龙门山断裂带变形特征
|
摘要
野外构造解析和地震遗址的构造应力分析显示,龙门山断裂带在新生代早期对应于当时的南东—北西主压应力场,发育了北北东向的左旋走滑构造体系;其后才被具有右旋兼具逆冲的龙门山断裂带叠加改造,对应的近东西向构造主压应力场一直延续至今,是区内地震构造的应力场机制。龙门山断裂带河流岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹分析显示,龙门山断裂带在走向上位移量有显著的差别,呈现正态分布的整体趋势。依照龙门山隆起剥蚀单调冷却的热史特征,判定前述两期变形的转换时限是40 Ma前后。结合龙门山断裂带地层厚度和变形时的深度模型,认为现今龙门山断裂带是一个宽达数十千米的大型走滑断裂带,剖面上呈现花状构造特征。近地表的逆冲构造是薄皮构造,并由此建立了龙门山断裂带走滑变形的深度变形样式模型。
Field structure and stress field analyses indicate that the Longmenshan fault zone was in NW-SE compressive stress field in early Cenozoic,developing the NNE-trending sinistral strike-slip structural system,which was superimposed and reformed by the late Longmenshan fault zone characterized by dextral transpressional deformation.Since the superimposition and reformation,the Longmenshan fault zone has been in the E-W compressive stress field,contributing to the seismic structure.Detrital apatite fission track analysis of the fluvial sands shows remarkable discrepancy in the displacement along the trend direction in the Longmenshan fault zone,with a trend of normal distribution.According to the monotonic thermal history responding to the uplift and cooling,we speculate the transformation time of the two stages of deformation to be around 40 Ma.Based on the stratigraphic thickness and the deformation-depth model,the Longmenshan fault zone is considered to be a large strike-slip fault zone,extending tens of kilometers wide,which shows flower-structural feature on the cross section.The near-surface thrust structure is thin-skinned structure,and we establish a depth-deformation model in Longmenshan fault zone.
Field structure and stress field analyses indicate that the Longmenshan fault zone was in NW-SE compressive stress field in early Cenozoic,developing the NNE-trending sinistral strike-slip structural system,which was superimposed and reformed by the late Longmenshan fault zone characterized by dextral transpressional deformation.Since the superimposition and reformation,the Longmenshan fault zone has been in the E-W compressive stress field,contributing to the seismic structure.Detrital apatite fission track analysis of the fluvial sands shows remarkable discrepancy in the displacement along the trend direction in the Longmenshan fault zone,with a trend of normal distribution.According to the monotonic thermal history responding to the uplift and cooling,we speculate the transformation time of the two stages of deformation to be around 40 Ma.Based on the stratigraphic thickness and the deformation-depth model,the Longmenshan fault zone is considered to be a large strike-slip fault zone,extending tens of kilometers wide,which shows flower-structural feature on the cross section.The near-surface thrust structure is thin-skinned structure,and we establish a depth-deformation model in Longmenshan fault zone.
引文
陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军等.2007.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究.地震地质,29(3):657-673.Chen Guoguang,Ji Fengju,Zhou Rongjun et al.2007.Primary research of the activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since Late-Quaternary.Seismology and Geology,29(3):657-673.
邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.1994.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,16(4):389-403.Deng Qidong,Chen Shefa and Zhao Xiaolin.1994.Tectonics,scismisity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains and its adjacent regions.Seismology and Geology,16(4);389-403.
刁桂苓,徐锡伟,陈于高等.2011.汶川M_w 7.9和集集M_W7.6地震前应力场转换现象及其可能的前兆意义.地球物理??学报,S4(1):128-136.Diao Guiling,Xu Xiwei,Chen Yuegao et al.2011.The precursory significance of tectonic stress field transformation before the Wenchuan M_W 7.9 Earthquake and the Chi-Chi M_W 7.6 Earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(1):128-136.
