南海深水多次波成像
摘要
南海海域水深可达5 km,是我国未来油气勘探最有前景的区域.南海海域地震资料含有各种类型多次波,在地震成像前需将多次波去除.然而与传统的一次反射波偏移比较,多次波携带更多的地下结构信息,多次波偏移可提供更好的地下成像.本文提出了一种修改传统逆时偏移的方法,利用多次波进行成像.该方法用包含一次波和多次波的记录代替震源子波,用预测多次波代替一次反射波作为输入数据.在逆时偏移处理流程中,将地表多次波记录沿时间延拓到各个深度层,通过互相关成像条件将包含一次波和多次波的地震记录沿时间延拓到相同深度层.将多次波偏移结果与一次波偏移结果的差应用目标函数进行匹配,弥补一次波偏移的不足.对Sigsbee2B数据做数值测试的结果表明与传统一次反射波偏移相比,该方法可以得到范围更大、均衡性更好的地下照明度.将该方法应用到南海深水实际资料成像,获得了南海深水地震资料多次波成像剖面.偏移结果表明,多次波成像可以弥补反射波照明的不足,由此说明多次波偏移是未来的一个重要研究方向.
引文
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Vasconcelos I,Snieder R,Hornby B.2008.Imaging internal multiples from subsalt VSP data—Examples of target-oriented interferometry.Geophysics,73:S157–S168
Verschuurd D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1992.Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,57:1166–1177
Verschuurd D J,Berkhout A J.2005.Transforming multiples into primaries:Experience with field data.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.75 :2103–2106
Yu J,Schuster G.2002.Joint migration of primary and multiple reflections in RVSP data.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.72:2373–2376
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.1994.Multiple technology:Part 2,migration of multiple reflections.In:64th,Annual International Meeting,SEG.64 :1497–500
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.2003.Transformation of multiples into primary reflections.In:2003 SEG Annual Meeting,26–31 October,Dallas,Texas.73:1925–1928
Brown M P,Guitton A.2005.Least-squares joint imaging of multiples and primaries.Geophysics,70:s79–s89
Chang W,Mcmechan G A.1987.Elastic reverse-time migration.Geophysics,52:1365–1375
Clearbout J F.1968.Synthesis of a layered medium form its acoustic transmission response.Geophysics,33:264–269
Guitton A.2002.Shot-profile migration of multiple reflections.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.Expanded Abstracts,72:1296–1299
He R,Schuster G.2003.Least-squares migration of both primaries and multiples.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.73:1035–1038
Jiang Z Y,Sheng J M,Yu J H,et al.2007.Migration methods for imaging different-order multiples.Geophys Prospect,55:1–19
Liu Y K,Chang X,Jin D G,et al.2011.Reverse time migration of multiples for subsalt imaging.Geophysics,76:209–216
Muijs R,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K.2007.Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections:Part II—Identification and removal of residual multiples.Geophysics,72:S71–S6
Paffenholz J,Mclain B,Zaske J,et al.2002.Subsalt multiple attenuation and imaging:Observations from the Sigsbee2B synthetic dataset.In:Annual International meeting,SEG.72:2122–2125
Reiter E C,Toks M N,Keho T H,et al.1991.Imaging with deep-water multiples.Geophysics,56:1081–1086
Schuster G T,Yu J,Sheng J,et al.2004.Interferometric/daylight seismic imaging.Geophys J Int,157:838–852
Shan G.2003.Source-receiver migration of multiple reflections.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.73:1008–1011
Sheng J.2001.Migration of multiples and primaries in CDP data by crosscorrelation migration.In:71st Annual International Meeting,SEG.71:1297–1230
Vasconcelos I,Snieder R,Hornby B.2008.Imaging internal multiples from subsalt VSP data—Examples of target-oriented interferometry.Geophysics,73:S157–S168
Verschuurd D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1992.Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,57:1166–1177
Verschuurd D J,Berkhout A J.2005.Transforming multiples into primaries:Experience with field data.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.75 :2103–2106
Yu J,Schuster G.2002.Joint migration of primary and multiple reflections in RVSP data.In:Annual International Meeting,SEG.72:2373–2376
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