地震应急救援标准体系及其关键标准研究
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摘要
为明确中国地震应急救援标准体系发展的方向和重点,更好地指导地震应急救援的标准化工作。在充分调研国内应急救援标准体系相关研究的基础上,分别从地震应急救援准备、应急救援响应和应急救援恢复3个方面对中国和国际标准化组织、美国、英国、德国等标准研究机构及协会颁布的近200项突发事件应急救援标准进行归纳和研究。结合中国突发事件应急管理和地震灾害应急救援工作机制的特点,提出中国地震应急救援标准体系的构建原则、地震应急救援标准体系结构和急需编制的关键标准。
For the sake of picturing the direction and key points of future development of Chinese earthquake emergency response and rescue standards and standard system,200 international,foreign and Chinese national standards related to incident and earthquake emergency response and rescue were analyzed,summarized and classified according to 3 aspects of earthquake emergency management,emergency preparedness,emergency response and emergency recovery.The possible structure of Chinese standard system for earthquake emergency response and rescue and the key standards needing urgently to be established were given based on the detailed investigation and analyzing of the characteristics of Chinese national earthquake emergency management mechanism.
For the sake of picturing the direction and key points of future development of Chinese earthquake emergency response and rescue standards and standard system,200 international,foreign and Chinese national standards related to incident and earthquake emergency response and rescue were analyzed,summarized and classified according to 3 aspects of earthquake emergency management,emergency preparedness,emergency response and emergency recovery.The possible structure of Chinese standard system for earthquake emergency response and rescue and the key standards needing urgently to be established were given based on the detailed investigation and analyzing of the characteristics of Chinese national earthquake emergency management mechanism.
引文
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[2]李忠强,王金玉,申世飞,等.我国应急标准体系建设初探[J].标准科学,2011(5):42-46.LI Zhong-qiang,WANG Jin-yu,SHEN Shi-fei,et al.Probe on the construction of emergency standards system inChina[J].Standard Science,2011(5):42-46.
[3]汪云峰,白庆华,周晓莉.城市突发公共事件应急管理标准体系框架研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(11):84-89.WANG Yun-feng,BAI Qing-hua,ZHOU Xiao-li.Study on standard system framework model of urban emergency manage-ment[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(11):84-89.
[4]王宇航,樊晶光,缴瑰,等.建立我国安全生产应急救援标准体系的初步构想[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(3):55-59.WANG Yu-hang,FAN Jing-guang,JIAO Gui,et al.Framework study on the emergency rescue standards for work acci-dents in China[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2006,2(3):55-59.
[5]ISO22320-2011,Societal Security-Emergency Management-Requirements for Incident Response[S].
[6]ISO22312-2011,Societal Security-Technological Capabilities[S].
[7]ISO/PAS 22399-2007,Societal Security-Guideline for Incident Preparedness and Operational Continuity Management[S].
[8]ISO Guide 73-2009,Risk Management-Vocabulary[S].
[9]ISO31000-2009,Risk Management--Principles and Guidelines[S].
[10]ISO/IEC 31010-2009,Risk Management--Risk Assessment Techniques[S].
[11]ISO23601-2009,Safety Identification--Escape and Evacuation Plan Signs[S].
[12]ISO820-1987,Acoustics--Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal[S].
[13]ANSI/NFPA 1600-2010,Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs[S].
[14]ANSI/NFPA 1620-2010,Standard for Pre-incident Planning[S].
[15]ASTM E2640-2010,Standard Guide for Resource Management in Emergency Management and Homeland Security[S].
[16]ASTM F1288-2009,Standard Guide for Planning for and Response to a Multiple Casualty Incident[S].
[17]ANSI/NFPA 1620-2003,Recommended Practice for Pre-incident Planning[S].
[18]ASTM E2668-2010,Standard Guide for Emergency Operations Center(EOC)Development[S].
[19]ANSI/NFPA1561-2008.Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System[S].
[20]ASTM F1422-2008,Standard Guide for Using the Incident Command System Framework in Managing Search and RescueOperations[S].
[21]ANSI ATIS0300211.a-2007,Information Interchange-Structure and Coded Representation of National Security andEmergency Preparedness(NS/EP)Telecommunications Service Priority(TSP)Codes for the North American Telecom-munications System[S].
[22]ASTM F1764-2007,Standard Guide for Selection of Hardline Communication Systems for Confined-space Rescue[S].
[23]ASTM F1221-2006,Standard Guide for Interagency Information Exchange[S].
[24]ASTM E2238-2002,Standard Guide for Evacuation Route Diagrams[S].
[25]ANSI S3.41-1990,Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal[S].
[26]ASTM F1846-2008,Standard Practice for Symbols and Markings for Use with Land Search Maps[S].
[27]ASTM F1768-2007,Standard Guide for Using Whistle Signals during Rope Rescue Operations[S].
[28]ANSI INCITS 415-2006,Homeland Security Mapping Standard-point Symbology for Emergency Management[S].
[29]ANSI/IEEE 1512-2006,Standard for Common Incident Management Message Sets for Use by Emergency ManagementCenters[S].
[30]ASTM F1584-2003,Standard Practice for Marking Buildings during Disaster Search Operations[S].
[31]ASTM F1633-2008,Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search[S].
[32]ASTM F1767-2005,Standard Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue[S].
[33]NFPA 1410-2005,Standard on Training for Initial Emergency Scene Operations[S].
[34]NFPA 1670-2009,Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents[S].
[35]ASTM F1993-2005,Standard Classification of Human Search and Rescue Resources[S].
[36]ASTM F2662-2008,Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents[S].
[37]NFPA1006-2008,Standard for Rescuer Professional Qualifications[S].