黄圣睦,何天华,范明祥等.2003,从石油人工地震资料分析成都平原地震地质背景的新认识.地震地质,25(4):581-594.Huang Shengmu,He Tianhua,Fan Mingxiang et al.2003.Seismogeologic background of the Chengdu Plain as revealed by seismic prospecting data of petroleum.Seismology and Geology,25(4):581-594.
贾营营,付碧宏,王岩等.2010.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应.第四纪研究,30(4):825-836.Jia Yingying,Fu Bihong,Wang Yan et al.2010.Late Cenozoic tectono-geomorphic growth and drainage response in the Longmen Shan fault zone,east margin of Tibet.Quaternary Sciences,30(4):825-836.
雷永良,贾承造,李本亮等.2009.上扬子西部地区新生代构造活动的低温热年代学特征.地质科学,44(3):877-888.Lei Yongliang,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang et al.2009.Distribution of low temperature thermochronology for Cenozoic tectonic activities in west upper Yangtze area.Chinese Journal of Geology,44(3):877-888.
李海兵,司家亮,付小方等.2009.200 8年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,29(3):387-402.Li Haibing,Si Jiafiang,Fu Xiaofang et al.2009.Coseismic rupture and maximum displacement of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,29(3):387-402.
李海龙,张岳桥,李建华.2010.青藏高原东缘南北向河流系统及其伴生古堰塞湖研究.第四纪研究,30(4):812-824.Li Hailong,Zhang Yueqiao and Li Jianhua.2010.Meridional river systems and ancient dammed lakes on the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,30(4):812-824.
李延兴,张静华,周伟等.2009.汶川M_S 8.0地震孕育发生的机制与动力学问题.地球物理学报,52(2):519-530.Li Yanxing,Zhang Jinghua,Zhou Wei et al.2009.The mechanism and dynamics of the generation and occurrence for Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):519-530.
李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.2006.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑一逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,26(1):40-51.Li Yong.Zhou Rongjun,,Densmore A L et al.2006.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Science,26(1):40-51.
李勇,周荣军,董顺利等.2008.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲一走滑作用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):404-413.Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli et al.2008.Surface rupture,thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):404-413.
李智武,刘树根,陈洪德等.2008.龙门山冲断带分段—分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):440-455.Li Zhiwu,Liu Shugen,Chen Hongde et al.2008.Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Longmen thrust belt,west Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):440-455.
李智武,陈洪德,刘树根等.2010.龙门山冲断隆升及其走向差异的裂变径迹证据.地质科学,45(4):944-968.Li Zhiwu,Chen Hongde,Liu Shugen et al.2010.Differential uplift driven by thrusting and its lateral variation along the Longmenshan belt western Sichuan China:Evidence from fission track thermochronology.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(4):944-968.
孙东霞,季建清,张志诚等.2009.雅鲁藏布江中下游流域地貌差异演化的岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹证据.科学通报,54(23):3738-3747.Sun Dongxia,Ji Jianqing,Zhang Zhicheng et al.2009.AFT dating of detrital apatites from the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon;??Implications for its distinct geomorphological evolution.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(23):3738-3747.
孙东霞,季建清,刘一多等.2013.怒江河砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹结果与流域地貌演化.地质科学,48(2):501-514.Sun Dongxia,Ji Jianqing,Liu Yiduo et al.2013.Detrital apatite siffion track analysis and geomorphologic evolution of the Nujiang River area.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2);501-514.
王二七,孟庆任,陈智樑等.2001.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,8(2):375-384.Wang Erehi,Meng Qingren,Chen Zhiliang et al.2001.Early Mesozoic left-lateral movement along the Longmen Shan fault belt and its tectonic implications.Earth Science Frontiers,8(2):375-384.
王国灿.2002.沉积物源区剥露历史分析的一种新途径——碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学.地质科技情报,21(4):35-140.Wang Guocan.2002.A new approach to determine the exhumation history of the sediment provenance:Detrital zircon and apatite fission-track thermochronology.Geological Science and Technology Information,21(4):35-40.
