庄学本先生1934年所摄四川叠溪震区照片的考证与解读
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摘要
1933年8月25日,四川省茂县叠溪发生了71/2级地震,强烈地震造成了大量的滑坡与崩塌,叠溪镇全城被毁,伤亡惨重。震后45天地震堰塞湖溃决,又造成严重的次生水灾。1934年11月,著名摄影家庄学本先生考察了叠溪地震灾区,拍摄了大量的地震现场照片,其中一部分留存至今。这批照片是中国最早的地震现场照片之一,留下了比文字记载更为生动直观的珍贵信息。文中首次披露其中22张尚未发表的叠溪地震震害照片,其中包括被地震破坏的房屋、城墙、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、堰塞湖、地震次生水灾等,简要介绍了这些珍贵历史照片的有关背景,并对这些照片作了初步的注释和解读。
On August 25,1933,a great earthquake of M 71/2occurred in Diexi of Maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China.The strong earthquake caused a lot of landslides and collapses.The Diexi Town was destroyed completely,and casualties were heavy.After 45 days,the barrier lake made by the earthquake burst,causing serious secondary flood disaster again.Famous photographer ZHUANG Xue-ben made an on-the-spot investigation in the earthquake-stricken area of Diexi in November 1934.He took large numbers of photographs in the earthquake-stricken area.Part of these photographs have been retained yet.They are one of the oldest photographs of earthquake scenes in China and provide more visual information than written records.22 photographs about Diexi earthquake,shoot by ZHUANG Xue-ben and unpublished,are showed for the first time in this paper,including destroyed houses,destroyed city wall,ground rupture,landslides,collapses,barrier lake,seismic secondary flood and so on.The background of these visual historical photographs is narrated simply,and annotation and research on these photographs have been done in this paper.
On August 25,1933,a great earthquake of M 71/2occurred in Diexi of Maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China.The strong earthquake caused a lot of landslides and collapses.The Diexi Town was destroyed completely,and casualties were heavy.After 45 days,the barrier lake made by the earthquake burst,causing serious secondary flood disaster again.Famous photographer ZHUANG Xue-ben made an on-the-spot investigation in the earthquake-stricken area of Diexi in November 1934.He took large numbers of photographs in the earthquake-stricken area.Part of these photographs have been retained yet.They are one of the oldest photographs of earthquake scenes in China and provide more visual information than written records.22 photographs about Diexi earthquake,shoot by ZHUANG Xue-ben and unpublished,are showed for the first time in this paper,including destroyed houses,destroyed city wall,ground rupture,landslides,collapses,barrier lake,seismic secondary flood and so on.The background of these visual historical photographs is narrated simply,and annotation and research on these photographs have been done in this paper.
引文
①四川大学,1934,叠溪地质调查特刊(调查报告)。
常隆庆.1938.四川叠溪地震调查记[J].地质论评,3(3):251—292.CHANG Long-qing.1938.Investigation report on Diexi earthquake of Sichuan[J].Geological Review,3(3):251—292(in Chinese).
顾功叙主编.1983.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.GU Gong-xu(ed).1983.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
洪时中,徐吉廷.2009.历史将永远铭记他们:记在叠溪大地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出贡献的几位前辈[J].国际地震动态,(2):30—38.HONG Shi-zhong,XU Ji-ting.2009.History will remember them forever:Commemorating the seniors who had made thecontribution in Dexi earthquake on August25,1933[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(2):30—38(in Chinese).
刘盛利,王新民,徐吉廷.1996.1933年四川叠溪地震珍贵震害照片的发现与考证[A].见:中国地震学会第6次学术大会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社.205.LIU Sheng-li,WANG Xin-min,XU Ji-ting.1996.Discovery and interpretation of rare photographs about Diexi earth-quake of Sichuan[A].In:Abstracts of6th Symposium of Seismological Society of China.Seismological Press,Bei-jing(in Chinese).
