers by Wave-Equation Migration:Angle-Domain Common Image Gathers by Wave Equa-tion Migration[C]//Presented at the69th SEG Mtg.Houston:SEG,1999:824-827.
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[9]Sava P,Fomel S.Angle-Domain Common-Imaging Gathers by Wavefield Continuation Methods[J].Ge-ophysics,2003,68(3):1065-1074.
[10]Xia F,Ren Y,Jin S.Residual Migration-Velocity A-nalysis Using Common Angle Image Gathers[C]//Presented at the76th SEG Mtg.Texas:SEG,2006:2455-2458.
[11]Faye J P,Jeannot J P.Prestack Migration Velocities from Depth-Focusing Analysis[C]//Presented at the 56th SEG Mtg.Houston:SEG,1986:438-440.
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[13]Wang B,Francois A,Dan W.Subsalt Velocity Anal-ysis by Combining Wave Equation Based Redatuming and Kirchhoff Based Migration Velocity Analysis[C]//Presented at the76th SEG Mtg.Texas:SEG,2006:2440-2444.
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[16]韩复兴,孙建国,王坤.速度模型的光滑处理分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(5):1610-1616.Han Fuxing,Sun Jianguo,Wang Kun.Analysis of Velocity Model Smoothing[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(5):1610-1616.
[17]杨兰锁,王世煜,刘财,等.射线层析静校正[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(增刊2):49-54.Yang Lansuo,Wang Shiyu,Liu Cai,et al.Ray Tomography Static Correction[J].Journal of Jilin U-niversity:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(Sup.2):49-54.
[18]Bancroft J C.The Equivalent Offset Method of Pres-tack Time Migration[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6),2042-2053.
[19]Levin F K.Apparent Velocity from Dipping Interface Reflections[J].Geophysics,1971,36(2):510-516.
[20]马在田.计算地球物理学概论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.Ma Zaitian.Introduction to Computational Geophys-ics[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[21]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东,等.自动拾取的成像空间域走时层析速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):392-398.Qin Ning,Li Zhenchun,Yang Xiaodong,et al.Im-age Domain Travel-Time Tomography Velocity Inver-sion Based on Automatic Picking[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):392-398.
[22]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东.基于角道集的井约束层析速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):725-731.Qin Ning,Li Zhenchun,Yang Xiaodong.Tomo-graphy Velocity Inversion by Well Constraint Based on the Angle Domain Common Imaging Gathers[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(5):725-731.
[2]Al-Yahya K.Velocity Analysis by Iterative Profile Mi-gration[D].Stanford:Stanford University,1987.
[3]Lee W,Zhang L.Residual Shot Profile Migration[J].Geophysics,1992,57(6):815-822.
[4]Fomel S.Velocity Continuation and the Anatomy of Residual Prestack Migration[C]//Presented at the 67th SEG Mtg.Dallas:SEG,1997:1762-1765.
[5]Liu Z,Bleistein N.Migration Velocity Analysis:The-ory and an Iterative Algorithm[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):142-153.
[6]Liu Z.An Analytical Approach to Migration Velocity Analysis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1238-1249.
[7]Prucha M L,Biondi B L,Symes W W.Angle-Domain Common Image Gathers by Wave-Equation Migration:Angle-Domain Common Image Gathers by Wave Equa-tion Migration[C]//Presented at the69th SEG Mtg.Houston:SEG,1999:824-827.
[8]Mosher C,Jin S,Foste D J.Migration Velocity Anal-ysis Using Common Angle Image Gathers[C]//Pres-ented at the71st SEG Mtg.Tulsa:SEG,2001:889-892.
[9]Sava P,Fomel S.Angle-Domain Common-Imaging Gathers by Wavefield Continuation Methods[J].Ge-ophysics,2003,68(3):1065-1074.
[10]Xia F,Ren Y,Jin S.Residual Migration-Velocity A-nalysis Using Common Angle Image Gathers[C]//Presented at the76th SEG Mtg.Texas:SEG,2006:2455-2458.
[11]Faye J P,Jeannot J P.Prestack Migration Velocities from Depth-Focusing Analysis[C]//Presented at the 56th SEG Mtg.Houston:SEG,1986:438-440.
[12]MacKay S,Abma R.Imaging and Velocity Estima-tion with Depth-Focusing Analysis[J].Geophysics,1992,57(12),1608-1622.
[13]Wang B,Francois A,Dan W.Subsalt Velocity Anal-ysis by Combining Wave Equation Based Redatuming and Kirchhoff Based Migration Velocity Analysis[C]//Presented at the76th SEG Mtg.Texas:SEG,2006:2440-2444.
[14]Berkhout A J.CFP Technology,New Opportunity in Seismic Processing[C]//Presented at the70th SEG Mtg.Calgary:SEG,2000:778-781.
[15]Kabir M M,Verschuur D J.A Constrained Paramet-ric Inversion for Velocity Analysis Based on CFP Technology[J].Geophysics,2000,65(4):1210-1222.
[16]韩复兴,孙建国,王坤.速度模型的光滑处理分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(5):1610-1616.Han Fuxing,Sun Jianguo,Wang Kun.Analysis of Velocity Model Smoothing[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(5):1610-1616.
[17]杨兰锁,王世煜,刘财,等.射线层析静校正[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(增刊2):49-54.Yang Lansuo,Wang Shiyu,Liu Cai,et al.Ray Tomography Static Correction[J].Journal of Jilin U-niversity:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(Sup.2):49-54.
[18]Bancroft J C.The Equivalent Offset Method of Pres-tack Time Migration[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6),2042-2053.
[19]Levin F K.Apparent Velocity from Dipping Interface Reflections[J].Geophysics,1971,36(2):510-516.
[20]马在田.计算地球物理学概论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.Ma Zaitian.Introduction to Computational Geophys-ics[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[21]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东,等.自动拾取的成像空间域走时层析速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):392-398.Qin Ning,Li Zhenchun,Yang Xiaodong,et al.Im-age Domain Travel-Time Tomography Velocity Inver-sion Based on Automatic Picking[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):392-398.
[22]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东.基于角道集的井约束层析速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):725-731.Qin Ning,Li Zhenchun,Yang Xiaodong.Tomo-graphy Velocity Inversion by Well Constraint Based on the Angle Domain Common Imaging Gathers[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(5):725-731.
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