近断层竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比值特征
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摘要
显著的竖向地震动是近断层地震动区别于远场地震动的重要特征之一,为更合理地确定竖向地震动作用,研究了近断层区域竖向地震动的反应谱特征及其与水平向反应谱比值的影响因素.首先,选取1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5.4—7.6之间的18次地震的地震动记录,研究竖向地震加速度反应谱及其与水平向加速度反应谱比值特征;然后统计分析了断层距、场地条件、震级以及断层机制对竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比的影响.结果表明,一般情况下竖向加速度具有更丰富的短周期分量,并且竖向加速度反应谱衰减较慢;断层距在20km以内的近断层区域、软弱土层场地、中等震级地震和逆断层大震级中长周期范围等条件下,具有较大的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比值;在近断层区域的结构抗震设计中应充分考虑竖向地震动的影响.
Prominent vertical ground motion is one of the important characteristics of near-fault ground motions. The characteristics of vertical acceleration response spectra and the ratio of vertical to horizontal spectrum were investigated to provide essential references for rational determination of the vertical seismic action. Recordings of 18 worldwide earthquakes of magnitude 5.4—7.6 during 1952—1999 were used in the investigation. The influence of the distance to fault rupture,site condition,magnitude and focal mechanism on the response spectrum ratio was also discussed based on these records. The results indicate that vertical response spectra contain more abundant short period components and show slower attenuation as compared with horizontal ones. Large response spectrum ratio appears in the regions within 20 km from a fault rupture,with soft soil condition or within medium-to long-period range of moderate-size and large earthquakes with reverse fault. The influence of vertical seismic motion should be taken into full consideration in earthquake resistant design of structures in near-fault regions.
Prominent vertical ground motion is one of the important characteristics of near-fault ground motions. The characteristics of vertical acceleration response spectra and the ratio of vertical to horizontal spectrum were investigated to provide essential references for rational determination of the vertical seismic action. Recordings of 18 worldwide earthquakes of magnitude 5.4—7.6 during 1952—1999 were used in the investigation. The influence of the distance to fault rupture,site condition,magnitude and focal mechanism on the response spectrum ratio was also discussed based on these records. The results indicate that vertical response spectra contain more abundant short period components and show slower attenuation as compared with horizontal ones. Large response spectrum ratio appears in the regions within 20 km from a fault rupture,with soft soil condition or within medium-to long-period range of moderate-size and large earthquakes with reverse fault. The influence of vertical seismic motion should be taken into full consideration in earthquake resistant design of structures in near-fault regions.
引文
贺秋梅,闫维明,董娣,徐国栋,高丽霞.2006.震源机制和场地条件对近场强震地面运动特性的影响[J].地震研究,29(3):256-263.
霍俊荣,胡聿贤.1992.地震动峰值参数衰减规律的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,12(2):1-11.
倪永军,朱[2].2004.近断层地震动的加速度峰值比和反应谱分析[J].北方交通大学学报,28(4):1-5.
王国权.2001.921台湾集集地震的近断层地面运动特征[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所:106-108.
周正华,周雍年,卢滔,杨程.2003.竖向地震动特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,23(3):25-29.
Ambraseys N N,Bommer J J.1991.The attenuation of ground accelerations in Europe[J].Earthquake Engng StructDyn,20(12):1179-1202.
Ambraseys N N,Douglas J.2003.Near-field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions[J].Soil Dyn EarthuqEng,23(1):1-18.
Bertero V V,Mahin S A,Hrrera R A.1978.Aseismic designi mplications of near-fault San Fernando earthquake records[J].Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn,6(1):31-42.
Boore D M,Joyner WB,Fumal T E.1993.Esti mation of response spectra and peak accelerations from western northAmerican earthquake:Aninteri mreport[R]∥Open-File Report93-509.United States Geological Survey,Denver:USA.California US Geological Survey:2-3.
Boore D M,Joyner WB,Fumal T E.1997.Equations for esti mation horizontal response spectra and peak accelerationfrom Wstern North American earthquakes:Asummary of recent work[J].SeismRes Lett,68(1):128-153.
