舟曲泄流坡滑坡变形特征及其形成机理
|
摘要
以甘肃舟曲泄流坡滑坡的野外详细调查和变形监测资料为基础,探讨泄流坡滑坡蠕滑变形特征和形成机理。研究表明,舟曲泄流坡滑坡发育于坪定—化马断裂内,属典型的巨型断裂带滑坡。该滑坡由多个次级滑坡组成,表现为蠕滑变形特点,且一直处于不稳定状态。该滑坡是在内外动力耦合作用下形成的,断裂破碎带是泄流坡滑坡发生的充分条件,断裂活动导致坡体发生塑性流动变形;而降雨是滑坡发生大规模下滑的主要诱发因素;地震、坡脚开挖等对滑坡的发展、演化起到促进作用。因此,进一步研究断裂带滑坡的形成机理和成灾模式,对此类滑坡的防治预警有重要意义。
Based on detailed filed survey and deformation monitoring data for many years,deformation characteristics and formation mechanism of Xieliupo landslide in Zhouqu has been discussed.The result reveal that the landslide which lies in Pingding-Huama Fault Zone belong to a typical giant fault zone landslide being in an unstable state all the time.Xieliupo landslide is formed under the coupling of endogenic and exogenic geological processes.Shattered fault zone is a sufficient condition which resulted in Xieliupo landslide and fault activities lead the slope to plastic flow deformation.Rainfall is a main factor which triggering large-scale slip of the landslide.Furthermore,earthquake,toe cutting and other factors play promoting roles in the landslide's development and evolution.Therefore,further studies on the formation mechanism and disaster pattern of fault zone landslide have important significance towards the prediction and prevention of this type of landslide.
Based on detailed filed survey and deformation monitoring data for many years,deformation characteristics and formation mechanism of Xieliupo landslide in Zhouqu has been discussed.The result reveal that the landslide which lies in Pingding-Huama Fault Zone belong to a typical giant fault zone landslide being in an unstable state all the time.Xieliupo landslide is formed under the coupling of endogenic and exogenic geological processes.Shattered fault zone is a sufficient condition which resulted in Xieliupo landslide and fault activities lead the slope to plastic flow deformation.Rainfall is a main factor which triggering large-scale slip of the landslide.Furthermore,earthquake,toe cutting and other factors play promoting roles in the landslide's development and evolution.Therefore,further studies on the formation mechanism and disaster pattern of fault zone landslide have important significance towards the prediction and prevention of this type of landslide.
引文
[1]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433～454.HUANG Run-qiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the20 th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433～454.
[2]殷坤龙,韩再生,李志中.国际滑坡研究的新进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(5):1～4.YIN Kun-long,HAN Zai-sheng,LI Zhi-zhong.Progress of landslide researches in the world[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(5):1～4.
[3]United States Geological Survey.Landslide hazards[R].Reston:United States GS Fact Sheet(FS-071-00),2000.
[4]Mauritsch H J,Seiberl W,Arndt R,et al.Geophysical investigations of large landslides in the Carnic Region of Southern Austria[J].Engineering Geology,2000,56(3/4):373～388.
[5]黄润秋.中国西部地区典型岩质滑坡机理研究[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):443～450.HUANG Run-qiu.Mechanism of large scale landslides in Western China[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):443～450.
[6]陶骞,刘超,朱志铭,等.多工况下汉源二蛮山滑坡机理数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2012,18(4):440～450.TAO Qian,LIU Chao,ZHU Zhi-ming,et al.Numerical simulation of landslide mechanism at Ermanshan of Hanyuan under different conditions[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(4):440～450.
[7]殷跃平.西藏波密易贡高速巨型滑坡特征及减灾研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(4):8～11.YIN Yue-ping.Rapid huge landslide and hazard reduction of Yigong River in the Bomi,Tibet[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(4):8～11.
[8]杨为民,吴树仁,谭成轩,等.陕西宝鸡地区对滑式黄土滑坡的特征及其碰撞诱发机理[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1854～1861.YANG Wei-min,WU Shu-ren,TAN Cheng-xuan,et al.Characteristics of opposite-slip loess landslides and its collision induced mechanism in the Baoji area,Shanxi,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1854～1861.
[9]王治华,杜明亮,郭兆成,等.缓倾滑坡地质力学模型研究——以冯店滑坡为例[J].地质力学学报,2012,18(2):97～119.WANG Zhi-hua,DU Ming-liang,GUO Zhao-cheng,et al.Study on the geomechanical model of landslide with low dip angle strata structure:Taking Fengdian landslide as an example[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(2):97～119.