王丽宁,季建清,孙东霞等.2010.西南天山隆起时代的河床砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹证据.地球物理学报,53(4):931-945.Wang Lining,Ji Jianqing,Sun Dongxia et al.2010.The uplift history of south-western Tianshan-Implications from AFT analysis of detrital samples.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(4):931-945.
徐汀滢,季建清,涂继耀等.2012.川东褶皱带构造发育深度层次与变形样式,地质科学,47(3):788-807.Xu Tingying,Ji Jianqing,Tu Jiyao et al.2012.Tectonic levels and deformation patterns of the eastern Sichuan fold belt.Chinese Journal of Geology,47(3):788-807.
徐芹芹,季建清,龚俊峰等.2009.新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究.岩石学报,25(3):636-644.Xu Qinqin,Ji Jianqing,Gong Junfeng et al.2009.Structural style and deformation sequence of western Jungar,Xinjiang,since Late Paleozoic.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(3):636-644.
徐芹芹.2011.中国北方新生代大陆变形与地球动力学机制探讨(博士学位论文).北京:北京大学.1-166.Xu Qinqin.2011.Cenozoic Continental Feformation in Northern China and Geodynamic Mechanism(PhD Thesis).Beijing:Peking University.1-166.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.2008.汶川M_S 8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597-629.Xu Xiwei.Wen Xueze,Ye Jiangqing et al.2008.The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,30(3):597-629.
张会平,杨农,张岳桥等.2006.岷江水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义.第四纪研究,26(1):126-135.Zhang Huiping,Yang Nong,Zhang Yueqiao et al.2006.Geomorphology of the Minjiang drainage system(Sichuan,China)and its structural implications.Quaternary Sciences,26(1):126-135.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生等.2008.200 8年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑),38(10):1186-1194.
Zhang Yong,Feng Wanpeng,Xu Lisheng et al.2009.Spatio-temporal rapture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Science in China(Series D),52(2):145-154.
钟大赉,Tapponnier P,吴海威等.1989.大型走滑断层—碰撞后陆内变形的重要形式.科学通报,34(7):526-529.
Zhong Dalai,Tapponnier P,Wu Haiwei et al.1990.Large-scales strike slip fault;The major structure of intracontinental deformation after collision.Chinese Science Bulletin,35(4):304-309.
周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成等.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点.岩石力学与工程学报,27(11):2173-2183.Zhou Rongjun,Huang Runqiu,Lei Jiancheng et al.2008.Surface rupture and hazard characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 in Sichuan Province.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(11):2173-2183.
朱自虎,季建清,徐芹芹等.2010.新疆博格达—哈尔里克山晚新生代压扭性变形与隆起成山.地质科学,45(3):653-665.Zhu Zihu,Ji Jianqing,Xu Qinqin et al.2010.The Late Cenozoic transpressional deformation and uplift of Bogda-Harli Mountains.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(3);653-665.
Arne D,Worley B,Wilson C et al.1997.Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of??the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,280(3-4):239-256.
Brandon M T.1996.Probability density plot for fission-track grain age samples.Radiation Measurements,26(5):663-676.
Brandon M T.2002.Decomposition of mixed grain age distributions using BINOMFIT.On Track,24(8):13-18.
Clark M K,House M A,Royden L H et al.2005.Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet.Geology,33(6):25-528.
Dewey J F,Shackleton R M,Chang C F et al.1988.The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),327(1594):379-413.
Dunkl I.2002.TRACKKEY;A Windows program for calculation and graphical presentation of fission track data.Computers and Geosciences,28(1):3-12.
England P and Houseman G.1989.Extension during continental convergence,with application to the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,94(B12):17561-17579.
Godard V,Pik R,Lave J et al.2009.Late Cenozoic evolution of the central Longmen Shan,eastern Tibet:Insight from(U-Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics,28(5);TC5009.