Bozorgnia Y,Niazi M.1995.Characteristics of free field vertical ground motion during the Northridge earthquake[J]Earthquake Spectra,11(4):515-525.
Bozorgnia Y,Campbell K W.2004.The vertical-to-horizontal response spectra ratio and tentative procedures for develo-ping si mplifiedV/Hvertical design spectra[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,8(2):175-207.
Campbell K W.1989.The dependence of peak horizontal acceleration on magnitude,distance,and site effects for small-magnitude earthquakes in California and eastern north America[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,78(5):1311-1346.
Chouw N,Hirose S.1999.Behavior of a frame structure during near source earthquake[C]∥Proceedings of4th Euro-pean Conference on Structural Dynamics.Holland:Balkema:1191-1196.
Dimitriu P,Kalogeras I,Theodulidis N.1999.Evidence of nonlinear site response in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratiofromnear-field earthquakes[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,18(6):423-435.
Papazoglou AJ,Elnashai A S.1996.Analytical and fileld evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake groundmotion[J].Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn,25:1109-1137.
Somerville P G.2002.Characterizing near fault ground motion for the design and evaluation of bridges[C]∥Proceedingsofthe3th National Seismic Conference and Workshop on Bridges and Highways.New York:State University ofNew York at Buffalo:137-148.
霍俊荣,胡聿贤.1992.地震动峰值参数衰减规律的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,12(2):1-11.
倪永军,朱[2].2004.近断层地震动的加速度峰值比和反应谱分析[J].北方交通大学学报,28(4):1-5.
王国权.2001.921台湾集集地震的近断层地面运动特征[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所:106-108.
周正华,周雍年,卢滔,杨程.2003.竖向地震动特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,23(3):25-29.
Ambraseys N N,Bommer J J.1991.The attenuation of ground accelerations in Europe[J].Earthquake Engng StructDyn,20(12):1179-1202.
Ambraseys N N,Douglas J.2003.Near-field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions[J].Soil Dyn EarthuqEng,23(1):1-18.
Bertero V V,Mahin S A,Hrrera R A.1978.Aseismic designi mplications of near-fault San Fernando earthquake records[J].Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn,6(1):31-42.
Boore D M,Joyner WB,Fumal T E.1993.Esti mation of response spectra and peak accelerations from western northAmerican earthquake:Aninteri mreport[R]∥Open-File Report93-509.United States Geological Survey,Denver:USA.California US Geological Survey:2-3.
Boore D M,Joyner WB,Fumal T E.1997.Equations for esti mation horizontal response spectra and peak accelerationfrom Wstern North American earthquakes:Asummary of recent work[J].SeismRes Lett,68(1):128-153.
Bozorgnia Y,Niazi M.1995.Characteristics of free field vertical ground motion during the Northridge earthquake[J]Earthquake Spectra,11(4):515-525.
Bozorgnia Y,Campbell K W.2004.The vertical-to-horizontal response spectra ratio and tentative procedures for develo-ping si mplifiedV/Hvertical design spectra[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,8(2):175-207.
Campbell K W.1989.The dependence of peak horizontal acceleration on magnitude,distance,and site effects for small-magnitude earthquakes in California and eastern north America[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,78(5):1311-1346.
Chouw N,Hirose S.1999.Behavior of a frame structure during near source earthquake[C]∥Proceedings of4th Euro-pean Conference on Structural Dynamics.Holland:Balkema:1191-1196.
Dimitriu P,Kalogeras I,Theodulidis N.1999.Evidence of nonlinear site response in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratiofromnear-field earthquakes[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,18(6):423-435.
Papazoglou AJ,Elnashai A S.1996.Analytical and fileld evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake groundmotion[J].Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn,25:1109-1137.
Somerville P G.2002.Characterizing near fault ground motion for the design and evaluation of bridges[C]∥Proceedingsofthe3th National Seismic Conference and Workshop on Bridges and Highways.New York:State University ofNew York at Buffalo:137-148.
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