[10]王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115～117.WANG Si-jing.Coupling of earth's endogenic and exogenic geological processes and origins on serious geological disasters[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(2):115～117.
[11]李晓,李守定,陈剑,等.地质灾害形成的内外动力耦合作用机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1792～1806.LI Xiao,LI Shou-ding,CHEN Jian,et al.Coupling effect mechanism of endogenic and exogenic geological processes of geological hazards evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1792～1806.
[12]张永双,苏生瑞,吴树仁,等.强震区断裂活动与大型滑坡关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,20(增2):3503～3513.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SU Sheng-rui,WU Shu-ren,et al.Research on relationship between fault movement and large-scale landslide in intensive earthquake region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,20(Supp.2):3503～3513.
[13]张友谊,刘俊新,冯涛.峡口滑坡不同降雨条件下蠕变行为分析[J].铁道工程学报,2009,(1):23～25.ZHANG You-yi,LIU Jun-xin,FENG Tao.Numerical simulation of creep behavior of Xiakou landslide under different rainfall conditions[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,(1):23～25.
[14]林卫烈,杨舜成.滑坡与降雨量相关性研究[J].福建水土保持,2003,15(1):28～32,52.LIN Wei-lie,YANG Shun-cheng.The relationship of landslide and precipitation[J].Fujian Soil and Water Conservation,2003,15(1):28～32,52.
[15]李德心,何思明.降雨型浅层滑坡的变形预测模型[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):342～346.LI De-xin,HE Si-ming.The deformation prediction model on rainfall-triggered shallow landslide[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(3):342～346.
[16]王磊,张春山,杨为民,等.基于GIS的甘肃省甘谷县地质灾害危险性评价[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(4):388～401.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chun-shan,YANG Wei-min,et al.Risk assessment of geohazards by using GIS in Gangu County,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2011,17(4):388～401.
[17]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006:173～179.WU Wei-jiang,WANG Nian-qin.Landslide hazard in Gansu Province[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2006:173～179.
[18]张茂省,黎志恒,王根龙,等.白龙江流域地质灾害特征及勘查思路[J].西北地质,2011,44(3):1～9.ZHANG Mao-sheng,LI Zhi-heng,WANG Gen-long,et al.The geological hazard characteristics and exploration ideas of the Bailong River Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(3):1～9.
[19]丁宏伟.甘肃省舟曲地质灾害发育特征及典型地质灾害剖析[J].甘肃地质,2012,21(1):47～53.DING Hong-wei.Characteristic of typical geological disasters in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,2012,21(1):47～53.
[20]Scheidegger A E,艾南山.武都地区的滑坡和泥石流[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(2):19～27.Scheidegger A E,AI Nan-shan.Clay slides and debris-flow in the Wudu region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1987,1(2):19～27.
[21]畅益锋,李仁华.白龙江泄流坡滑坡变形特征及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(1):93～95.CHANG Yi-feng,LI Ren-hua.Landslide deformation characteristics of mud flow slopes in Bailong River and analysis of the reasons[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1999,10(1):93～95.
[22]张妮.泄流坡滑坡滑带土地球化学与微观结构特征[D].甘肃:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2012.ZHANG Ni.Geochemical and microstructure characteristics of sliding mud of Xieliupo landslide[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.
[23]余志山.泄流坡滑坡灾害损失预测及成灾方式研究[J].甘肃科技,2007,23(12):72～76.YU Zhi-shan.Prediction of disaster loss and cause disaster research of Mud Flow Slopes[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2007,23(12):72～76.
[2]殷坤龙,韩再生,李志中.国际滑坡研究的新进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(5):1～4.YIN Kun-long,HAN Zai-sheng,LI Zhi-zhong.Progress of landslide researches in the world[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(5):1～4.
[3]United States Geological Survey.Landslide hazards[R].Reston:United States GS Fact Sheet(FS-071-00),2000.
[4]Mauritsch H J,Seiberl W,Arndt R,et al.Geophysical investigations of large landslides in the Carnic Region of Southern Austria[J].Engineering Geology,2000,56(3/4):373～388.
[5]黄润秋.中国西部地区典型岩质滑坡机理研究[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):443～450.HUANG Run-qiu.Mechanism of large scale landslides in Western China[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):443～450.
[6]陶骞,刘超,朱志铭,等.多工况下汉源二蛮山滑坡机理数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2012,18(4):440～450.TAO Qian,LIU Chao,ZHU Zhi-ming,et al.Numerical simulation of landslide mechanism at Ermanshan of Hanyuan under different conditions[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(4):440～450.
