塔北地区三叠系沉积特征及油气勘探意义
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摘要
塔北地区120余口井的录井和测井资料综合分析,近2.5×104km二维地震剖面地震相分析和部分三维地震数据体地震振幅属性分析和相干分析表明:塔北地区三叠系主要发育曲流河、辫状河、三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖和深湖6种沉积相。结合区域石油地质条件和沉积演化分析,认为三叠系发育的曲流河和辫状河河道、三角洲的水上分支河道和水下分流河道具备形成岩性圈闭的地质条件,是有利的岩性勘探目标。
According to the logging data and well logging data of 120 wells,the authors analyze the seismic facies of 25 000 kilometers two dimensional seismic sections and analyze seismic attributes of the three dimensional seismic data of the northern Tarim area,using the seismic amplitude attributes,coherence and seismic facies as the main research techniques.Six sedimentary facies developed in the Triassic: meandering river,braided river,delta,littoral-shallow lake,half-deep lake and deep lake.With the comprehensive analysis of oil and gas accumulation and the sedimentary evolution history,the sandbodys of the meandering river channel,braided river channel,aquatic bifurcating channels and subquatic distributary channel in the Triassic are considered to be favorable lithological-prospecting objects.
According to the logging data and well logging data of 120 wells,the authors analyze the seismic facies of 25 000 kilometers two dimensional seismic sections and analyze seismic attributes of the three dimensional seismic data of the northern Tarim area,using the seismic amplitude attributes,coherence and seismic facies as the main research techniques.Six sedimentary facies developed in the Triassic: meandering river,braided river,delta,littoral-shallow lake,half-deep lake and deep lake.With the comprehensive analysis of oil and gas accumulation and the sedimentary evolution history,the sandbodys of the meandering river channel,braided river channel,aquatic bifurcating channels and subquatic distributary channel in the Triassic are considered to be favorable lithological-prospecting objects.
引文
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[5]傅恒,宋杉林,刘海兴.塔北—塔中盆地三叠纪陆相层序地层划分及沉积演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(2):31-46.FU Heng,SONG Shan-lin,LIU Hai-xing.Continentalsequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of theTriassic strata in the North-Central Tarim Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2002,22(2):31-46.
[6]蒲仁海,翟晓先,严华,等.塔河油田典型地震相[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):308-314.PU Ren-hai,ZHAI Xiao-xian,YAN Hua,et al.Typi-cal seismic facies in Tahe Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(3):308-314.
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[9]汪忠德,王新海,王锦芳,等.塔里木盆地轮南油田2、3井区三叠系沉积微相研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(3):66-74.WANG Zhong-de,WANG Xin-hai,WANG Jin-fang,etal.Triassic sedimentary microfacies in the second andthird well fields in Lunnan Oil Field,Tarim Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2008,28(3):66-74.
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[12]欧成华,陈景山.沉积相定量识别中的层次分析方法[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(3):255-259.OU Cheng-hua,CHEN Jing-shan.Hierachic analysismethod used in sedimentary facies quantitative recogni-tion[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1999,20(3):255-259.
[13]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:194-242.LU Ji-meng.Principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:China Petroleum University Press,2006:194-242.
[14]张兴金,徐景祯.沉积相的模糊模式识别方法及其应用[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):32-38.ZHANG Xing-jin,XU Jing-zhen.Fuzzy pattern recog-nition and its application on sedimentary facies[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,1994,15(2):32-38.
[15]王永刚,乐友善,张军华.地震属性分析技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:84-132.WANG Yong-gang,LE You-shan,ZHANG Jun-hua.Methods of seismic attributes analysis[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2007:84-132.
[16]陈常乐,刘洋,刘财,等.局部地震属性识别火山岩体[J].世界地质,2011,30(4):660-665.CHEN Chang-le,LIU Yang,LIU Cai,et al.Volcanicrock recognition by local seismic attribution[J].Glob-al Geology,2011,30(4):660-665.
[17]李飞,程日辉,王共生,等.应用地震属性分析研究十屋油田下白垩统营城组沉积体系分布[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(增):54-60.LI Fei,CHENG Ri-hui,WANG Gong-sheng,et al.Application of seismic attribute analysis to study sedi-mentary systems of the Yingcheng Formation,LowerCretaceous,Shiwu Oilfield[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(Suppl.):54-60.
[18]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-125.HAN Xi,GAO Xing-you,CHE Ting-xin,et al.Usinganalysis of seismic attributes along horizons to study sed-imentary environment of fluvial facies[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-125.
[19]初宏明,王建忠,李海银.英买力地区康村组河道研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):132-135.CHU Hong-ming,WANG Jian-zhong,LI Hai-yin.Study on Kangcun Formation river channel in Yingmailiarea[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(Suppl.1):132-135.
[20]时晓章,金振奎,朱斗银,等.塔北隆起牙哈地区第三系储层特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):138-144.SHI Xiao-zhang,JIN Zhen-kui,ZHU Dou-yin,et al.The Tertiary reservoir characteristics studies in Yaha ar-ea,North Tarim Uplift[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2009,44(Suppl.1):138-144.
