目标砂体厚度精细预测技术在歧南地区的应用
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摘要
储层预测、评价是勘探阶段井位部署的主要依据,目前主要采用地震属性、频谱分解和波阻抗反演技术预测砂体分布,基本停留在平面发育位置、规模的定性预测程度,难以满足日益复杂的岩性油气藏精细勘探需求,缺乏砂体厚度定量精细预测技术.为此,首先根据目标区沉积环境认识以及砂体叠置关系建立正演地质模型,并且在二维全波场正演模拟分析的基础上,定性选出与砂体发育程度关系紧密的地震属性类别;然后通过邻区已钻井的精细测井解释砂岩厚度与井点位置地震属性制作二维散点交会图,利用Kendall指示法分析其相关性,根据有效数的大小优选出二、三种相互独立的地震属性进行数据融合,同时确定出砂岩厚度值与各属性值的数学映射关系;利用该数学映射关系将目标砂体的属性值直接转化为砂体厚度值;最后对各砂体厚度值进行距离加权平均法抽稀,自动勾绘砂体厚度等值线图,若目标砂体过已钻井,则进一步做井点厚度校正.相对于传统的依据沉积规律,通过测井解释厚度的人工勾绘技术和纯地震预测技术而言,井点控制、融合属性约束下的自动成图技术综合了测井解释的纵向高精度和井间信息连续密集优势,砂体纵横向发育规模的预测精度更高、结果更加可信.歧南地区应用实践证实了方法的可行性与精确性,为该区的井位部署提供了可靠依据,提高了钻探成功率.该方法对于砂体厚度精细预测具较高的实用价值.
Prediction and evaluation is the main basis for well deploy at exploration phase. At present,commonly used methods of reservoir prediction mainly include seismic attributes, spectrum decomposition and wave impedance inversion,these technologies are qualitative methods to predict reservoir,can't met the needs of fine exploration for lithological reservoir and lack quantitative prediction technology for sandstone thickness.In order to quantitative predict sandstone thickness,the Qinan area of Qikou Sag is located,studied the prediction technical by seismic and logging data.Firstly,analysis the depositional setting and the overriding relationship of sandstone by geology and seismic data,according to above results establish the forward modeling,and qualitative choose seismic attributes that closed sandstone thickness and distribution on the basis of forward modeling results.Secondly,fine interpret the sandstone thickness by logging in adjacent and extract seismic attribute at well point,then make crossplot of above two parameters,and analysis the correlation using Kendall method, further mix selected independent of each other seismic attributes,meanwhile fitting nonlinear mathematical mapping relationship between sandstone thickness and mixed seismic attribute of drilled well,next automatically calculate the sandstone thickness using the nonlinear mathematical mapping relationship.Finally,dilute the sandstone thickness from calculated results by distance weighted average method and get preliminary thickness distribution map,if target trap has the drilling,the further do well point thickness correction.Compared with the commonly used methods of artificial drew and pure seismic technology,this technology combined the longitudinal precision of log interpretation and continuous dense advantage of seismic data,so the prediction results have higher precision but also more reliable.The error between the predicted sandstone thickness and measured thickness of the sandstone of drilled wells is very small,which fits well with sand sections in the wells.Thus the effectiveness of this technology is verified.
