含软夹层层状沉积谷地对P、SV和Rayleigh波的散射
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摘要
沉积河谷对地震动具有显著的放大效应,而软夹层的存在对其放大程度具有较大影响。采用一种高精度有限元-间接边界积分方程耦合方法,对P、SV和Rayleigh波入射下含软夹层层状沉积谷地地震响应进行计算分析。分析表明,软夹层的影响规律依赖于入射波的波型、频率和角度、软夹层的厚度和埋深等因素。整体上看,对于地表位移,较低频率地震波入射下,软夹层的放大效应比较明显,且较厚夹层在浅埋情况下的放大作用更为显著;对高频波入射则主要表现为减震效应。对于地表加速度,软夹层主要表现出降幅作用,降低幅度可达30%。另外,总体上软夹层对于P波的影响要大于对SV波的影响。
Sedimentary valley has significant amplification effect on ground motion,and the existence of the soft interlayer has a great influence on the amplification effect. The seismic responses of layered sedimentary valley containing soft interlayer under P,SV and Rayleigh waves incidence are calculated and analyzed by a highly accurate finite element-indirect boundary integral coupling method. Numerical results illustrate that the influence features of the soft interlayer on the ground motion of the valley strongly depend on the incident frequency and angle,soft layer's thickness and buried depth. On the whole,As for the earthquake displacement amplitude,soft interlayer has a marked amplification effect,which seems more obvious for low frequency waves and thick soft layer with shallow depth; while for high frequency waves,the effect of vibration reduction may be more dominant. As for the ground surface acceleration,the soft interlayer mainly shows deamplification effect,which can be up to 30%. In Addition,the effect of soft interlayer seems more significant for P waves incidence than that of SV waves incidence.
Sedimentary valley has significant amplification effect on ground motion,and the existence of the soft interlayer has a great influence on the amplification effect. The seismic responses of layered sedimentary valley containing soft interlayer under P,SV and Rayleigh waves incidence are calculated and analyzed by a highly accurate finite element-indirect boundary integral coupling method. Numerical results illustrate that the influence features of the soft interlayer on the ground motion of the valley strongly depend on the incident frequency and angle,soft layer's thickness and buried depth. On the whole,As for the earthquake displacement amplitude,soft interlayer has a marked amplification effect,which seems more obvious for low frequency waves and thick soft layer with shallow depth; while for high frequency waves,the effect of vibration reduction may be more dominant. As for the ground surface acceleration,the soft interlayer mainly shows deamplification effect,which can be up to 30%. In Addition,the effect of soft interlayer seems more significant for P waves incidence than that of SV waves incidence.
引文
[1]Trifunac M D.Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley for incident plane SH waves[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1971,61:1755-1770.
[2]Yuan X M,Liao Z P.Scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical alluvial valley of circular-arc cross-section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24(10):1303-1313.
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[4]周国良,李小军,侯春林,等.SV波入射下河谷地形地震动分布特征分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1161-1166.ZHOU Guoliang,LI Xiaojun,HOU Chunlin,et al.Characteristic analysis of ground motions of canyon topography under incident SV seismic waves[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1161-1166.(in Chinese)
[5]Boore D M,Larner K L,Aki K.Comparison of two independent methods for the solution of wave scattering problems:response of a sedimentary basin to incident SH waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(2):558-569.
[6]Sanchez-Sesma F J,Ramos-Martinez J,Campillor M.An indirect boundary element method applied to simulate the seismic response of alluvial valleys for incident P,S and Rayleigh waves[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22(4):279-295.
[7]刘中宪,梁建文,赵瑞斌.流体饱和层状半空间中沉积谷地对地震波的散射——IBIEM求解[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(3):512-522.LIU Zhongxian,LIANG Jianwen,ZHAO Ruibin.Indirect boundary integral equation method for solving scattering of seismic waves by an alluvial valley in fluid poroelastic layered half-space[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(3):512-522.(in Chinese)
[8]Kawase H,Keiiti A K.A study on the response of a soft basin for incident P,S,Rayleigh waves with special reference to the long duration observed in Mexico city[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1989,79(5):1361-1382.
[9]Dravinski M,Mossessian T K.Application of a hybrid method for scattering of P,SV and Rayleigh waves by near-surface irregularities[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(5):1784-1803.
[10]Wang Y,Takenaka H,Furumura T.Effect of vertical velocity gradient on ground motion in a sediment-filled basin due to incident SV wave[J].Earth Planets and Space,2000,52(1):13-24.
