北京平原区夏垫断裂的多源遥感影像特征
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摘要
1679年9月2日三河—平谷8.0级地震在地表形成总体走向N40°~45°E,倾角60°~70°,长达10 km的破裂带。该文采用Landsat-8、SPOT-5、SAR、GDEM、Google Earth多源遥感影像研究夏垫断裂的遥感影像特征。利用ERDAS软件,对Landsat-8影像按7∶4∶2依次为R、G、B分量作彩色合成增强处理,突出影像的线性构造特征;对Landsat-8和SPOT-5影像、Landsat-8和SAR影像分别进行融合处理,丰富影像的光谱信息;对GDEM与SPOT影像进行三维叠加,突出影像的三维特征;对SAR影像进行斑点压缩、方向滤波处理,突出影像平行断裂方向的线性特征。文中分析、对比了Google Earth和SPOT-5影像上地震陡坎的特征,陡坎在SPOT-5影像上表现较明显,但在影像上表现不出较低陡坎,同时,在两种影像上容易将绿色植被、狭窄道路或其它地物误认为陡坎;SAR滤波后的影像表现出暗色的线性条带;Landsat-8和SAR融合后的影像表现出较宽的异常条带,该条带指示断裂带所在位置。
Sanhe-Pinggu Ms8. 0 earthquake on September 2nd,1679 forms a whole trend N40° ~ 45°E,dip angle60° ~ 70°,10 km-long rupture zone at the surface. This paper analyzes image characteristics of Xiadian Fault through multiple remote sensing images,such as Landsat-8,SPOT-5,SAR,GDEM and Google Earth. By ERDAS,we use color enhanced processing of Landsat-8 image,R: G: B following 7: 4: 2 as color component,to stress linear structural features; we make a fusion of Landsat-8 and SPOT-5 images,Landsat-8 and SAR images,respectively,to enrich spectral information. For GDEM and SPOT images,we use three-dimensional stack to stress three-dimensional features. For the SAR image,we use speckle compression and direction filtering enhancement to stress linear features of paralleling fracture direction. After processing,we analyze and compare the earthquake scarp features on Google Earth and SPOT-5 images. Scarps appear on SPOT-5 image significantly,but lower scarps have no obvious features.Meanwhile,it is easy to consider green vegetation,narrow road or other surface features as scarps on images. After filtered,SAR image shows a dark linear strip. Fusion image of SAR and Landsat-8 images show a wide abnormal band,indicating the strip fault location.
Sanhe-Pinggu Ms8. 0 earthquake on September 2nd,1679 forms a whole trend N40° ~ 45°E,dip angle60° ~ 70°,10 km-long rupture zone at the surface. This paper analyzes image characteristics of Xiadian Fault through multiple remote sensing images,such as Landsat-8,SPOT-5,SAR,GDEM and Google Earth. By ERDAS,we use color enhanced processing of Landsat-8 image,R: G: B following 7: 4: 2 as color component,to stress linear structural features; we make a fusion of Landsat-8 and SPOT-5 images,Landsat-8 and SAR images,respectively,to enrich spectral information. For GDEM and SPOT images,we use three-dimensional stack to stress three-dimensional features. For the SAR image,we use speckle compression and direction filtering enhancement to stress linear features of paralleling fracture direction. After processing,we analyze and compare the earthquake scarp features on Google Earth and SPOT-5 images. Scarps appear on SPOT-5 image significantly,but lower scarps have no obvious features.Meanwhile,it is easy to consider green vegetation,narrow road or other surface features as scarps on images. After filtered,SAR image shows a dark linear strip. Fusion image of SAR and Landsat-8 images show a wide abnormal band,indicating the strip fault location.
引文
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[13]毛昌伟,丁锐,龚正,等.1679年三河-平谷8级地震地表断层陡坎的GPS测量[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2010,25(1):11-18.
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[2]洪顺英,申旭辉,赖木收,等.阿尔泰山东缘主要活动断裂影像特征分析[J].地震地质,2006,28(1):119-128.
[3]荆燕,冯希杰,戴王强,等.利用Envisat-1数据与ETM数据融合对陕西临潼—长安断裂中段定位[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,53(3):514-520.
[4]董彦芳,袁小祥,王晓青,等.2010年青海玉树Ms7.1地震地表破裂特征的高分辨率遥感分析[J].地震,2012,32(1):82-92.
[5]张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.三河—平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):10-20.
[6]冉勇康,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1679年三河—平谷8级地震发震断层的古地震及其重复间隔[J].地震地质,1997,19(3):2-10.
[7]孟宪梁,杜春涛,王瑞,等.1679年三河—平谷大震的地震断裂带[J].地震,1983,3(3):18-23.
[8]向宏发,方仲景,徐杰,等.三河—平谷8级地震区的构造背景与大震重复性研究[J].地震地质,1988,10(1):15-28.
[9]高清武,范树全.夏垫断裂断层气在地震前的异常反映[J].地震,1992,12(2):73-76.
[10]江娃利.1679年三河—平谷8级地震夏垫地震破裂带右旋走滑位移量计算[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,1999,14(2):1-6.
[11]徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):9-19.
[12]江娃利,侯治华,肖振敏,等.北京平原夏垫断裂齐心庄探槽古地震事件分析[J].地震地质,2000,22(4):413-422.
[13]毛昌伟,丁锐,龚正,等.1679年三河-平谷8级地震地表断层陡坎的GPS测量[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2010,25(1):11-18.
[14]刘保金,张先康,陈颐,等.三河—平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究—利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面[J].地球物理学报,2011,64(5):1251-1259.
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