Prediction and evaluation is the main basis for well deploy at exploration phase. At present,commonly used methods of reservoir prediction mainly include seismic attributes, spectrum decomposition and wave impedance inversion,these technologies are qualitative methods to predict reservoir,can't met the needs of fine exploration for lithological reservoir and lack quantitative prediction technology for sandstone thickness.In order to quantitative predict sandstone thickness,the Qinan area of Qikou Sag is located,studied the prediction technical by seismic and logging data.Firstly,analysis the depositional setting and the overriding relationship of sandstone by geology and seismic data,according to above results establish the forward modeling,and qualitative choose seismic attributes that closed sandstone thickness and distribution on the basis of forward modeling results.Secondly,fine interpret the sandstone thickness by logging in adjacent and extract seismic attribute at well point,then make crossplot of above two parameters,and analysis the correlation using Kendall method, further mix selected independent of each other seismic attributes,meanwhile fitting nonlinear mathematical mapping relationship between sandstone thickness and mixed seismic attribute of drilled well,next automatically calculate the sandstone thickness using the nonlinear mathematical mapping relationship.Finally,dilute the sandstone thickness from calculated results by distance weighted average method and get preliminary thickness distribution map,if target trap has the drilling,the further do well point thickness correction.Compared with the commonly used methods of artificial drew and pure seismic technology,this technology combined the longitudinal precision of log interpretation and continuous dense advantage of seismic data,so the prediction results have higher precision but also more reliable.The error between the predicted sandstone thickness and measured thickness of the sandstone of drilled wells is very small,which fits well with sand sections in the wells.Thus the effectiveness of this technology is verified.
引文
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Chen C J,Feng S M,Mo A L,et al.2012.Application of 90°phasedata in lithologic interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),47(1):95-99.
Chen X,Chen H H,Dong Y W,et al.2010.Methods andapplication of seismic sedimentology:An overview[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),30(1):54-60.
Cui C J,Gong Y J,Shen D Y.2010.Application of wave impedanceinversion to reservoir prediction research[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),25(1):9-15.
Dong C M,Zhang X G,Lin C Y.2006.Conception,method andtechnology of the seismic sedimentology[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),24(5):698-704.
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LI L,Lv F L,Fan G Z,et al.2012.Integrated seismicinterpretation of deep water channels in northern slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(3):1020-1025.
Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.2007.Concept of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta PetroleiSinica(in Chinese),28(2):69-72.
Ling Y.2003.Study on application of basic seismic attributes tointerpretation of depositional environment[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),38(6):642-653.
LüL,Jiao Y Q,Wu L Q,et al.2012.Reconstruction ofprovenance-sedimentary system of the first member of thepaleogene Shahejie formation in the Qikou sag,Bohai bay basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),30(4):629-638.
Ma J F,Wang X J,Zhong J,et al.1999.Multiple roots in wellrestricted impedance inversion[J].Oil&Gas Geology(inChinese),20(1):7-10.
Meng Z P,Guo Y X,Wang Y,et al.2006.Prediction models ofcoal thickness based on seismic attributions and theirapplications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(2):512-517.
Sadegh K,Nader F,Jaber R.2010.A new approach to improveneural networks’algorithm in permeability prediction ofpetroleum reservoirs using supervised committee machine neuralnetwork(SCMNN)[J].Journal of Petroleum Science andEngineering,73(3-4):227-232.
Tang Y H,Zhang X J,Gao J H.2009.Method of oil/gas predictionbased on optimization of seismic attributes and support vectormachine[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(1):75-80.
Wang X W,Deng G Z,Han F M,et al.2013.The application ofreservoir West Coast area prediction technique in of Ecuador[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(3):1490-1496.
Wei Z P.2009.Application of spectrum-decomposition tuning bodytechnique to quantitatively predict thin reservoir[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):337-340.
Xiao K Y,Hu X Y.2009.Forward seismic modeling technology inthe application of interpretation[J].Chinese Journal ofEngineering Geophysics(in Chinese),6(4):459-464.
Xiong R,Zhao J L,Hou G F.2013.Using spectral decompositiontechnology and seismic peak attribute analysis for prediction ofthin sandstone reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(inChinese),34(2):225-227.
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Yang L Q.2003.A review of well log constrained seismic inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),18(3):530-534.
Yong S H,Zhang C M.1996.Digital processing and integrateinterpretation of well data[M].Beijing:Publishing House ofOil Industry.
Yuan Z Y,Kong L H,Wang C L.2006.Application of spectrumdecomposition in reservoir prediction[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),41(Supplement):11-15.
Zhang X H,Zhou D W.2007.Application of radial basis function inNan Ni Wan oil field[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(1):213-217.
Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1129-1133.
