复杂地区可控震源高效采集技术
|
摘要
中国西部地区地表多以戈壁沙漠为主,非常适合可控震源施工,随着油气勘探和开发的不断深入,高密度、宽方位或全方位三维地震勘探技术被大量应用,随之带来巨大的成本压力。阐述了可控震源从传统的多台多次组合激发,逐步发展形成的拆分振次技术、交替扫描技术、滑动扫描技术、拆分台次技术、谐波压制技术。这些技术突破了可控震源传统的扫描方法,通过相互结合,联合应用,生产效率大大提高,单炮激发成本大幅降低,很好地解决了高密度地震勘探的成本问题,有效推动了西部复杂探区高密度、高覆盖、全方位三维地震勘探技术的推广应用。2005年以来,在对可控震源激发参数进行大量研究和试验基础上,逐步形成了可控震源经济、高效的激发技术和参数优化方法。在TH盆地致密砂岩油气藏勘探中,不仅中浅层信噪比明显提高,同相轴连续性明显增强,同时深层以及煤下和层间弱反射层的信噪比也有较大提高,进一步推动了西部盆地致密砂岩油气藏的勘探进程。
The surface landforms are mainly Gobi and desert in western China,which makes it suitable for vibroseis tasks.The basins in western China are rich in oil and gas.With the further development of oilfield E & P,the technique of high-density, wide-range and 3D seismic survey has been widely applied and brings heavy cost press.Therefore,it is very necessary to find out vibroseis acquisition techniques with high efficiency and low cost.The paper elaborates the advancement of the techniques from conventional multiple vibroseis combination acquisition to split sweep,alternate sweep,slip sweep,split vibroseis array and harmonic attenuation.These techniques surpass the conventional sweep method of vibroseis.And the combination of these techniques greatly improved the production efficiency.Thus,the cost of per shot was greatly reduced.It also reduces the cost of high-density seismic exploration and promotes the application of high-density,multiple coverage,omnibearing 3D seismic exploration technique.Since 2005,the Tuha Bureau of BGP has gradually developed the cheapest and highly efficient acquisition method and parameter optimization method of vibroseis based on a lot of researches and field tests of vibroseis acquisition parameters.During the exploration of tight sand reservoir in TH basin,the signal-to-noise ratio has improved and the continuity of event has strengthened obviously in middle-shallow layer.Meanwhile,the signal-to-noise ratio of deep layer, layer under the coal and weak reflection layer of interlayer has improved greatly.It promotes the exploration process of tight sand reservoir in western basins.
The surface landforms are mainly Gobi and desert in western China,which makes it suitable for vibroseis tasks.The basins in western China are rich in oil and gas.With the further development of oilfield E & P,the technique of high-density, wide-range and 3D seismic survey has been widely applied and brings heavy cost press.Therefore,it is very necessary to find out vibroseis acquisition techniques with high efficiency and low cost.The paper elaborates the advancement of the techniques from conventional multiple vibroseis combination acquisition to split sweep,alternate sweep,slip sweep,split vibroseis array and harmonic attenuation.These techniques surpass the conventional sweep method of vibroseis.And the combination of these techniques greatly improved the production efficiency.Thus,the cost of per shot was greatly reduced.It also reduces the cost of high-density seismic exploration and promotes the application of high-density,multiple coverage,omnibearing 3D seismic exploration technique.Since 2005,the Tuha Bureau of BGP has gradually developed the cheapest and highly efficient acquisition method and parameter optimization method of vibroseis based on a lot of researches and field tests of vibroseis acquisition parameters.During the exploration of tight sand reservoir in TH basin,the signal-to-noise ratio has improved and the continuity of event has strengthened obviously in middle-shallow layer.Meanwhile,the signal-to-noise ratio of deep layer, layer under the coal and weak reflection layer of interlayer has improved greatly.It promotes the exploration process of tight sand reservoir in western basins.
引文
[1]袁明生,梁世君,燕列灿,等.吐哈盆地油气地质与勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[2]张卫平,杨志国,陈昌旭,等.海上原始地震资料干扰波的形成与识别[J].中国石油勘探,201I,16(4): 65-69. Zhang Weiping,Yang Zhiguo,Chen Changxu,et al.Formation and identification of offshore original seismic data interference wave[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2011,16(4):65-69.
[3]吴希光,李亚林,张孟,等.复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(一)——表层散射波是导致地震资料低信噪比的根本原因[J].天然气工业,2012,32(1): 27-32. Wu Xiguang,Li Yalin,Zhang Meng,et al.Causes of and solutions to a low signal to noise ratio of seismic data in complex areas,PartⅠ:Scattering of surface wave resulting in low signal to noise ratio of seismic data[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(1):27-32.
[4]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[5]Cooper N.A world of reality-designing land 3D programs for signal,noise,and prestack migration:Part 1 of a 2-part tutorial[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(10): 1007-1014.
[6]Cooper N.A world of reality-designing land 3D programs for signal,noise,and prestack migration:Part 2 of a 2-part tutorial[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(12): 1230-1235.
[7]R E谢里夫,LP吉尔达特.勘探地震学[M].初英,李承楚,王宏伟,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[8]陶知非.可控震源应用方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[9]M B什内尔索纳.可控震源地震勘探[M].李乐天,裘慰庭,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[10]白旭明,唐传章,孙毅,等.可控震源组合方向对地震采集资料的影响分析[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(3): 42-46. Bai Xuming,Tang Chuanzhang,Sun Yi,et al.Influence of vibrator's combined direction on seismic acquisition da- ta[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(3):42-46.
