利用不同方法估算流动台站的场地响应
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摘要
本文以2003年7月21日云南大姚6.2级地震序列为例,分别利用地面运动反演法(Moya方法)、水平与垂直向之比法(Nakamura方法)和参考台站法研究大姚地区场地响应特征。主要结论有:①Moya方法计算的场地响应结果表明,大姚地区场地的放大作用是比较明显的,平均在3～20倍,最高达到40倍;卓越频率位于3～6Hz之间,但在高频处(约10Hz以上)场地响应衰减得比较明显;不同岩性台基的台站,其场地响应结果存在一定的差别,台基为风化砾岩的场地响应结果比较平缓,其场地响应值比台基为土层的其他台站小一些。②入射角在40°以上和以下范围,Nakamura方法得到的场地响应形态有差异,但在各自范围内,场地响应与入射角的依赖关系不明显。③利用同一台站不同时间记录到的地震资料,由三种方法各自得到的场地响应都具有较好的稳定性;由于垂直分量仍具有放大作用(在10Hz以下),Moya的结果大于Nakaruma的结果,但两者形态上一致性较好;参考台站法由于受参考台站的影响,计算得到的场地响应形态和其他两种方法差异较大。④Moya方法是依赖于震源模型的方法,它能给出绝对的场地响应值,其它两种方法的结果是一种相对场地响应,受参考对象的影响较大。
Site response characteristics in Dayao area were analyzed using various methods such as ground-motion-inversion method(Moya's method)and horizontal-to-vertical-spectral ratio(Nakamura's method)and reference-site method,using the records of earthquake sequences of the 21 July 2003 Dayao(M6.2),Yunnan province.Our results show that ① Site response results by Moya's method indicate that the site amplifications in the Dayao area are apparent,between 3 and 20 times,up to 40 times at the most.The dominant frequency is between 3 and 6 Hz,but the site responses decay very fast at the high frequency(≥10 Hz).There are some differences among the site responses for the stations with different rock base.Site responses appear more flat for the stations with efflorescent conglomerate base and their values are smaller than other stations with soil base.② Site responses by Nakamura's method with the angle of incidence bigger or smaller than 40°appear to be different,but with no obvious dependence on the angle of incidence in its own ranges.③ Site responses by these three methods with the seismic data recorded by the same station in different times appear to have good stability.Site responses by Moya's method are bigger than that of Nakamura's method at the frequency <10 Hz due to the existing of amplification in the vertical component,but their forms are coherent.④ Moya's method is a source-dependent approach to estimate absolute site effects and the other two methods are reference-dependent approaches to obtain relative site effects and are deeply affected by the reference site.
Site response characteristics in Dayao area were analyzed using various methods such as ground-motion-inversion method(Moya's method)and horizontal-to-vertical-spectral ratio(Nakamura's method)and reference-site method,using the records of earthquake sequences of the 21 July 2003 Dayao(M6.2),Yunnan province.Our results show that ① Site response results by Moya's method indicate that the site amplifications in the Dayao area are apparent,between 3 and 20 times,up to 40 times at the most.The dominant frequency is between 3 and 6 Hz,but the site responses decay very fast at the high frequency(≥10 Hz).There are some differences among the site responses for the stations with different rock base.Site responses appear more flat for the stations with efflorescent conglomerate base and their values are smaller than other stations with soil base.② Site responses by Nakamura's method with the angle of incidence bigger or smaller than 40°appear to be different,but with no obvious dependence on the angle of incidence in its own ranges.③ Site responses by these three methods with the seismic data recorded by the same station in different times appear to have good stability.Site responses by Moya's method are bigger than that of Nakamura's method at the frequency <10 Hz due to the existing of amplification in the vertical component,but their forms are coherent.④ Moya's method is a source-dependent approach to estimate absolute site effects and the other two methods are reference-dependent approaches to obtain relative site effects and are deeply affected by the reference site.
引文
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[28]华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,等.2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):10-23.
[29]Papageorgiou A S and Aki K.Aspecific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomoge-neous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion,partⅡ:Applications of the model[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1983,73(4):953-978.
