井中地震VSP观测系统正演模拟
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摘要
在分析井中VSP地震观测系统特点的基础上,对观测到的地震波类型和特征作了阐释,分析了几种VSP模型(水平界面模型、倾斜界面模型、变偏移距模型、不同深度检波点模型)的射线追踪记录以及合成记录,利用射线追踪方法进行正演模拟,得到正演结果,并研究地震波的运动学特征。得出一些规律:钻孔穿过地层的数量等于合成记录上上行波和下行波的交点的数量;利用P波进行射线追踪和用转换波追踪其合成记录有差别,即转换波对VSP合成记录有影响;不同倾角的岩层对VSP上行波、下行波的走时特征和能量特征有影响;VSP合成记录的水平分量上会出现反极性现象,这与理论相一致。
Based on analyzing the characteristics of borehole VSP observation system,the authors investigated the types and features of the observed seismic waves,analyzed ray-tracing and composite records of several VSP models(horizontal interface model,oblique interface model,meta-deviation distance model and detection point model),conducted forward modeling by using the ray-tracing method so as to obtain the forward result,and studied kinematic characteristics of the seismic wave.Some regularities have been detected: the number of the strata penetrated by the drill hole is equal to the number of intersecting points between the ascending waves and the descending waves in the composite record;there exist differences between the composite ray-tracing record obtained by utilizing P wave and that obtained by utilizing the transform wave,which shows that the transform wave has some influence on VSP composite record;strata of different dip angles have influence on travel-time features of ascending wave and descending wave as well as the energy characteristics of VSP;there exist reverse polarity phenomenon on the horizontal component of VSP composite record,which is consistent with the theoretical phase.
Based on analyzing the characteristics of borehole VSP observation system,the authors investigated the types and features of the observed seismic waves,analyzed ray-tracing and composite records of several VSP models(horizontal interface model,oblique interface model,meta-deviation distance model and detection point model),conducted forward modeling by using the ray-tracing method so as to obtain the forward result,and studied kinematic characteristics of the seismic wave.Some regularities have been detected: the number of the strata penetrated by the drill hole is equal to the number of intersecting points between the ascending waves and the descending waves in the composite record;there exist differences between the composite ray-tracing record obtained by utilizing P wave and that obtained by utilizing the transform wave,which shows that the transform wave has some influence on VSP composite record;strata of different dip angles have influence on travel-time features of ascending wave and descending wave as well as the energy characteristics of VSP;there exist reverse polarity phenomenon on the horizontal component of VSP composite record,which is consistent with the theoretical phase.
引文
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[2]杜世通.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.
[3]曹务祥.利用VSP资料提取地层参数[J].石油物探,1996,35(3):59-64.
[4]刘海河.准确求取VSP时间—深度关系的探讨[J].测井技术,2004,28(4):289-291.
[5]王玉贵,刘永华.VSP资料中震源子波的分析和处理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(2):60-62.
[6]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(1):1-8.
[7]朱广生,陈传仁,桂志先.勘探地震学教程[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2005.
[8]方家福.RVSP简介[J].地震学刊,1994(2):83-84.
[9]Beydoun W B,Keho T H.The paraxial ray method[J].Geophys-ics,1987,52(12):1639-1653.
[10]Cerveny V,Ravindra R.Theory of seismic head waves[M].TorontoUniv Press,1971.
[11]Cerveny V,Molotkov I A,Psencik I.Ray method in seismology[M].Charles Univ Press,1977.
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