Houseman G A and England P.1993.Crustal thickening versus lateral expulsion in the India-Asian continental collision.Journal of Geophysical Research,98(B7):12233-12249.
Hubbard J and Shaw J H.2009.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan Plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake.Nature,458;194-197.
Kirby E,Reiners P W,Krol M A et al.2002.Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Inferences from~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar and(U-Th)/He thermochronology.Tectonics,21(1):1001.
Mattauer M.1980.Les D6formations Des Mat6riaux De L'6corce Terrestre.Paris;Hermann.1-493.
Powell C M.1986.Continental underplating model for the rise of the Tibetan Plateau.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,HI(1):79-94.
Richardson N J,Densmore A L,Sewerd D et al.2008.Extraordinary denudation in the Sichuan Basin:Insight from lowtemperature thermochronology adjacent to the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,113(B4):B04409.
Shen F,Royden L H and Burchfiel B C.2001.Large-scale crustal deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,106(B4):6793-6816.
Shen Z K,Sun J B,Zhang P Z et al.2009.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Nature Geoscience,2;718-724.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A Y et al.1982.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia,New insights from simple experiments with plasticine.Geology,10(12)?611-616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294(5547):1671-1677.
Wang E,Kirby E,Furlong K P et al.2012.Two-phase growth of high topography in eastern Tibet during the Cenozoic.Nature Geoscience,5;640-645.
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Yu G H et al.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 M_W 7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515-518.
Zhao W L and Morgan W J.1987.Injection of India crust into Tibetan lower crust:A two-dimensional finite element model study.Tectonics,6(4):489-504.
邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.1994.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,16(4):389-403.Deng Qidong,Chen Shefa and Zhao Xiaolin.1994.Tectonics,scismisity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains and its adjacent regions.Seismology and Geology,16(4);389-403.
刁桂苓,徐锡伟,陈于高等.2011.汶川M_w 7.9和集集M_W7.6地震前应力场转换现象及其可能的前兆意义.地球物理??学报,S4(1):128-136.Diao Guiling,Xu Xiwei,Chen Yuegao et al.2011.The precursory significance of tectonic stress field transformation before the Wenchuan M_W 7.9 Earthquake and the Chi-Chi M_W 7.6 Earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(1):128-136.
黄圣睦,何天华,范明祥等.2003,从石油人工地震资料分析成都平原地震地质背景的新认识.地震地质,25(4):581-594.Huang Shengmu,He Tianhua,Fan Mingxiang et al.2003.Seismogeologic background of the Chengdu Plain as revealed by seismic prospecting data of petroleum.Seismology and Geology,25(4):581-594.
贾营营,付碧宏,王岩等.2010.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应.第四纪研究,30(4):825-836.Jia Yingying,Fu Bihong,Wang Yan et al.2010.Late Cenozoic tectono-geomorphic growth and drainage response in the Longmen Shan fault zone,east margin of Tibet.Quaternary Sciences,30(4):825-836.
雷永良,贾承造,李本亮等.2009.上扬子西部地区新生代构造活动的低温热年代学特征.地质科学,44(3):877-888.Lei Yongliang,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang et al.2009.Distribution of low temperature thermochronology for Cenozoic tectonic activities in west upper Yangtze area.Chinese Journal of Geology,44(3):877-888.
李海兵,司家亮,付小方等.2009.200 8年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,29(3):387-402.Li Haibing,Si Jiafiang,Fu Xiaofang et al.2009.Coseismic rupture and maximum displacement of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,29(3):387-402.
李海龙,张岳桥,李建华.2010.青藏高原东缘南北向河流系统及其伴生古堰塞湖研究.第四纪研究,30(4):812-824.Li Hailong,Zhang Yueqiao and Li Jianhua.2010.Meridional river systems and ancient dammed lakes on the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,30(4):812-824.