[21]金振奎,时晓章,何苗.单河道砂体的识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):572-575.JIN Zhen-kui,SHI Xiao-zhang,HE Miao.Identifica-tion methods for single-channel sand body[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(6):572-575.
[22]刘刚.相干分析技术在曲流河砂体描述中的应用[J].油气地球物理,2005,3(3):38-41.LIU Gang.Application of coherent analysis technique tomeandering river sandbody description[J].PetroleumGeophysics,2005,3(3):38-41.
[23]于建国,林春明,王金铎,等.曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):547-551.YU Jian-guo,LIN Chun-ming,WANG Jin-duo,et al.Seismic identification of meandering channel sedimentarysubfacies[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(5):547-551.
[24]顾家裕,朱筱敏,贾进华,等.塔里木盆地沉积与储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:5-100.GU Jia-yu,ZHU Xiao-min,JIA Jin-hua,et al.Sedi-mentary and reservoir of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:5-100.
[25]韩仁萍,邢德和.辽西地区义县组岩相古地理特征[J].世界地质,2010,29(3):363-371.HAN Ren-ping,XING De-he.Characteristics of litho-facies palaeography of Yixian Formation in western Lia-oning[J].Global Geology,2010,29(3):363-371.
[26]高岩,赵秀岐,张玮,等.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:11-100.GAO Yan,ZHAO Xiu-qi,ZHANG Wei,et al.Se-quence characteristics and non-tectonic trap explorationof Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2003:11-100.
[27]王超,黄智斌,谭泽金.塔里木盆地北部坳陷阿瓦提凹陷三叠系划分对比[J].新疆地质,2008,26(2):133-136.WANG Chao,HUANG Zhi-bin,TAN Ze-jin.TheClassification and correlation of Triassic in Awati sag,north depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2008,26(2):133-136.
[28]张师本,黄智斌,朱怀诚.塔里木盆地覆盖区显生宙地层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:81-178.ZHANG Shi-ben,HUNAG Zhi-bin,ZHU Huai-cheng.The buried strata of Phanerozoic of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:81-178.
[29]旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):249-254.KUANG Li-xiong,GUO Jian-hua,HUANG Tai-zhu.Forming mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoirs of Halaha-tang Formation in Yuqi Block in Akekule Arch,TarimBasin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth ScienceEdition,2008,38(2):249-254.
[2]LIU Chen-sheng,GUO Jian-hua,YIN Qiong.Permiansequence stratigraphy of shallow water basin in Tarim Ba-sin[J].Global Geology,2011,14(4):221-230.(in English)
[3]王方平,王正允,林小云,等.塔北隆起三叠—侏罗系储集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(3):277-286.WANG Fang-ping,WANG Zheng-yun,LIN Xiao-yun,et al.Characteristics of Triassic-Jurassic reservoirs innorthern Tarim Uplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(3):277-286.
[4]张希明,刘青芳.塔北地区辫状三角洲沉积特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(1):21-24.ZHANG Xi-ming,LIU Qing-fang.Depositional charac-teristics of braided river delta in northern Tarim Basin andits significance in petroleum exploration[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,1999,26(1):21-24.
[5]傅恒,宋杉林,刘海兴.塔北—塔中盆地三叠纪陆相层序地层划分及沉积演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(2):31-46.FU Heng,SONG Shan-lin,LIU Hai-xing.Continentalsequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of theTriassic strata in the North-Central Tarim Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2002,22(2):31-46.
[6]蒲仁海,翟晓先,严华,等.塔河油田典型地震相[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):308-314.PU Ren-hai,ZHAI Xiao-xian,YAN Hua,et al.Typi-cal seismic facies in Tahe Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(3):308-314.
[7]庞雯,郑浚茂.轮南地区三叠系辫状河三角洲沉积储层特征[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(1):57-62.PANG Wen,ZHENG Jun-mao.Sedimentary characteris-tics and physical property of braided delta of Triassic inLunnan region[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Uni-versity:Science&Technology Edition,2008,30(1):57-62.
[8]邹元荣,金晓辉,闫相宾.塔河油田三叠系层序地层与沉积相研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2008,23(5):12-15.ZOU Yuan-rong,JIN Xiao-hui,YAN Xiang-bin.Studyon the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of theTriassic in Tahe Oil Field[J].Journal of Xi’an ShiyouUniversity,2008,23(5):12-15.
[9]汪忠德,王新海,王锦芳,等.塔里木盆地轮南油田2、3井区三叠系沉积微相研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(3):66-74.WANG Zhong-de,WANG Xin-hai,WANG Jin-fang,etal.Triassic sedimentary microfacies in the second andthird well fields in Lunnan Oil Field,Tarim Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2008,28(3):66-74.