Zhang Z H,Su M J,Liu H Q,et al.2012.High-precision analysistechnology of seismic sequence strata and its application:a casestudy of Binhai region in Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment(in Chinese),34(6):648-652.
Zhao J.2004.Application of the seismic attributes technology insedimentary facies analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),43(Supplement):67-69.Zhao L M,Lang X L,Jin F M,et al.2001.Application of waveformclassification technique in the prediction of subtle reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),28(6):53-55.
Zou X N,Sun W,Zhang M B,et al.2006.The application ofseismic attributes analysis to lithologic gas reservoir description[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),36(2):289-294.
鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟,等.2006.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究[J].石油物探,45(1):28-33.
曹丹平,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.2009.多尺度地震资料联合反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,52(4):1059-1067.
曹卿荣,李珮,仝敏波,等.2013.基于地震正演和属性分析技术预测河道砂体[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):69-74.
陈春继,冯世民,莫阿玲,等.2012.90°相移技术在岩性解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(1):95-99.
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崔成军,龚姚进,申大媛.2010.波阻抗反演在储层预测研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(1):9-15.
董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.2006.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,24(5):698-704.
董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.2008.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,26(2):234-240.
侯伯刚,杨池银,武站国,等.2004.地震属性及其在储层预测中的影响因素[J].石油地球物理勘探,39(5):553-558.
井西利,王明利.2013.基于地震属性相关主成分分析的储层预测[J].燕山大学学报,37(3):250-253.
李丽,吕福亮,范国章,等.2012.海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究-以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1020-1025.
林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.2007.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,28(2):69-72.
凌云.2003.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(6):642-653.
吕琳,焦养泉,吴立群,等.2012.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙一段物源-沉积体系重建[J].沉积学报,30(4):629-638.
马劲风,王学军,钟俊,等.1999.测井资料约束的波阻抗反演中的多解性问题[J].石油与天然气地质,20(1):7-10.
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张兆辉,苏明军,刘化清,等.2012.精细地震层序地层分析技术及应用-以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷滨海地区为例[J].石油实验地质,34(6):648-652.
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Cao D P,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.2009.A study on the methodof joint inversion of multiscale seismic data[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),52(4):1059-1067.
Cao Q R,Li P,Tong M B,et al.2013.Channel sand distributionprediction based on seismic forward modeling and attributeanalysis technology[J].Journal of Southwest PetroleumUniversity(Science&Technology Edition)(in Chinese),35(4):69-74.
Chen C J,Feng S M,Mo A L,et al.2012.Application of 90°phasedata in lithologic interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),47(1):95-99.
Chen X,Chen H H,Dong Y W,et al.2010.Methods andapplication of seismic sedimentology:An overview[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),30(1):54-60.
Cui C J,Gong Y J,Shen D Y.2010.Application of wave impedanceinversion to reservoir prediction research[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),25(1):9-15.
Dong C M,Zhang X G,Lin C Y.2006.Conception,method andtechnology of the seismic sedimentology[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),24(5):698-704.
Dong Y L,Zhu X M,Zeng H L,et al.2008.Seismic sedimentologystudy on Shayi sequence in Qinan sag,Huanghua depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(2):234-240.
Hou B G,Yang C Y,Wu Z G,et al.2004.Seismic attributes andtheir affected factors in reservoir prediction[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),39(5):553-558.Jing X L,Wang ML.2013.Reservoir prediction based on correlation principalcomponent analysis with seismic attributes[J].Journal ofYanshan University(in Chinese),37(3):250-253.
LI L,Lv F L,Fan G Z,et al.2012.Integrated seismicinterpretation of deep water channels in northern slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(3):1020-1025.
Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.2007.Concept of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta PetroleiSinica(in Chinese),28(2):69-72.
Ling Y.2003.Study on application of basic seismic attributes tointerpretation of depositional environment[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),38(6):642-653.
LüL,Jiao Y Q,Wu L Q,et al.2012.Reconstruction ofprovenance-sedimentary system of the first member of thepaleogene Shahejie formation in the Qikou sag,Bohai bay basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),30(4):629-638.