[7]殷跃平.西藏波密易贡高速巨型滑坡特征及减灾研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(4):8～11.YIN Yue-ping.Rapid huge landslide and hazard reduction of Yigong River in the Bomi,Tibet[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(4):8～11.
[8]杨为民,吴树仁,谭成轩,等.陕西宝鸡地区对滑式黄土滑坡的特征及其碰撞诱发机理[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1854～1861.YANG Wei-min,WU Shu-ren,TAN Cheng-xuan,et al.Characteristics of opposite-slip loess landslides and its collision induced mechanism in the Baoji area,Shanxi,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1854～1861.
[9]王治华,杜明亮,郭兆成,等.缓倾滑坡地质力学模型研究——以冯店滑坡为例[J].地质力学学报,2012,18(2):97～119.WANG Zhi-hua,DU Ming-liang,GUO Zhao-cheng,et al.Study on the geomechanical model of landslide with low dip angle strata structure:Taking Fengdian landslide as an example[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(2):97～119.
[10]王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115～117.WANG Si-jing.Coupling of earth's endogenic and exogenic geological processes and origins on serious geological disasters[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(2):115～117.
[11]李晓,李守定,陈剑,等.地质灾害形成的内外动力耦合作用机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1792～1806.LI Xiao,LI Shou-ding,CHEN Jian,et al.Coupling effect mechanism of endogenic and exogenic geological processes of geological hazards evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1792～1806.
[12]张永双,苏生瑞,吴树仁,等.强震区断裂活动与大型滑坡关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,20(增2):3503～3513.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SU Sheng-rui,WU Shu-ren,et al.Research on relationship between fault movement and large-scale landslide in intensive earthquake region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,20(Supp.2):3503～3513.
[13]张友谊,刘俊新,冯涛.峡口滑坡不同降雨条件下蠕变行为分析[J].铁道工程学报,2009,(1):23～25.ZHANG You-yi,LIU Jun-xin,FENG Tao.Numerical simulation of creep behavior of Xiakou landslide under different rainfall conditions[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,(1):23～25.
[14]林卫烈,杨舜成.滑坡与降雨量相关性研究[J].福建水土保持,2003,15(1):28～32,52.LIN Wei-lie,YANG Shun-cheng.The relationship of landslide and precipitation[J].Fujian Soil and Water Conservation,2003,15(1):28～32,52.
[15]李德心,何思明.降雨型浅层滑坡的变形预测模型[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):342～346.LI De-xin,HE Si-ming.The deformation prediction model on rainfall-triggered shallow landslide[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(3):342～346.
[16]王磊,张春山,杨为民,等.基于GIS的甘肃省甘谷县地质灾害危险性评价[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(4):388～401.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chun-shan,YANG Wei-min,et al.Risk assessment of geohazards by using GIS in Gangu County,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2011,17(4):388～401.
[17]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006:173～179.WU Wei-jiang,WANG Nian-qin.Landslide hazard in Gansu Province[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2006:173～179.
[18]张茂省,黎志恒,王根龙,等.白龙江流域地质灾害特征及勘查思路[J].西北地质,2011,44(3):1～9.ZHANG Mao-sheng,LI Zhi-heng,WANG Gen-long,et al.The geological hazard characteristics and exploration ideas of the Bailong River Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(3):1～9.
[19]丁宏伟.甘肃省舟曲地质灾害发育特征及典型地质灾害剖析[J].甘肃地质,2012,21(1):47～53.DING Hong-wei.Characteristic of typical geological disasters in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,2012,21(1):47～53.
[20]Scheidegger A E,艾南山.武都地区的滑坡和泥石流[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(2):19～27.Scheidegger A E,AI Nan-shan.Clay slides and debris-flow in the Wudu region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1987,1(2):19～27.
[21]畅益锋,李仁华.白龙江泄流坡滑坡变形特征及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(1):93～95.CHANG Yi-feng,LI Ren-hua.Landslide deformation characteristics of mud flow slopes in Bailong River and analysis of the reasons[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1999,10(1):93～95.
[22]张妮.泄流坡滑坡滑带土地球化学与微观结构特征[D].甘肃:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2012.ZHANG Ni.Geochemical and microstructure characteristics of sliding mud of Xieliupo landslide[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.
[23]余志山.泄流坡滑坡灾害损失预测及成灾方式研究[J].甘肃科技,2007,23(12):72～76.YU Zhi-shan.Prediction of disaster loss and cause disaster research of Mud Flow Slopes[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2007,23(12):72～76.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心