[10]周玉琦,黎玉战,侯鸿斌.塔里木盆地塔河油田的勘探实践与认识[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(4):363-367.ZHOU Yu-qi,LI Yu-zhan,HOU Hong-bin.The prac-tice and recognition of exploration of Tahe Oil Field,Tarim Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,2001,23(4):363-367.
[11]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学(第三版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:229-403.ZHAO Cheng-lin,ZHU Xiao-min.Sedimentary petrol-ogy(3rd edition)[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2001:229-403.
[12]欧成华,陈景山.沉积相定量识别中的层次分析方法[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(3):255-259.OU Cheng-hua,CHEN Jing-shan.Hierachic analysismethod used in sedimentary facies quantitative recogni-tion[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1999,20(3):255-259.
[13]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:194-242.LU Ji-meng.Principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:China Petroleum University Press,2006:194-242.
[14]张兴金,徐景祯.沉积相的模糊模式识别方法及其应用[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):32-38.ZHANG Xing-jin,XU Jing-zhen.Fuzzy pattern recog-nition and its application on sedimentary facies[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,1994,15(2):32-38.
[15]王永刚,乐友善,张军华.地震属性分析技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:84-132.WANG Yong-gang,LE You-shan,ZHANG Jun-hua.Methods of seismic attributes analysis[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2007:84-132.
[16]陈常乐,刘洋,刘财,等.局部地震属性识别火山岩体[J].世界地质,2011,30(4):660-665.CHEN Chang-le,LIU Yang,LIU Cai,et al.Volcanicrock recognition by local seismic attribution[J].Glob-al Geology,2011,30(4):660-665.
[17]李飞,程日辉,王共生,等.应用地震属性分析研究十屋油田下白垩统营城组沉积体系分布[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(增):54-60.LI Fei,CHENG Ri-hui,WANG Gong-sheng,et al.Application of seismic attribute analysis to study sedi-mentary systems of the Yingcheng Formation,LowerCretaceous,Shiwu Oilfield[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(Suppl.):54-60.
[18]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-125.HAN Xi,GAO Xing-you,CHE Ting-xin,et al.Usinganalysis of seismic attributes along horizons to study sed-imentary environment of fluvial facies[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-125.
[19]初宏明,王建忠,李海银.英买力地区康村组河道研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):132-135.CHU Hong-ming,WANG Jian-zhong,LI Hai-yin.Study on Kangcun Formation river channel in Yingmailiarea[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(Suppl.1):132-135.
[20]时晓章,金振奎,朱斗银,等.塔北隆起牙哈地区第三系储层特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):138-144.SHI Xiao-zhang,JIN Zhen-kui,ZHU Dou-yin,et al.The Tertiary reservoir characteristics studies in Yaha ar-ea,North Tarim Uplift[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2009,44(Suppl.1):138-144.
[21]金振奎,时晓章,何苗.单河道砂体的识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):572-575.JIN Zhen-kui,SHI Xiao-zhang,HE Miao.Identifica-tion methods for single-channel sand body[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(6):572-575.
[22]刘刚.相干分析技术在曲流河砂体描述中的应用[J].油气地球物理,2005,3(3):38-41.LIU Gang.Application of coherent analysis technique tomeandering river sandbody description[J].PetroleumGeophysics,2005,3(3):38-41.
[23]于建国,林春明,王金铎,等.曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):547-551.YU Jian-guo,LIN Chun-ming,WANG Jin-duo,et al.Seismic identification of meandering channel sedimentarysubfacies[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(5):547-551.
[24]顾家裕,朱筱敏,贾进华,等.塔里木盆地沉积与储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:5-100.GU Jia-yu,ZHU Xiao-min,JIA Jin-hua,et al.Sedi-mentary and reservoir of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:5-100.
[25]韩仁萍,邢德和.辽西地区义县组岩相古地理特征[J].世界地质,2010,29(3):363-371.HAN Ren-ping,XING De-he.Characteristics of litho-facies palaeography of Yixian Formation in western Lia-oning[J].Global Geology,2010,29(3):363-371.
[26]高岩,赵秀岐,张玮,等.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:11-100.GAO Yan,ZHAO Xiu-qi,ZHANG Wei,et al.Se-quence characteristics and non-tectonic trap explorationof Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2003:11-100.
[27]王超,黄智斌,谭泽金.塔里木盆地北部坳陷阿瓦提凹陷三叠系划分对比[J].新疆地质,2008,26(2):133-136.WANG Chao,HUANG Zhi-bin,TAN Ze-jin.TheClassification and correlation of Triassic in Awati sag,north depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2008,26(2):133-136.
[28]张师本,黄智斌,朱怀诚.塔里木盆地覆盖区显生宙地层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:81-178.ZHANG Shi-ben,HUNAG Zhi-bin,ZHU Huai-cheng.The buried strata of Phanerozoic of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:81-178.
[29]旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):249-254.KUANG Li-xiong,GUO Jian-hua,HUANG Tai-zhu.Forming mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoirs of Halaha-tang Formation in Yuqi Block in Akekule Arch,TarimBasin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth ScienceEdition,2008,38(2):249-254.
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