[38]NFPA 1026-2009,Standard for Incident Management Personnel Professional Qualifications[S].
[39]ASTM F2209-2010,Standard Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team Member[S].
[40]ASTM F1848-2005,Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams[S].
[41]BSI BIP2034-2008,Disaster and Emergency Management System[S].
[42]BS CWA 15931-1-2009,Disaster and Emergency Management-shared Situation Awareness-message Structure[S].
[43]中国地震局.地震标准汇编2009[M].北京:地震出版社,2009:1-304.China Earthquake Admonistration.Compilation of Eathquake Standards 2009[M].Beijing:Eathquake Press,2009:1-304.
[44]GB/T 13016—2009,标准体系表编制原则和要求[S].GB/T 13016-2009,Principles and Requirement for Preparing Diagrams of Standard System[S].
[2]李忠强,王金玉,申世飞,等.我国应急标准体系建设初探[J].标准科学,2011(5):42-46.LI Zhong-qiang,WANG Jin-yu,SHEN Shi-fei,et al.Probe on the construction of emergency standards system inChina[J].Standard Science,2011(5):42-46.
[3]汪云峰,白庆华,周晓莉.城市突发公共事件应急管理标准体系框架研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(11):84-89.WANG Yun-feng,BAI Qing-hua,ZHOU Xiao-li.Study on standard system framework model of urban emergency manage-ment[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(11):84-89.
[4]王宇航,樊晶光,缴瑰,等.建立我国安全生产应急救援标准体系的初步构想[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(3):55-59.WANG Yu-hang,FAN Jing-guang,JIAO Gui,et al.Framework study on the emergency rescue standards for work acci-dents in China[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2006,2(3):55-59.
[5]ISO22320-2011,Societal Security-Emergency Management-Requirements for Incident Response[S].
[6]ISO22312-2011,Societal Security-Technological Capabilities[S].
[7]ISO/PAS 22399-2007,Societal Security-Guideline for Incident Preparedness and Operational Continuity Management[S].
[8]ISO Guide 73-2009,Risk Management-Vocabulary[S].
[9]ISO31000-2009,Risk Management--Principles and Guidelines[S].
[10]ISO/IEC 31010-2009,Risk Management--Risk Assessment Techniques[S].
[11]ISO23601-2009,Safety Identification--Escape and Evacuation Plan Signs[S].
[12]ISO820-1987,Acoustics--Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal[S].
[13]ANSI/NFPA 1600-2010,Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs[S].
[14]ANSI/NFPA 1620-2010,Standard for Pre-incident Planning[S].
[15]ASTM E2640-2010,Standard Guide for Resource Management in Emergency Management and Homeland Security[S].
[16]ASTM F1288-2009,Standard Guide for Planning for and Response to a Multiple Casualty Incident[S].
[17]ANSI/NFPA 1620-2003,Recommended Practice for Pre-incident Planning[S].
[18]ASTM E2668-2010,Standard Guide for Emergency Operations Center(EOC)Development[S].
[19]ANSI/NFPA1561-2008.Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System[S].
[20]ASTM F1422-2008,Standard Guide for Using the Incident Command System Framework in Managing Search and RescueOperations[S].
[21]ANSI ATIS0300211.a-2007,Information Interchange-Structure and Coded Representation of National Security andEmergency Preparedness(NS/EP)Telecommunications Service Priority(TSP)Codes for the North American Telecom-munications System[S].
[22]ASTM F1764-2007,Standard Guide for Selection of Hardline Communication Systems for Confined-space Rescue[S].
[23]ASTM F1221-2006,Standard Guide for Interagency Information Exchange[S].
[24]ASTM E2238-2002,Standard Guide for Evacuation Route Diagrams[S].
[25]ANSI S3.41-1990,Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal[S].
[26]ASTM F1846-2008,Standard Practice for Symbols and Markings for Use with Land Search Maps[S].
[27]ASTM F1768-2007,Standard Guide for Using Whistle Signals during Rope Rescue Operations[S].
[28]ANSI INCITS 415-2006,Homeland Security Mapping Standard-point Symbology for Emergency Management[S].
[29]ANSI/IEEE 1512-2006,Standard for Common Incident Management Message Sets for Use by Emergency ManagementCenters[S].
[30]ASTM F1584-2003,Standard Practice for Marking Buildings during Disaster Search Operations[S].
[31]ASTM F1633-2008,Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search[S].
[32]ASTM F1767-2005,Standard Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue[S].
[33]NFPA 1410-2005,Standard on Training for Initial Emergency Scene Operations[S].
[34]NFPA 1670-2009,Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents[S].
[35]ASTM F1993-2005,Standard Classification of Human Search and Rescue Resources[S].
[36]ASTM F2662-2008,Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents[S].
[37]NFPA1006-2008,Standard for Rescuer Professional Qualifications[S].
[38]NFPA 1026-2009,Standard for Incident Management Personnel Professional Qualifications[S].
[39]ASTM F2209-2010,Standard Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team Member[S].
[40]ASTM F1848-2005,Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams[S].
[41]BSI BIP2034-2008,Disaster and Emergency Management System[S].
[42]BS CWA 15931-1-2009,Disaster and Emergency Management-shared Situation Awareness-message Structure[S].
[43]中国地震局.地震标准汇编2009[M].北京:地震出版社,2009:1-304.China Earthquake Admonistration.Compilation of Eathquake Standards 2009[M].Beijing:Eathquake Press,2009:1-304.
[44]GB/T 13016—2009,标准体系表编制原则和要求[S].GB/T 13016-2009,Principles and Requirement for Preparing Diagrams of Standard System[S].
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