[30]Yoshimoto K,Sato H,Yoshihisa I,et al.Frequency-dependent attenuation of P and S waves in the Kanto area,Japan,based on the coda-normalization method[J].Geophys J Int,1993,114:165-174.
[31]Chung T W,Sato H.Attenuation of high-frequency P and S waves in the crust of Southeastern Ko-rea[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2001,91(6):1867-1874.
[32]Satoh T,Kawase H,Sato T.Evaluation of local site effects and their removal fromborehole records observed in the Sendai region,Japan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1995,85(6):1770-1789.
[33]Lachet D,Hatzfeld C,Bard P Y,et al.Site effects and microzonation in the city of Thessaloniki(Grece):comparison of different approaches[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86(6):1692-1703.
[34]Theodulidis N,Archuleta RJ,Bard P Y,et al.Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio and geological conditions:the case of Garner Valley downhole array in southern California[J].Bull Seism Soc A-mer,1996,86(2):306-319.
[35]Bonilla L F,Steidl J H,Lindley G T,et al.Site amplificationin the San Fernando Valley,Califor-nia:variability of site-effect estimation using the S-wave,coda,and H/V methods[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1997,87(3):710-730.
[36]Dimitriu P P,Papaioannou C A,Theodulidis N P.EUROSEISTEST strong-motion array near Thessaloniki,northern Greece:a study of site effects[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1998,88(3):862-873.
[37]Tsuboi S,Saito M,Ishihara Y.Verification of horizontal to vertical spectral ratio technique for esti-mation of site response using borehole seismographs[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2001,91(3):499-510.
[38]Castro R R,Pacor F,Bindi D,et al.Site Response of Strong Motion Stations in the Umbria,Cen-tral Italy,Region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2004,94(2):576-590.
[39]Malagnini L,Mayeda K,Akinci A,et al.Estimating Absolute Site Effects[J].Bull Seism Soc A-mer,2004,94(4):1343-1352.
[40]Matsunami K,Zhang WB,Irikura K,et al.Estimation of Seismic Site Response in the Tangshan Area,China,Using Deep Underground Records[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2003,93:1065-1078.
[41]Anderson J G,Hough S.A model for the shape of the Fourier amplitude spectrumof acceleration at high frequencies[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1984,74(5):1969-1994.
[42]Steidl J H,Tumarkin A G,Archuleta R J.What is a reference site-[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86:1733-1748.
[2]Moya C A,Aguirre J,Irikura K.Inversion of source parameters and site effects fromstrong ground motion records using genetic algorithms[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2000,90(4):977-992.
[3]Jin A,Moya C A,Ando M.Simultaneous determination of site response and source parameters of small earthquakes along the Atotsugawa fault zone[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2000,90(6):1430-1445.
[4]Nakamura Y A.Method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface[J].QR Rail way Tech Res Inst,1989,30:25-33.
[5]Onder C K,SinanI N.Acomparative study onthe actual and estimated seismic response of Kiralkizi Damin Turkey[J].J earthqu eng,2005,9:445-460.
[6]Borcherdt R D.Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1970,60:29-61.
[7]Boore D M,Joyner WB.Site amplications for generic rock sites[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1997,87(2):327-341.
[8]Boore D M.Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method[J].Pure and Applied Geo-physics,2003,160:635-675.
[9]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic waves fromearthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,1970,75:4997-5009.
[10]Brune J N.Correction[J].J Geophys Res,1971,76:5002.
[11]Atkinson G M,Mereu R F.The shape of ground motion attenuation curves in Southeastern Canada[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1992,82:2014-2031.
[12]Lermo J F,Francisco S,Chavez-Garcia J.Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1993,83(5):1574-1594.
[13]Field E H,Jacob K H.Acomparison and test of various site response estimation techniques,inclu-ding three that are non reference-site dependent[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1995,85(4):991-1005.
[14]Castro R R,Pacor F,Sala A,et al.S wave attenuation and site effects in the region of Friuli,Italy[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101:22355-22369.
[15]Castro R R,RESNOM Working Group.P and S-wave site response of the seismic network RESN-OMdetermined from earthquakes of Northern Baja California,Mexico[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1998,1052:125-138.
[16]Bard P Y.Microtremors measurements a tool for site effect estimation-[A].ESG98symposium[C],1998.
