叠前偏移及储层预测技术研发进展与应用
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摘要
为满足油气勘探开发的地质需求,在叠前深度偏移、地震储层综合预测等技术研发上有了新的进展。地震偏移成像技术实现了由叠后到叠前、从时间域向深度域、从积分法到差分法、从单程波到双程波的跨越,Lightning叠前深度偏移软件的研发使用,显著提升了叠前偏移处理能力和成像精度。曲率、纹理等地震新属性提取与分析、叠前弹性反演技术的开发,不断丰富和完善了储层预测的技术手段。储层预测对象由常规储层到特殊及非常规储层,预测技术从叠后走向叠前、从单一走向综合,预测能力从定性向半定量和定量的提升,预测参数从几何形态向孔渗性及含流体性的发展。叠前深度偏移和储层预测新技术的针对性应用,改善了山前、盐下、碳酸盐岩和低幅度圈闭等复杂圈闭目标的成像效果,提高了非均质碳酸盐岩和薄砂层等复杂储层的预测精度,在复杂油气藏的勘探开发中发挥了重要作用。
In order to meet geological needs of oil and gas exploration and development,new progress has been made in the research and development of prestack depth migration and integrated forecast of seismic reservoir.Seismic migration imaging technology has gotten the historic spanning from poststack to prestack,from time domain to depth domain,from integral difference method to difference method and from one-way wave to two-way wave.Development and use of Lightning pre-stack depth migration software have significantly enhanced the pre-stack migration processing capacity and imaging accuracy.Reservoir forecasting technological means have been enriched and improved constantly with extraction and analysis of curvature,texture and other new seismic attribute and development of prestack elastic inversion technique.The predicting targets have changed from conventional reservoirs to special and unconventional reservoirs.Forecasting technology have developed from prestack,single to poststack,integrated.Forecasting capability has improved from qualitative to semi-quantitative and quantitative and the forecasting parameters have evolved from the geometry to pore permeability and fluid bearing.Applying the new prestack depth migration and reservoir forecast techniques to the area where they are necessary can enhance imaging results of complex trap targets,such as piedmont,subsalt,carbonate rock and low-relief trap,so that forecast accuracy of non-homogeneous carbonate rock,thin sand layer and other complex reservoirs can be improved.In summary,the progress of the techniques mentioned has played an important role in the exploration and development of complex hydrocarbon reservoir.
In order to meet geological needs of oil and gas exploration and development,new progress has been made in the research and development of prestack depth migration and integrated forecast of seismic reservoir.Seismic migration imaging technology has gotten the historic spanning from poststack to prestack,from time domain to depth domain,from integral difference method to difference method and from one-way wave to two-way wave.Development and use of Lightning pre-stack depth migration software have significantly enhanced the pre-stack migration processing capacity and imaging accuracy.Reservoir forecasting technological means have been enriched and improved constantly with extraction and analysis of curvature,texture and other new seismic attribute and development of prestack elastic inversion technique.The predicting targets have changed from conventional reservoirs to special and unconventional reservoirs.Forecasting technology have developed from prestack,single to poststack,integrated.Forecasting capability has improved from qualitative to semi-quantitative and quantitative and the forecasting parameters have evolved from the geometry to pore permeability and fluid bearing.Applying the new prestack depth migration and reservoir forecast techniques to the area where they are necessary can enhance imaging results of complex trap targets,such as piedmont,subsalt,carbonate rock and low-relief trap,so that forecast accuracy of non-homogeneous carbonate rock,thin sand layer and other complex reservoirs can be improved.In summary,the progress of the techniques mentioned has played an important role in the exploration and development of complex hydrocarbon reservoir.
引文
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[11]李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法—以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462.Li Jianxiong,Gu Yuemin,Dang Huqiang,et al.Well seismic andsurface joint prediction for reservoir rock in a development areawith denser producers——Case study of Block JN2in SL Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462.
[12]张红军,李庆忠,平俊彪,等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层叠前深度偏移成像分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):390-395.Zhang Hongjun,Li Qingzhong,Ping Junbiao,et al.Analysis ofpre-stack depth migration for complex sub-salt structure[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):390-395.
[13]Goloshubin G,Korneev V,Silin D,et al.Reservoir imaging usinglow frequencies of seismic reflections[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(5):527-531.
[14]Gray S H,Etgen J,Dellinger J.Seismic migration problems andsolutions[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1622-1640.
[15]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[16]Frech W S.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migrationof model experiment reflection profiles[J].Geophysics,1974,39(3):265-277.
[17]Schneider J.Integral formulation for migration in two and threedimensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[18]Baysal E,Kosloff D,Sherwood J W C.Reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[19]Chen Q,Sidney S.Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecas-ting and monitoring[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):445-456.
[20]Hoecker C,Fehmers G.Fast structural interpretation with struc-ture-oriented filtering[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21:238-243.