Ma J F,Wang X J,Zhong J,et al.1999.Multiple roots in wellrestricted impedance inversion[J].Oil&Gas Geology(inChinese),20(1):7-10.
Meng Z P,Guo Y X,Wang Y,et al.2006.Prediction models ofcoal thickness based on seismic attributions and theirapplications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(2):512-517.
Sadegh K,Nader F,Jaber R.2010.A new approach to improveneural networks’algorithm in permeability prediction ofpetroleum reservoirs using supervised committee machine neuralnetwork(SCMNN)[J].Journal of Petroleum Science andEngineering,73(3-4):227-232.
Tang Y H,Zhang X J,Gao J H.2009.Method of oil/gas predictionbased on optimization of seismic attributes and support vectormachine[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(1):75-80.
Wang X W,Deng G Z,Han F M,et al.2013.The application ofreservoir West Coast area prediction technique in of Ecuador[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(3):1490-1496.
Wei Z P.2009.Application of spectrum-decomposition tuning bodytechnique to quantitatively predict thin reservoir[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):337-340.
Xiao K Y,Hu X Y.2009.Forward seismic modeling technology inthe application of interpretation[J].Chinese Journal ofEngineering Geophysics(in Chinese),6(4):459-464.
Xiong R,Zhao J L,Hou G F.2013.Using spectral decompositiontechnology and seismic peak attribute analysis for prediction ofthin sandstone reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(inChinese),34(2):225-227.
Xu S M,Zhai S K,Li S Z,et al.2001.An analysis on sequencestratigraphy and sedimentary system of early Neocene in Qikousag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica(in Chinese),19(3):363-367.
Yang L Q.2003.A review of well log constrained seismic inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),18(3):530-534.
Yong S H,Zhang C M.1996.Digital processing and integrateinterpretation of well data[M].Beijing:Publishing House ofOil Industry.
Yuan Z Y,Kong L H,Wang C L.2006.Application of spectrumdecomposition in reservoir prediction[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),41(Supplement):11-15.
Zhang X H,Zhou D W.2007.Application of radial basis function inNan Ni Wan oil field[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(1):213-217.
Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1129-1133.
Zhang Z H,Su M J,Liu H Q,et al.2012.High-precision analysistechnology of seismic sequence strata and its application:a casestudy of Binhai region in Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment(in Chinese),34(6):648-652.
Zhao J.2004.Application of the seismic attributes technology insedimentary facies analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),43(Supplement):67-69.Zhao L M,Lang X L,Jin F M,et al.2001.Application of waveformclassification technique in the prediction of subtle reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),28(6):53-55.
Zou X N,Sun W,Zhang M B,et al.2006.The application ofseismic attributes analysis to lithologic gas reservoir description[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),36(2):289-294.
鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟,等.2006.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究[J].石油物探,45(1):28-33.
曹丹平,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.2009.多尺度地震资料联合反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,52(4):1059-1067.
曹卿荣,李珮,仝敏波,等.2013.基于地震正演和属性分析技术预测河道砂体[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):69-74.
陈春继,冯世民,莫阿玲,等.2012.90°相移技术在岩性解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(1):95-99.
陈旭,陈红汉,董玉文,等.2010.地震沉积学研究方法评析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,30(1):54-60.
崔成军,龚姚进,申大媛.2010.波阻抗反演在储层预测研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(1):9-15.
董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.2006.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,24(5):698-704.
董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.2008.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,26(2):234-240.
侯伯刚,杨池银,武站国,等.2004.地震属性及其在储层预测中的影响因素[J].石油地球物理勘探,39(5):553-558.
井西利,王明利.2013.基于地震属性相关主成分分析的储层预测[J].燕山大学学报,37(3):250-253.
李丽,吕福亮,范国章,等.2012.海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究-以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1020-1025.
林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.2007.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,28(2):69-72.
凌云.2003.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(6):642-653.
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