李延兴,张静华,周伟等.2009.汶川M_S 8.0地震孕育发生的机制与动力学问题.地球物理学报,52(2):519-530.Li Yanxing,Zhang Jinghua,Zhou Wei et al.2009.The mechanism and dynamics of the generation and occurrence for Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):519-530.
李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.2006.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑一逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,26(1):40-51.Li Yong.Zhou Rongjun,,Densmore A L et al.2006.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Science,26(1):40-51.
李勇,周荣军,董顺利等.2008.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲一走滑作用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):404-413.Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli et al.2008.Surface rupture,thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):404-413.
李智武,刘树根,陈洪德等.2008.龙门山冲断带分段—分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):440-455.Li Zhiwu,Liu Shugen,Chen Hongde et al.2008.Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Longmen thrust belt,west Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):440-455.
李智武,陈洪德,刘树根等.2010.龙门山冲断隆升及其走向差异的裂变径迹证据.地质科学,45(4):944-968.Li Zhiwu,Chen Hongde,Liu Shugen et al.2010.Differential uplift driven by thrusting and its lateral variation along the Longmenshan belt western Sichuan China:Evidence from fission track thermochronology.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(4):944-968.
孙东霞,季建清,张志诚等.2009.雅鲁藏布江中下游流域地貌差异演化的岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹证据.科学通报,54(23):3738-3747.Sun Dongxia,Ji Jianqing,Zhang Zhicheng et al.2009.AFT dating of detrital apatites from the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon;??Implications for its distinct geomorphological evolution.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(23):3738-3747.
孙东霞,季建清,刘一多等.2013.怒江河砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹结果与流域地貌演化.地质科学,48(2):501-514.Sun Dongxia,Ji Jianqing,Liu Yiduo et al.2013.Detrital apatite siffion track analysis and geomorphologic evolution of the Nujiang River area.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2);501-514.
王二七,孟庆任,陈智樑等.2001.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,8(2):375-384.Wang Erehi,Meng Qingren,Chen Zhiliang et al.2001.Early Mesozoic left-lateral movement along the Longmen Shan fault belt and its tectonic implications.Earth Science Frontiers,8(2):375-384.
王国灿.2002.沉积物源区剥露历史分析的一种新途径——碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学.地质科技情报,21(4):35-140.Wang Guocan.2002.A new approach to determine the exhumation history of the sediment provenance:Detrital zircon and apatite fission-track thermochronology.Geological Science and Technology Information,21(4):35-40.
王丽宁,季建清,孙东霞等.2010.西南天山隆起时代的河床砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹证据.地球物理学报,53(4):931-945.Wang Lining,Ji Jianqing,Sun Dongxia et al.2010.The uplift history of south-western Tianshan-Implications from AFT analysis of detrital samples.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(4):931-945.
徐汀滢,季建清,涂继耀等.2012.川东褶皱带构造发育深度层次与变形样式,地质科学,47(3):788-807.Xu Tingying,Ji Jianqing,Tu Jiyao et al.2012.Tectonic levels and deformation patterns of the eastern Sichuan fold belt.Chinese Journal of Geology,47(3):788-807.
徐芹芹,季建清,龚俊峰等.2009.新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究.岩石学报,25(3):636-644.Xu Qinqin,Ji Jianqing,Gong Junfeng et al.2009.Structural style and deformation sequence of western Jungar,Xinjiang,since Late Paleozoic.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(3):636-644.
徐芹芹.2011.中国北方新生代大陆变形与地球动力学机制探讨(博士学位论文).北京:北京大学.1-166.Xu Qinqin.2011.Cenozoic Continental Feformation in Northern China and Geodynamic Mechanism(PhD Thesis).Beijing:Peking University.1-166.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.2008.汶川M_S 8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597-629.Xu Xiwei.Wen Xueze,Ye Jiangqing et al.2008.The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,30(3):597-629.
