L波段InSAR数据观测的北京及其周边2007—2010年间累计地壳形变基本特征
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摘要
地壳形变是评估地震灾害和地质灾害的重要依据之一。北京及其周边地区的形变状况一直以来缺乏全面、可靠的观测数据,阻碍了对该地区这两种灾害的客观认识。本研究利用L波段InSAR形变观测数据,调查北京及其周边190km×150km范围内,约3年时间内的累积地壳形变,详细给出北京地区2007—2010年间的地壳形变基本特征,为认识该地区的灾害提供参考。研究结果显示,该地区主要地壳形变源为地下水开采造成的地面沉降,观测时间内累积的最大雷达视线向形变达到了37.6cm。地面沉降的严重影响,以及大气噪声的干扰,造成活动构造变形很难从现有数据定量分辨出来,但可以确定在此观测期间内较大尺度(长度>50～100km)的断层活动及其构造变形比较微弱,对北京地区的地壳形变贡献较小。最重要的一点是,北京地区的地壳形变呈条块状分布,清晰显示地面沉降与活动构造,特别是NW走向的南口—孙河断层,存在较强的相关性。
Crustal deformation is one of the important evidences for seismic and geological hazard assessment.The lack of comprehensive and reliable observations of Beijing and surrounding regions prevents us to understand these two kinds of hazards of this area.In this study,we utilize L-band InSAR deformation observations to investigate the accumulated deformation of this region in a range of 190km×150km within about a 3-year period.We show the detailed characteristics of the crustal deformation of Beijing area between 2007 and 2010,to help the assessment of nature hazards of this area.The results show that,the main source of deformation of Beijing area is subsidence induced by ground water extraction,and the accumulated maximum Line-Of-Sight deformation can be as large as 37.6 cm in the observation period.The strong affection of subsidence and atmospheric noise lead to the difficulties of separating active tectonic deformation from the InSAR data quantitatively,however,it is confirmed that the large scale deformation(length>50～100km)of fault motion and active tectonics in the observation period is weak,and contributes little to the accumulated deformation.The most important point is that,the crustal deformation exhibits in a form of strip-and-block,and clearly shows the strong correlation between subsidence and active tectonics,especially for the NW-striking Nankou-Sunhe fault.
Crustal deformation is one of the important evidences for seismic and geological hazard assessment.The lack of comprehensive and reliable observations of Beijing and surrounding regions prevents us to understand these two kinds of hazards of this area.In this study,we utilize L-band InSAR deformation observations to investigate the accumulated deformation of this region in a range of 190km×150km within about a 3-year period.We show the detailed characteristics of the crustal deformation of Beijing area between 2007 and 2010,to help the assessment of nature hazards of this area.The results show that,the main source of deformation of Beijing area is subsidence induced by ground water extraction,and the accumulated maximum Line-Of-Sight deformation can be as large as 37.6 cm in the observation period.The strong affection of subsidence and atmospheric noise lead to the difficulties of separating active tectonic deformation from the InSAR data quantitatively,however,it is confirmed that the large scale deformation(length>50～100km)of fault motion and active tectonics in the observation period is weak,and contributes little to the accumulated deformation.The most important point is that,the crustal deformation exhibits in a form of strip-and-block,and clearly shows the strong correlation between subsidence and active tectonics,especially for the NW-striking Nankou-Sunhe fault.
引文
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[2]Shen Z K,Wang M,Li Y,et al.Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system,westernChina,from GPS[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B12):30 607-630 621.
[3]Wang Q,et al.Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning systemmeasurements[J].Science,2001,294(5 542):574-577.
[4]Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,et al.Radar interferometric mapping of deformation in the year af-ter the Landers earthquake[J].Nature,1994,369:227-230.
[5]Massonnet D,Rossi M,Carmona C,et al.The Displacement Field of the Landers EarthquakeMapped by Radar Interferometry[J].Nature,1993,364(6 433):138-141.
[6]Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the MW7.6 Manyi(Tibet)earthquake[J].Science,1999,286(5 438):272-276.
[7]Argus D F,Heflin M B,Peltzer G,et al.Interseismic strain accumulation and anthropogenic motionin metropolitan Los Angeles[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2005,110(B4):1 192-1 201.
[8]Bawden G W,Thatcher W,Stein R S,et al.Tectonic contraction across Los Angeles after removalof groundwater pumping effects[J].Nature,2001,412(6 849):812-815.
[9]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[10]Massonnet D,Feigl K.Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth's surface[J].Rev Geophys,1998,36:441-500.
[11]陈蓓蓓,宫辉力,李小娟,等.基于InSAR技术北京地区地面沉降监测与风险分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(2):12-23.
[12]杨艳,贾三满,王海刚.北京平原区地面沉降现状及发展趋势分析[J].上海地质,2010,31(4):23-28.
[13]江娃利,侯治华,谢新生.北京平原南口—孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):501-509.
[14]López-Quiroz P,Doin M P,Tupin F,et al.Time series analysis of Mexico City subsidence con-strained by radar interferometry[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,69(1):1-15,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.02.006.
[15]Amelung F,Galloway D L,Bell J W,et al.Sensing the ups and downs of Las Vegas:InSAR re-veals structural control of land subsidence and aquifer-system deformation[J].Geology,1999,27(6):483-486,doi:10.1130/0091-7613.
[16]Sandwell D,Myer D,Mellors R,et al.Accuracy and Resolution of ALOS Interferometry:VectorDeformation Maps of the Father’s Day Intrusion at Kilauea[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscienceand Remote Sensing,2008,46(11):2032-2051.
[17]Rosen P A,Henley S,Simons M,et al.Updated Repeat Orbit Interferometry Package Released[J].Eos Trans AGU,2004,85(5):47.
[18]Farr T G,Kobrick M.Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produces a wealth of data[J].AGU Eos,2000,81:583-585.
[19]Chen C W,Zebker H A.Network approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping:intractabilityand two new algorithms[J].J Opt Soc Am A,2000,17(3):401-414.
[20]Hanssen R F.Radar interferometry:data interpretation and error analysis[M].Kluwer AcademicPublishers,2001.
[21]Fialko Y.Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreasfault system[J].Nature,2006,441:968-971.
[22]Schmidt D A,Bürgmann R.Time-dependent land uplift and subsidence in the Santa Clara valley,California,from a large interferometric synthetic aperture radar data set[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(B9):2 416,doi:10.1029/2002jb002267.
[23]Segall P.Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction[J].Geology,1989,17:942-946.
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