[11]Huang Xianguo,An Shujie,Wang Xinquan,et al.Application of splitting vibroseis sweeps to different VPs in 3-D seismic exploration[C].2006 SEG Annual Meeting.New Orleans:SEG,2006.
[12]黄显国,孟银龙.经济高效的可控震源地震勘探方法[C]//中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集.成都:中国地球物理学会,2006.
[13]黄显国,安树杰,王新全.一种可控震源拆分振次激发方法:中国,200610083879[P].2007-12-12.
[14]王新全,宋卫平,蓝益军,等.KZ34重型震源滑动扫描技术在致密砂岩气藏目标勘探中的应用[C]//2012年哈尔滨物探技术研讨会论文集.哈尔滨:中国石油学会物探专业委员会,2012.
[15]魏铁,张慕刚,汪长辉,等.可控震源高效采集技术及在国际项目中的应用[J].石油科技论坛,2012,31(2): 7-10. Wei Tie,Zhang Mugang,Wang Changhui,et al.High-productivity vibroseis techniques and their application in international seismic projects[J].Oil Forum,2012, 31(2):7-10.
[16]王井富,徐学峰,关业志.可控震源高效采集技术简介及对装备的需求[J].物探装备,2010,20(2):106-109. Wang Jingfu,Xu Xuefeng,Guan Yezhi.High efficient vibrator acquisition technology introduction and the demand for equipment[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 2010,20(2):106-109.
[17]刘金中,马铁荣.可控震源的发展状况[J].石油科技论坛,2008,27(5):38-42. Liu Jingzhong,Ma Tierong.Development situation in vibroseis acquisition[J].Oil Forum,2008,27(5):38-42.
[18]倪宇东,王井富,马涛,等.可控震源地震采集技术的进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):349-356. Ni Yudong,Wang Jingfu,Ma Tao,et al.Advances in vibroseis acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011,46(3):349-356.
[2]张卫平,杨志国,陈昌旭,等.海上原始地震资料干扰波的形成与识别[J].中国石油勘探,201I,16(4): 65-69. Zhang Weiping,Yang Zhiguo,Chen Changxu,et al.Formation and identification of offshore original seismic data interference wave[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2011,16(4):65-69.
[3]吴希光,李亚林,张孟,等.复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(一)——表层散射波是导致地震资料低信噪比的根本原因[J].天然气工业,2012,32(1): 27-32. Wu Xiguang,Li Yalin,Zhang Meng,et al.Causes of and solutions to a low signal to noise ratio of seismic data in complex areas,PartⅠ:Scattering of surface wave resulting in low signal to noise ratio of seismic data[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(1):27-32.
[4]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[5]Cooper N.A world of reality-designing land 3D programs for signal,noise,and prestack migration:Part 1 of a 2-part tutorial[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(10): 1007-1014.
[6]Cooper N.A world of reality-designing land 3D programs for signal,noise,and prestack migration:Part 2 of a 2-part tutorial[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(12): 1230-1235.
[7]R E谢里夫,LP吉尔达特.勘探地震学[M].初英,李承楚,王宏伟,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[8]陶知非.可控震源应用方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[9]M B什内尔索纳.可控震源地震勘探[M].李乐天,裘慰庭,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[10]白旭明,唐传章,孙毅,等.可控震源组合方向对地震采集资料的影响分析[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(3): 42-46. Bai Xuming,Tang Chuanzhang,Sun Yi,et al.Influence of vibrator's combined direction on seismic acquisition da- ta[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(3):42-46.
[11]Huang Xianguo,An Shujie,Wang Xinquan,et al.Application of splitting vibroseis sweeps to different VPs in 3-D seismic exploration[C].2006 SEG Annual Meeting.New Orleans:SEG,2006.
[12]黄显国,孟银龙.经济高效的可控震源地震勘探方法[C]//中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集.成都:中国地球物理学会,2006.
[13]黄显国,安树杰,王新全.一种可控震源拆分振次激发方法:中国,200610083879[P].2007-12-12.
[14]王新全,宋卫平,蓝益军,等.KZ34重型震源滑动扫描技术在致密砂岩气藏目标勘探中的应用[C]//2012年哈尔滨物探技术研讨会论文集.哈尔滨:中国石油学会物探专业委员会,2012.
[15]魏铁,张慕刚,汪长辉,等.可控震源高效采集技术及在国际项目中的应用[J].石油科技论坛,2012,31(2): 7-10. Wei Tie,Zhang Mugang,Wang Changhui,et al.High-productivity vibroseis techniques and their application in international seismic projects[J].Oil Forum,2012, 31(2):7-10.
[16]王井富,徐学峰,关业志.可控震源高效采集技术简介及对装备的需求[J].物探装备,2010,20(2):106-109. Wang Jingfu,Xu Xuefeng,Guan Yezhi.High efficient vibrator acquisition technology introduction and the demand for equipment[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 2010,20(2):106-109.
[17]刘金中,马铁荣.可控震源的发展状况[J].石油科技论坛,2008,27(5):38-42. Liu Jingzhong,Ma Tierong.Development situation in vibroseis acquisition[J].Oil Forum,2008,27(5):38-42.
[18]倪宇东,王井富,马涛,等.可控震源地震采集技术的进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):349-356. Ni Yudong,Wang Jingfu,Ma Tao,et al.Advances in vibroseis acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011,46(3):349-356.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心