[21]Marfurt K J,Sudhakar V,Gersztenkorn A,et al.Coherency cal-culations in the presence of structural dip[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1):104-111.
[22]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures usingGaussian curvature analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(12):1811-1819.
[23]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attributes add valueto 3Dseismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856-867.
[24]Chang T,Kuo C C J.Texture analysis and classification with tree-structured wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on ImageProcessing,1993,2(4):429-441.
[25]Unser M.Texture classification and segmentation using waveletframes[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1995,4(11):1549-1560.
[26]Kourosh J K,Hamid S Z.Radon transform orientation estimation forrotation invariant texture analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence,2005,27(6):1004-1008.
[27]Patrick C.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[2]李军,熊利平,方石,等.基于多尺度数据融合Markov链模型的岩性随机模拟[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):73-77.Li Jun,Xiong Liping,Fang Shi,et al.Lithology stochastic simula-tion based on Markov chain models integrated with multi-scaledata[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):73-77.
[3]张厚福,徐兆辉,王露.油气藏研究的发展趋势预测[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):165-172.Zhang Houfu,Xu Zhaohui,Wang Lu.Prediction of developingtrends of reservoir research[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):165-172.
[4]周金应,桂碧雯,李茂,等.基于岩控的人工神经网络在渗透率预测中的应用[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):985-988.Zhou Jinying,Gui Biwen,Li Mao,et al.An application of the ar-tificial neural net dominated by lithology to permeability predic-tion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):985-988.
[5]辛可锋,王华忠,王成礼,等.叠前地震数据的规则化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):311-318.Xin Kefeng,Wang Huazhong,Wang Chengli,et al.Regulariza-tion of pre-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(4):311-318.
[6]邓飞,刘超颖,赵波,等.高斯射线束正演与偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):265-269.Deng Fei,Liu Chaoying,Zhao Bo,et al.Gaussian beams forward sim-ulation and migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(3):265-269.
[7]张进铎,杨平,王云雷.地震信息的谱分解技术及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(4):235-238.Chang Jinduo,Yang Ping,Wang Yunlei.Spectral decompositionof seismic data and its application in oil&gas exploration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(4):235-238.
[8]苏朝光.沾车地区沙四段湖相碳酸盐岩的地震识别与预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):565-570.Su Chaoguang.Seismic identification and prediction of lacustrinecarbonate at Es4in Zhanche area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2010,45(4):565-570.
[9]王雷,陈海清,陈国文,等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885-889.Wang Lei,Chen Haiqing,Chen Guowen,et al.Application of cur-vature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its ori-entation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):885-889.
[10]潘良云,孙庭斌,白军.岩性指示模拟反演技术在储层预测中的应用——以酒泉盆地青南次凹为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(1):129-133.Pan Liangyun,Sun Tingbin,Bai Jun.Application of the techniqueof lithology indictor simulation inversion to the reservoir predic-tion—taking Qingnan sag in Jiuquan Basin as an example[J].Pe-troleum Geology&Oilfield Developmentin in Daqing,2010,29(1):129-133.
[11]李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法—以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462.Li Jianxiong,Gu Yuemin,Dang Huqiang,et al.Well seismic andsurface joint prediction for reservoir rock in a development areawith denser producers——Case study of Block JN2in SL Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462.
[12]张红军,李庆忠,平俊彪,等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层叠前深度偏移成像分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):390-395.Zhang Hongjun,Li Qingzhong,Ping Junbiao,et al.Analysis ofpre-stack depth migration for complex sub-salt structure[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):390-395.
[13]Goloshubin G,Korneev V,Silin D,et al.Reservoir imaging usinglow frequencies of seismic reflections[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(5):527-531.
[14]Gray S H,Etgen J,Dellinger J.Seismic migration problems andsolutions[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1622-1640.
[15]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[16]Frech W S.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migrationof model experiment reflection profiles[J].Geophysics,1974,39(3):265-277.
[17]Schneider J.Integral formulation for migration in two and threedimensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[18]Baysal E,Kosloff D,Sherwood J W C.Reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[19]Chen Q,Sidney S.Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecas-ting and monitoring[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):445-456.
[20]Hoecker C,Fehmers G.Fast structural interpretation with struc-ture-oriented filtering[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21:238-243.
[21]Marfurt K J,Sudhakar V,Gersztenkorn A,et al.Coherency cal-culations in the presence of structural dip[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1):104-111.
[22]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures usingGaussian curvature analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(12):1811-1819.
[23]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attributes add valueto 3Dseismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856-867.
[24]Chang T,Kuo C C J.Texture analysis and classification with tree-structured wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on ImageProcessing,1993,2(4):429-441.
[25]Unser M.Texture classification and segmentation using waveletframes[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1995,4(11):1549-1560.
[26]Kourosh J K,Hamid S Z.Radon transform orientation estimation forrotation invariant texture analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence,2005,27(6):1004-1008.
[27]Patrick C.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
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