小波变换在面波插值中的应用
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摘要
利用瑞雷面波的频散信息可有效反演浅层横波速度结构。但在大时空采样地震记录中,由于瑞雷面波的速度很低,其记录中的高频成分容易出现严重假频,甚至出现超周期现象,这会降低其频率速度谱的信噪比,影响频散曲线的提取精度,在高频段更加如此。基于小波变换原理,实现对瑞雷面波的时空插值;根据瑞雷面波同相轴线性的特点,将线性动校正引入到插值中,改善高频信息的插值效果;进行理论模型数据和实际记录的试算与频率速度谱的提取以及插值前后频率速度谱的对比分析。研究结果表明:基于小波变换原理的插值方法是正确的;该方法可以有效提高频率速度谱的信噪比和频散曲线的提取精度,为大时空采样地震记录瑞雷面波频散曲线的提取提供理论基础。
The dispersion information of Rayleigh wave can be used to calculate shallow S-wave velocity structure effectively.But in the large time-space sampling seismic data,the high-frequency signal components are usually aliased seriously,or even exceeding the cycle of the wave because of the low velocity of Rayleigh wave.This can decrease the SNR(signal-noise ratio) in frequency-velocity domain,and affect the accuracy of dispersion curves,especially in the high-frequency section.The interpolation of Rayleigh waves was accomplished based on wavelet transform(WT).According to the characteristic of linear seismic event,linear normal moveout(LNMO) was introduced into the process of the interpolation which could improve the interpolation effects of the high-frequency components.This method was used to calculate both synthetic and real data examples,extracted the frequency-velocity spectrums,and analyzed their frequency-velocity spectrums before and after interpolation.The results show that the interpolation method is correct,and it can improve the SNR in frequency-velocity domain and the accuracy of the dispersion curves.All these provide theoretical principle for extracting dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave in the large time-space sampling seismic data.
The dispersion information of Rayleigh wave can be used to calculate shallow S-wave velocity structure effectively.But in the large time-space sampling seismic data,the high-frequency signal components are usually aliased seriously,or even exceeding the cycle of the wave because of the low velocity of Rayleigh wave.This can decrease the SNR(signal-noise ratio) in frequency-velocity domain,and affect the accuracy of dispersion curves,especially in the high-frequency section.The interpolation of Rayleigh waves was accomplished based on wavelet transform(WT).According to the characteristic of linear seismic event,linear normal moveout(LNMO) was introduced into the process of the interpolation which could improve the interpolation effects of the high-frequency components.This method was used to calculate both synthetic and real data examples,extracted the frequency-velocity spectrums,and analyzed their frequency-velocity spectrums before and after interpolation.The results show that the interpolation method is correct,and it can improve the SNR in frequency-velocity domain and the accuracy of the dispersion curves.All these provide theoretical principle for extracting dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave in the large time-space sampling seismic data.
引文
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[21]George A M,Mathew J Y.Analysis of dispersive waves by wave field transformation[J].Geophysics,1981,46(6):869-874.
[22]LUO Yin-he,XIA Jiang-hai,Richard D M,et al.Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy imaging using a high-resolution linear radon transform[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2008,165(5):903-922.
[2]Spitz S.Seismic trace interpolation in the f-x domain[J].Geophysics,1991,56(6):785-794.
[3]国九英,周兴元,俞寿朋.f-x域等道距道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(1):28-34.GUO Jiu-ying,ZHOU Xing-yuan,YU Shou-peng.Iso-interval trace interpolation in f-x domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1996,31(1):28-34.
[4]Porsani M J.Seismic trace interpolation using half-step prediction filters[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1461-1467.
[5]WANG Yang-hua.Seismic trace interpolation in the f-x-y domain[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1232-1239.
[6]WANG Zhen-li,LI Yan-da.Trace interpolation using wavelet transform[C]//64th SEG Annual International Meeting,Los Angles,USA:SEG,1994,13:729-730.
[7]王真理,李衍达.基于小波的信号部分重构与插值[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1995,35(5):67-72.WANG Zhen-li,LI Yan-da.Signal partial reconstruction and interpolation based on wavelet transform[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,1995,35(5):67-72.
[8]Trad D O,Ulrych T J,Sacchi M D.Accurate interpolation with high-resolution time-variant Radon transforms[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):644-656.
[9]Trad D O.Interpolation and multiple attenuation with migration operators[J].Geophysics,2003,68(6):2043-2054.
[10]崔兴福,刘东奇,张关泉.小波变换实现地震道插值[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):93-97.CUI Xing-fu,LIU Dong-qi,ZHANG Guan-quan.Seismic trace interpolation using wavelet transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(Suppl):93-97.
[11]王维红,刘洪.抛物Radon变换法近偏移距波场外推[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):289-293.WANG Wei-hong,LIU Hong.Near offset wavefield extrapolation based on parabolic radon transform[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):289-293.
[12]ZHOU Yu,Ferguson J,McMechan G,et al.Wavelet-Radon domain dealiasing and interpolation of seismicdata[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):41-49.
[13]Herrmann F J,Hennenfent G.Non-parametric seismic data recovery with curvelet frames[J].Geophys J Int,2008,148(1):233-248.
[14]Naghizadeh M,Sacchi D.Beyond alias hierarchical scale curvelet interpolation of regularly and irregularly sampled seismic data[J].Geophysics,2010,75(6):WB189-WB202.
[15]刘国昌,陈小宏,郭志峰,等.基于Curvelet变换的缺失地震数据插值方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):237-246.LIU Guo-chang,CHEN Xiao-hong,GUO Zhi-feng,et al.Missing seismic data rebuilding by interpolation based on Curvelet transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):237-246.
[16]张恒磊,刘天佑,李红巧.Curvelet域面波衰减方法研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(8):2372-2378.ZHANG Heng-lei,LIU Tian-you,LI Hong-qiao.Attenuation of surface wave in Curvelet domain[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(8):2372-2378.
[17]孟小红,郭良辉.利用地震瑞利波速度反演求取P-SV波横波静校正量[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,42(4):448-453.MENG Xiao-hong,GUO Liang-hui.Using velocity inversion of seismic Rayleigh wave to compute S-wave statics of P-SV wave[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):448-453.
[18]Bansal R,Ross W,Lee S,et al.A novel approach to estimating near-surface S-wave velocity and converted-wave receiver statics[C]//79th SEG Annual International Meeting,Houston,USA:SEG,2009,28:1192-1196.
[19]卢珏.基于小波的图像插值研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(1):81-83.LU Jue.Research of image interpolation based on wavelet[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2003,25(1):81-83.
[20]陶洪久,柳健,田金文.基于小波变换和插值的超分辨率图像处理算法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2002,24(8):63-66.TAO Hong-jiu,LIU Jian,TIAN Jin-wen.Surper resolution image processing algorithm based on wavelet transform and bilinear interpolation[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2002,24(8):63-66.
[21]George A M,Mathew J Y.Analysis of dispersive waves by wave field transformation[J].Geophysics,1981,46(6):869-874.
[22]LUO Yin-he,XIA Jiang-hai,Richard D M,et al.Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy imaging using a high-resolution linear radon transform[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2008,165(5):903-922.
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