马鼎辉,王昭武,庄文俊主编.2005.尘封的历史瞬间:摄影大师庄学本20世纪30年代的西部人文采访[M].成都:四川民族出版社.MA Ding-hui,WANG Zhao-wu,ZHUANG Wen-jun(eds).2005.Historical Moment Covered with Dust:West ChinaHumanistic Interview by Photographer ZHUANG Xue-ben in the30s of20th Century[M].Sichuan Ethnic Publish-ing House,Chengdu(in Chinese).
四川省地震局.1983.一九三三年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province.1983.Diexi Earthquake in1933[M].Sichuan Publishing House ofScience&Technology,Chengdu(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,李天斌,等.2008.四川岷江叠溪地震滑坡[A].见:黄润秋,许强等编著.中国典型灾难性滑坡.北京:科学出版社.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,LI Tian-bin,et al.2008.Diexi earthquake-induced landslide,Minjiang River,Si-chuan Province(1933)[A].In:HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang,et al(eds).Catastrophic Landslides in China.Sci-ence Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
庄学本著·摄.李媚,王璜生,庄文俊主编.2009.庄学本全集[M].北京:中华书局.ZHUANG Xue-ben(LI Mei,WANG Huang-sheng,ZHUANG Wen-jun eds).2009.The Collected Works of ZHUANGXue-ben[M].Zhonghua Book Company,Beijing(in Chinese).
常隆庆.1938.四川叠溪地震调查记[J].地质论评,3(3):251—292.CHANG Long-qing.1938.Investigation report on Diexi earthquake of Sichuan[J].Geological Review,3(3):251—292(in Chinese).
顾功叙主编.1983.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.GU Gong-xu(ed).1983.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
洪时中,徐吉廷.2009.历史将永远铭记他们:记在叠溪大地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出贡献的几位前辈[J].国际地震动态,(2):30—38.HONG Shi-zhong,XU Ji-ting.2009.History will remember them forever:Commemorating the seniors who had made thecontribution in Dexi earthquake on August25,1933[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(2):30—38(in Chinese).
刘盛利,王新民,徐吉廷.1996.1933年四川叠溪地震珍贵震害照片的发现与考证[A].见:中国地震学会第6次学术大会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社.205.LIU Sheng-li,WANG Xin-min,XU Ji-ting.1996.Discovery and interpretation of rare photographs about Diexi earth-quake of Sichuan[A].In:Abstracts of6th Symposium of Seismological Society of China.Seismological Press,Bei-jing(in Chinese).
马鼎辉,王昭武,庄文俊主编.2005.尘封的历史瞬间:摄影大师庄学本20世纪30年代的西部人文采访[M].成都:四川民族出版社.MA Ding-hui,WANG Zhao-wu,ZHUANG Wen-jun(eds).2005.Historical Moment Covered with Dust:West ChinaHumanistic Interview by Photographer ZHUANG Xue-ben in the30s of20th Century[M].Sichuan Ethnic Publish-ing House,Chengdu(in Chinese).
四川省地震局.1983.一九三三年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province.1983.Diexi Earthquake in1933[M].Sichuan Publishing House ofScience&Technology,Chengdu(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,李天斌,等.2008.四川岷江叠溪地震滑坡[A].见:黄润秋,许强等编著.中国典型灾难性滑坡.北京:科学出版社.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,LI Tian-bin,et al.2008.Diexi earthquake-induced landslide,Minjiang River,Si-chuan Province(1933)[A].In:HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang,et al(eds).Catastrophic Landslides in China.Sci-ence Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
庄学本著·摄.李媚,王璜生,庄文俊主编.2009.庄学本全集[M].北京:中华书局.ZHUANG Xue-ben(LI Mei,WANG Huang-sheng,ZHUANG Wen-jun eds).2009.The Collected Works of ZHUANGXue-ben[M].Zhonghua Book Company,Beijing(in Chinese).
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