张会平,杨农,张岳桥等.2006.岷江水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义.第四纪研究,26(1):126-135.Zhang Huiping,Yang Nong,Zhang Yueqiao et al.2006.Geomorphology of the Minjiang drainage system(Sichuan,China)and its structural implications.Quaternary Sciences,26(1):126-135.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生等.2008.200 8年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑),38(10):1186-1194.
Zhang Yong,Feng Wanpeng,Xu Lisheng et al.2009.Spatio-temporal rapture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Science in China(Series D),52(2):145-154.
钟大赉,Tapponnier P,吴海威等.1989.大型走滑断层—碰撞后陆内变形的重要形式.科学通报,34(7):526-529.
Zhong Dalai,Tapponnier P,Wu Haiwei et al.1990.Large-scales strike slip fault;The major structure of intracontinental deformation after collision.Chinese Science Bulletin,35(4):304-309.
周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成等.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点.岩石力学与工程学报,27(11):2173-2183.Zhou Rongjun,Huang Runqiu,Lei Jiancheng et al.2008.Surface rupture and hazard characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 in Sichuan Province.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(11):2173-2183.
朱自虎,季建清,徐芹芹等.2010.新疆博格达—哈尔里克山晚新生代压扭性变形与隆起成山.地质科学,45(3):653-665.Zhu Zihu,Ji Jianqing,Xu Qinqin et al.2010.The Late Cenozoic transpressional deformation and uplift of Bogda-Harli Mountains.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(3);653-665.
Arne D,Worley B,Wilson C et al.1997.Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of??the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,280(3-4):239-256.
Brandon M T.1996.Probability density plot for fission-track grain age samples.Radiation Measurements,26(5):663-676.
Brandon M T.2002.Decomposition of mixed grain age distributions using BINOMFIT.On Track,24(8):13-18.
Clark M K,House M A,Royden L H et al.2005.Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet.Geology,33(6):25-528.
Dewey J F,Shackleton R M,Chang C F et al.1988.The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),327(1594):379-413.
Dunkl I.2002.TRACKKEY;A Windows program for calculation and graphical presentation of fission track data.Computers and Geosciences,28(1):3-12.
England P and Houseman G.1989.Extension during continental convergence,with application to the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,94(B12):17561-17579.
Godard V,Pik R,Lave J et al.2009.Late Cenozoic evolution of the central Longmen Shan,eastern Tibet:Insight from(U-Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics,28(5);TC5009.
Houseman G A and England P.1993.Crustal thickening versus lateral expulsion in the India-Asian continental collision.Journal of Geophysical Research,98(B7):12233-12249.
Hubbard J and Shaw J H.2009.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan Plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake.Nature,458;194-197.
Kirby E,Reiners P W,Krol M A et al.2002.Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Inferences from~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar and(U-Th)/He thermochronology.Tectonics,21(1):1001.
Mattauer M.1980.Les D6formations Des Mat6riaux De L'6corce Terrestre.Paris;Hermann.1-493.
Powell C M.1986.Continental underplating model for the rise of the Tibetan Plateau.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,HI(1):79-94.
Richardson N J,Densmore A L,Sewerd D et al.2008.Extraordinary denudation in the Sichuan Basin:Insight from lowtemperature thermochronology adjacent to the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,113(B4):B04409.
Shen F,Royden L H and Burchfiel B C.2001.Large-scale crustal deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,106(B4):6793-6816.
Shen Z K,Sun J B,Zhang P Z et al.2009.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Nature Geoscience,2;718-724.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A Y et al.1982.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia,New insights from simple experiments with plasticine.Geology,10(12)?611-616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294(5547):1671-1677.
Wang E,Kirby E,Furlong K P et al.2012.Two-phase growth of high topography in eastern Tibet during the Cenozoic.Nature Geoscience,5;640-645.
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Yu G H et al.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 M_W 7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515-518.
Zhao W L and Morgan W J.1987.Injection of India crust into Tibetan lower crust:A two-dimensional finite element model study.Tectonics,6(4):489-504.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心