[17]陶夏新,刘曾武,郭明珠,等.工程场地条件评定中的地脉动研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):18-23.
[18]Andrews DJ.Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different size[J].Geophysical Monographs,1986,37(6):259-267.
[19]Parolai S,Bindi D,Baumbach M,et al.Comparison of Different Site Response Estimation Tech-niques Using Aftershocks of the1999Izmit Earthquake[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,2004,94:1096-1108.
[20]Tsujiura M.Spectral analysis of the coda waves fromlocal earthquakes[J].Bull Earthquake Inst Univ Tokyo,1978,53:1-48.
[21]Phillips WS,Aki K.Site amplification of coda waves fromlocal earthquakes in central California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1986,76:627-648.
[22]Margheriti L,Wennerberg L,Boatwright J.Acomparison of coda and S-wave spectral ratios as esti-mates of site response in the southern San Francisco Bay Area[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1994,84:1815-1830.
[23]Su F,Aki K.Site amplificationfactor in central and southern California determined fromcoda waves[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1995,85:452-466.
[24]Jin A,Fukuyama E.Seismic Energy for Shallow Earthquakes in Southwest Japan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2005,95:1314-1333.
[25]张天中,马云生,张焕生,等.震源谱的尾波多台多震综合求解方法[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(5):702-709.
[26]张天中,马云生,黄蓉良.震源、衰减和场地因子的单台尾波解法[J].地震学报,1998,20(2):137-143.
[27]Aki K,Chouet B.Origin of coda waves:source,attenuation and scattering effects[J].J Geophys Res,1975,80:3322-3342.
[28]华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,等.2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):10-23.
[29]Papageorgiou A S and Aki K.Aspecific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomoge-neous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion,partⅡ:Applications of the model[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1983,73(4):953-978.
[30]Yoshimoto K,Sato H,Yoshihisa I,et al.Frequency-dependent attenuation of P and S waves in the Kanto area,Japan,based on the coda-normalization method[J].Geophys J Int,1993,114:165-174.
[31]Chung T W,Sato H.Attenuation of high-frequency P and S waves in the crust of Southeastern Ko-rea[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2001,91(6):1867-1874.
[32]Satoh T,Kawase H,Sato T.Evaluation of local site effects and their removal fromborehole records observed in the Sendai region,Japan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1995,85(6):1770-1789.
[33]Lachet D,Hatzfeld C,Bard P Y,et al.Site effects and microzonation in the city of Thessaloniki(Grece):comparison of different approaches[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86(6):1692-1703.
[34]Theodulidis N,Archuleta RJ,Bard P Y,et al.Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio and geological conditions:the case of Garner Valley downhole array in southern California[J].Bull Seism Soc A-mer,1996,86(2):306-319.
[35]Bonilla L F,Steidl J H,Lindley G T,et al.Site amplificationin the San Fernando Valley,Califor-nia:variability of site-effect estimation using the S-wave,coda,and H/V methods[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1997,87(3):710-730.
[36]Dimitriu P P,Papaioannou C A,Theodulidis N P.EUROSEISTEST strong-motion array near Thessaloniki,northern Greece:a study of site effects[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,1998,88(3):862-873.
[37]Tsuboi S,Saito M,Ishihara Y.Verification of horizontal to vertical spectral ratio technique for esti-mation of site response using borehole seismographs[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2001,91(3):499-510.
[38]Castro R R,Pacor F,Bindi D,et al.Site Response of Strong Motion Stations in the Umbria,Cen-tral Italy,Region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2004,94(2):576-590.
[39]Malagnini L,Mayeda K,Akinci A,et al.Estimating Absolute Site Effects[J].Bull Seism Soc A-mer,2004,94(4):1343-1352.
[40]Matsunami K,Zhang WB,Irikura K,et al.Estimation of Seismic Site Response in the Tangshan Area,China,Using Deep Underground Records[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2003,93:1065-1078.
[41]Anderson J G,Hough S.A model for the shape of the Fourier amplitude spectrumof acceleration at high frequencies[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1984,74(5):1969-1994.
[42]Steidl J H,Tumarkin A G,Archuleta R J.What is a reference site-[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86:1733-1748.
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