地层切片的合理性及影响因素
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摘要
针对利用地层切片研究沉积是否合理的问题,开展了正演模拟实验研究,发现在地层厚度不大(特别是小于1/4地震子波长度)的砂泥岩薄互层条件下,地层切片较沿层切片更加贴近沉积等时面,能够更加清晰地反映单砂体的平面分布轮廓及沉积纵向演化。影响地层切片地质效果的因素包括标志层选取是否等时、地层内部结构是否相对简单、沉积体规模是否小于地层切片范围、纵向上多层储集体叠置模式、复杂沉积环境及后生成岩作用、单位厚度地层内岩性组合的复杂程度、特殊地质体对下伏目的层地震反射的影响以及原始地震资料品质等。
In order to investigate the controversy about the rationality in employing the stratal slicing to study the sedimentary rocks and sedimentary evolution,the forward modeling experiments were carried out in this paper.The result suggests that the stratal slicing is closer to the sedimentary isochronous surfaces than horizontal slices under the condition of interbedded thin layers(especially thinner than half of a wavelet).Also,the stratal slicing is more applicable to clearly delineate the distribution and the shape of a single sand unit.Further more,the historical evolution of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary facies can be exhibited in a better way when using the stratal slicing.The main factors that affect the quality of stratal slicing imaging are as follows.(1)whether the controlling horizons are of geologically isochronous meaning;(2)whether the internal sedimentary structure of the formation is relatively simple;(3)whether the scale of sedimentary body is smaller than that of the stratal slice;(4)superimposed model of longitudinal multilayer sands;(5)complicated sedimentary environments;(6)epigenetic diagenesis;(7)complexity of the lithology combination;and(8)the quality of the seismic data.
In order to investigate the controversy about the rationality in employing the stratal slicing to study the sedimentary rocks and sedimentary evolution,the forward modeling experiments were carried out in this paper.The result suggests that the stratal slicing is closer to the sedimentary isochronous surfaces than horizontal slices under the condition of interbedded thin layers(especially thinner than half of a wavelet).Also,the stratal slicing is more applicable to clearly delineate the distribution and the shape of a single sand unit.Further more,the historical evolution of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary facies can be exhibited in a better way when using the stratal slicing.The main factors that affect the quality of stratal slicing imaging are as follows.(1)whether the controlling horizons are of geologically isochronous meaning;(2)whether the internal sedimentary structure of the formation is relatively simple;(3)whether the scale of sedimentary body is smaller than that of the stratal slice;(4)superimposed model of longitudinal multilayer sands;(5)complicated sedimentary environments;(6)epigenetic diagenesis;(7)complexity of the lithology combination;and(8)the quality of the seismic data.
引文
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[10]Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concepts of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary applications[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71.[林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.]
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[16]Li Xiupeng,Zeng Hongliu,Zha Ming.Mapping deltaic depositional systems using seismic Sedimentology[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Sience&Technology,2008,35(6):625-629.[李秀鹏,曾洪流,查明.地震沉积学在识别三角洲沉积体系中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(6):625-629.]
[17]Sun Hailei,Wu haibo,Wang Yafeng,et al.Researches on seismic sedimentology for Yao No.2and No.3members in Yingtai-Da′an area[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2010,29(3):32-36.[孙海雷,吴海波,王雅峰,等.英台一大安地区姚二三段地震沉积学研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(3):32-36.]
[18]Xie Yuhong,Liu Lihui,Chen Zhihong.Seismic Sedimentologic Study and Its Application in Lithology Prediction,South China Sea[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:1-151.[谢玉洪,刘力辉,陈志宏.中国南海地震沉积学研究及其在岩性预测中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:1-151.]
[19]Liu Baoguo,Liu Lihui.Application of practical seismic sedimentology in depositional facies analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):266-271.[刘保国,刘力辉.实用地震沉积学在沉积相分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):266-271.]
[20]Zhang Yina,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli.Seismic sedimentology and its application in south area of central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):74-79.[张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.]
[21]Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Tao.Seismic sedimentology and its application in shallow sea area,gentle slope belt of Chengning Uplift[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):471-479.
[22]Li Bin,Song Yan,He Yuping,et al.Discussion and application of seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(6):820-826.[李斌,宋岩,何玉萍,等.地震沉积学探讨及应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):820-826.]
[23]Hong Zhong,Liu Huaqing,Su Mingjun,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology in the area with complex lithologies:A case from the second member of Shahejie Formation in Qibei Sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(3):40-44.[洪忠,刘化清,苏明军,等.地震沉积学在复杂岩性地区的应用—以歧北地区沙二段为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(3):40-44.]
[24]Guo Xuan,Pan Jianguo,Tan Kaijun,et al.Application of Seismic sedimentology in Triassic Baikouquan Formation of western Mahu slope of Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geosience.2012,23(2):359-364.[郭璇,潘建国,谭开俊,等.地震沉积学在准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡区三叠系百口泉组的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):359-364.]
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