精密控制机械震源特征及信号检测方法
摘要
基于精密控制机械震源(ACROSS)信号与石油工业上的常规可控震源的特征差异,对ACROSS信号进行互相关、短时相关、相干和反褶积等四种方法处理分析,并分别从重复性、走时剖面、频谱特征以及信噪比等方面对处理结果进行对比分析研究。结果表明:互相关方法处理结果稳定性好,能较好地突出高能量频率成分,但不适用于在频谱特征里能量相差较大的窄带信号分析;ACROSS信号与环境背景噪声在频谱上有重叠,短时相关法会放大噪声的作用,其效果较相干和反褶积法显得略差一些;信噪比对相干和反褶积法处理结果的稳定性影响较大,相干和反褶积法适合于具有一定信噪比的ACROSS信号检测分析。
Based on the different characteristics of the conventional vibroseis with accurately controlled routinely operated signal system(ACROSS),the ACROSS signal was processed by the cross-correlation,short-window correlation,cross-coherence and deconvolution.The comparative analysis on the processing results was carried out from repeatability,travel time profile,spectral characteristics,and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The results show that the cross-correlation method is characterized by good stability of processing results and can highlight the high-energy frequency components,but it is not applicable for analysis of the narrow frequency band signal with much difference in power spectral characteristics.There is an overlap in the spectrum of ACROSS signal and the ambient background noise.Short-window correlation can enlarge the role of the noise,and the effect of the processing is less than cross-coherence and deconvolution.The SNR has a great impact on the processing results of cross-coherence and deconvolution.The cross-coherence and deconvolution method are suitable for ACROSS signal detection with a certain SNR.
Based on the different characteristics of the conventional vibroseis with accurately controlled routinely operated signal system(ACROSS),the ACROSS signal was processed by the cross-correlation,short-window correlation,cross-coherence and deconvolution.The comparative analysis on the processing results was carried out from repeatability,travel time profile,spectral characteristics,and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The results show that the cross-correlation method is characterized by good stability of processing results and can highlight the high-energy frequency components,but it is not applicable for analysis of the narrow frequency band signal with much difference in power spectral characteristics.There is an overlap in the spectrum of ACROSS signal and the ambient background noise.Short-window correlation can enlarge the role of the noise,and the effect of the processing is less than cross-coherence and deconvolution.The SNR has a great impact on the processing results of cross-coherence and deconvolution.The cross-coherence and deconvolution method are suitable for ACROSS signal detection with a certain SNR.
引文
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[4]IKUTA R,YAMAOKA K,MIYAKAWA K,et a1.Con-tinuous monitoring of Propagation velocity of seismic waveusing ACROSS[J].Geophys Res Lett,2002,29(13):1627.
[5]IKUTA R,YAMAOKA K.Temporal variation in theshear wave anisotropy detected using the accurately con-trolled routinely operated signal system[J].J GeophysRes,2004,109:B09305.
[6]SAIGA Atsushi,YAMAOKA Koshun,KUNITOMO Taka-hiro,et al.Continuous observation of seismic wave veloc-ity and apparent velocity using a precise seismic array andACROSS seismic source[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:993-1005.
[7]杨微,葛洪魁,王宝善,等.由精密控制人工震源监测到的绵竹5.6级地震前后波速变化[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1149-1157.YANG Wei,GE Hong-kui,WANG Bao-shan,et al.Ve-locity changes observed by the precisely controlled activesource for the Mianzhu MS 5.6 earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,53(5):1149-1157.
[8]LI Zhi-wei,YOU Qing-yu,NI Si-dao,et al.Waveform retrieval and phase identification for seismic data from the CASS experiment[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2012.
[9]KARAGEORGI E,CLYMER R,McEvilly T V.Seismo-logical studies at Parkfield(Ⅱ):search for temporal vari-ations in wave propagation using Vibroseis[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1992,82:1388-1415.
[10]KORNEEV V A,MCEVILLY T V,KARAGEORGI E D.Seismological studies at Parkfield(Ⅷ):modeling the observed controlled-source waveform changes[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,2000,90:702-708.
[11]NIU Fenglin,SILVER Paul G,DALEY Thomas M,et al.Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site[J].nature,2008,454,doi:10.1038/nature07111.
[12]WANG B S,ZHU P,CHEN Y,et al.Continuous sub-surface velocity measurement with coda wave interferom-etry[J].J Geophys Res,2008,113,B12313,doi:10.1029/2007JB005023.
[13]REASENBERG P,AKI K.A precise,continuous meas-urement of seismic velocity for monitoring in situ stress[J].J Geophys Res,1974,79:399-406.
[14]SILVER Paul G,DALEY Thomas M,NIU FengLin,et al.Active source monitoring of cross-well seismic travel time for stress-induced changes[J].Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,2007,97(1B):281-293.
[15]BRITTLE Katherine F,LINES Laurence R,DEY Ayon K.Vibroseis deconvolution:a synthetic comparison of cross correlation and frequency domain sweep deconvolu-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2001,49:675-686.
[16]BENSEN G D,RITZWOLLER M H,BARMIN M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain relia-ble broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,169:1239-1260.
[17]NORIMITSU Nakata,ROEL Snieder,TAKESHI Tsuji,et al.Shear wave imaging from traffic noise using seis-mic interferometry by cross-coherence[J].Geophysics,2011,76(6):97-106.
[18]CARTER G.Coherence and time delay estimation[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1987,75:236-255.
[19]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路:高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[20]林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.大容量气枪震源特征及深部介质中传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):206-212.LIN Jian-min,WANG Bao-shan,GE Hong-kui,et al.Study on large volume airgun source characteristics and seismic phase analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys-ics(in Chinese),2008,51(1):206-212.
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