山区公路强震灾害链影响与控制——以映卧公路为例
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摘要
地震可以引发多种灾害链,尤其是强震。震区环境不同,引发的灾害链也不同。汶川特大地震发生后,映秀至卧龙公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重,先后多次中断震中交通生命线,严重影响公路的安全运行和灾后重建。由于山区公路环境具有特殊性,通过对震后映秀至卧龙公路边坡现场调查资料分析,山区公路强震灾害链主要可以分为公路自身系统及其灾害链和公路社会系统及其灾害链,并详细阐述了它们的形成过程和对山区公路环境的深刻影响。在此基础上,针对不同的链式影响提出了不同的灾害防治措施,以求达到断链的目的,将损失最小化。同时也为将来发生强震后山区公路的抢通与恢复重建提供一定的参考。
Earthquake can cause a variety of disaster chains,especially strong earthquakes.Different environments of earthquake region trigger different disaster chains.After the Wenchuan earthquake,there existed severe secondary geological disasters along the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong,and traffic had been snarled,which influenced the highway safe operation and reconstruction seriously.Due to the particularity of mountainous highway environment,through the field survey on the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong after the earthquake,strong earthquake disaster chains of Mountainous highway can be divided into two parts: the highway own system and its disaster chains and highway social system and its disaster chains.On this basis,the formation of disaster chains and their environmental impacts on the mountainous highway and surrounding environments are put forward.In view of the different chain influences,in order to achieve the purpose of broken chains and minimize the losses,different disaster prevention and control measures are given,which provides a certain reference for the rehabilitation of mountainous highway after the earthquake in the future.
Earthquake can cause a variety of disaster chains,especially strong earthquakes.Different environments of earthquake region trigger different disaster chains.After the Wenchuan earthquake,there existed severe secondary geological disasters along the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong,and traffic had been snarled,which influenced the highway safe operation and reconstruction seriously.Due to the particularity of mountainous highway environment,through the field survey on the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong after the earthquake,strong earthquake disaster chains of Mountainous highway can be divided into two parts: the highway own system and its disaster chains and highway social system and its disaster chains.On this basis,the formation of disaster chains and their environmental impacts on the mountainous highway and surrounding environments are put forward.In view of the different chain influences,in order to achieve the purpose of broken chains and minimize the losses,different disaster prevention and control measures are given,which provides a certain reference for the rehabilitation of mountainous highway after the earthquake in the future.
引文
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[4]姚清林.地震灾害链的特征、预测与阻断[C]//中国地震学会第11次学术大会论文摘要集,大理:中国地震学会,2006.
[5]门可佩.重大地震灾害链的时空有序性及其预测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):645-651.
[6]李明,唐红梅,叶四桥.典型地质灾害链式机理研究[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):1-4.
[7]张瑞雪,唐益群,王建秀.地质灾害链的诱发机制及减灾[J].灾害学,2010,25(S0):389.
[8]唐晓春.四川5.12地震灾害链探讨[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1091-1095.
[9]高建国.有关汶川地震灾害链的思考[J].科学对社会的影响,2008(2):38-42.
[10]王春振,陈国阶,谭荣志,等.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害链(网)的初步研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(S0):84-88.
[11]向灵芝,崔鹏,方华.震后灾害链生机制及其对汶川地震城镇重建的影响[J].灾害学,2010,25(S0):278-281.
[12]赵静,姚令侃,焦方辉.汶川8.0级地震路堑墙震害特征及机理分析[J].灾害学,2011,26(1):54-59.
[13]马保成,王亮,牟顺.公路滑坡灾害链式反应阶段性识别方法研究[J].灾害学,2011,26(2):54-58.
[14]程强,吴事贵,苏玉杰.映秀-卧龙公路沿线汶川地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):160-161.
[15]王治华,徐起德,徐斌,等.5.12汶川地震航空遥感应急调查[J].中国科学E辑(技术科学),2009(39):1306-1308.
[16]刘文芳,肖盛燮,隋严春,等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S1):2675-268.
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