[11]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有软弱土层的层状场地对入射SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161-165.CHEN Rong,CHEN Zhuchang,XUE Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata extremely soft soil layer to incident SH waves[J].China Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161-165.(in Chinese)
[12]陈国兴,陈继华.软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(3):66-73.CHEN Guoxing,CHEN Jihua.The effect of depth and thickness of soft soil layer on earthquake response for deep soft sites[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(3):66-73.(in Chinese)
[13]梁建文,巴振宁.弹性层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射平面SH波的放大作用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):1-9.LIANG Jianwen,BA Zhenning.Surfacemotion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plant SH waves[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2007,27(3):1-9.(in Chinese)
[14]李伟华,赵成刚.含软夹层的层状沉积河谷场地的地震动力响应分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):45-58.LI Weihua,ZHAO Chenggang.Analysis of seismic dynamic response of layered alluvial valleys with soft interlayer[J].Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):45-58.(in Chinese)
[15]Dravinski M,Mossessian T K.Scattering of plane harmonic P,SV,and Rayleigh waves by dipping layers of arbitrary shape[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(1):212-235.
[16]薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):35-40.BO Jingshan,LI Xiuling,LIU Hongshuai.Effects of soil layer construction on peak accelerations of ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2003,23(3):35-40.(in Chinese)
[2]Yuan X M,Liao Z P.Scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical alluvial valley of circular-arc cross-section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24(10):1303-1313.
[3]梁建文,张郁山,顾晓鲁,等.圆弧形层状沉积河谷场地在平面SH波入射下动力响应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):396-401.LIANG Jianwen,ZHANG Yushan,GU Xiaolu,et al.Surface motion of circular-arc layered alluvial valleys for incident plane SH waves[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):396-401.(in Chinese)
[4]周国良,李小军,侯春林,等.SV波入射下河谷地形地震动分布特征分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1161-1166.ZHOU Guoliang,LI Xiaojun,HOU Chunlin,et al.Characteristic analysis of ground motions of canyon topography under incident SV seismic waves[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1161-1166.(in Chinese)
[5]Boore D M,Larner K L,Aki K.Comparison of two independent methods for the solution of wave scattering problems:response of a sedimentary basin to incident SH waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(2):558-569.
[6]Sanchez-Sesma F J,Ramos-Martinez J,Campillor M.An indirect boundary element method applied to simulate the seismic response of alluvial valleys for incident P,S and Rayleigh waves[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22(4):279-295.
[7]刘中宪,梁建文,赵瑞斌.流体饱和层状半空间中沉积谷地对地震波的散射——IBIEM求解[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(3):512-522.LIU Zhongxian,LIANG Jianwen,ZHAO Ruibin.Indirect boundary integral equation method for solving scattering of seismic waves by an alluvial valley in fluid poroelastic layered half-space[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(3):512-522.(in Chinese)
[8]Kawase H,Keiiti A K.A study on the response of a soft basin for incident P,S,Rayleigh waves with special reference to the long duration observed in Mexico city[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1989,79(5):1361-1382.
[9]Dravinski M,Mossessian T K.Application of a hybrid method for scattering of P,SV and Rayleigh waves by near-surface irregularities[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(5):1784-1803.
[10]Wang Y,Takenaka H,Furumura T.Effect of vertical velocity gradient on ground motion in a sediment-filled basin due to incident SV wave[J].Earth Planets and Space,2000,52(1):13-24.
[11]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有软弱土层的层状场地对入射SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161-165.CHEN Rong,CHEN Zhuchang,XUE Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata extremely soft soil layer to incident SH waves[J].China Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161-165.(in Chinese)
[12]陈国兴,陈继华.软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(3):66-73.CHEN Guoxing,CHEN Jihua.The effect of depth and thickness of soft soil layer on earthquake response for deep soft sites[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(3):66-73.(in Chinese)
[13]梁建文,巴振宁.弹性层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射平面SH波的放大作用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):1-9.LIANG Jianwen,BA Zhenning.Surfacemotion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plant SH waves[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2007,27(3):1-9.(in Chinese)
[14]李伟华,赵成刚.含软夹层的层状沉积河谷场地的地震动力响应分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):45-58.LI Weihua,ZHAO Chenggang.Analysis of seismic dynamic response of layered alluvial valleys with soft interlayer[J].Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):45-58.(in Chinese)
[15]Dravinski M,Mossessian T K.Scattering of plane harmonic P,SV,and Rayleigh waves by dipping layers of arbitrary shape[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(1):212-235.
[16]薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):35-40.BO Jingshan,LI Xiuling,LIU Hongshuai.Effects of soil layer construction on peak accelerations of ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2003,23(3):35-40.(in Chinese)
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