雅安地震灾区宝兴县聚落空间特征分析
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摘要
宝兴县地处龙门山断裂带上,在汶川和芦山两次强地震的作用下,聚落及其山区生态环境损毁严重.利用遥感数据和GIS技术,选取海拔、坡度、坡向3个聚落生境因子,揭示山区聚落生境特征;在此基础上,利用CV值、NNI指数、VCM曲线和分形模型,阐明聚落的空间分布规律.研究表明,海拔1 900m以下、坡度小于35°且阳坡地带是宝兴县聚落的主要分布区,是山区居民长期适应山地环境的反映.山区聚落主要沿河流集聚性分布,且集聚特征显著.可为灾后恢复重建、新型城镇化建设提供参考.
Located at the Longmenshan fracture zone,Baoxing County's settlement and mountain ecological environment were severely damaged during two fierce earthquakes,Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquakes.This article picks 3settlement habitat factors—altitude,gradient,and slope aspect,reveals the features of settlement habitat in mountain area,examines the CV value,NNI index,VCM curve and fractal model,and illustrates the spatial distribution patterns of human settlements.The result shows that the main distribution area of Baoxing County's settlement is an adret slope where the altitude is below 1 900 mand the slope is less than 35°,which is reflected by the fact that mountain area residents have adapted to mountain environment for ages.The comprehensive analysis on CV value,NNI index,VCM curve,and fractal dimension shows that the human settlement of mountain area is mainly clustering distributed along the river and with significant feature.It can provide reference frame for the restoration and reconstruction after disasters and new pattern urbanization.
Located at the Longmenshan fracture zone,Baoxing County's settlement and mountain ecological environment were severely damaged during two fierce earthquakes,Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquakes.This article picks 3settlement habitat factors—altitude,gradient,and slope aspect,reveals the features of settlement habitat in mountain area,examines the CV value,NNI index,VCM curve and fractal model,and illustrates the spatial distribution patterns of human settlements.The result shows that the main distribution area of Baoxing County's settlement is an adret slope where the altitude is below 1 900 mand the slope is less than 35°,which is reflected by the fact that mountain area residents have adapted to mountain environment for ages.The comprehensive analysis on CV value,NNI index,VCM curve,and fractal dimension shows that the human settlement of mountain area is mainly clustering distributed along the river and with significant feature.It can provide reference frame for the restoration and reconstruction after disasters and new pattern urbanization.
引文
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[7]李红波,张小林,吴江国,等.欠发达地区聚落景观空间分布特征及其影响因子分析——以安徽省宿州地区为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(6):711-716.
[8]秦喜文,张树清,李晓峰,等.基于Voronoi图的丹顶鹤巢址空间格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2118-2122.
[9]党国峰,杨玉霞,张晖.基于Voronoi图的居民点空间分布特征研究——以甘肃省为例[J].资源开发与市场,2010,26(4):302-305.
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[11]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1997.
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[13]单勇兵,马晓冬.基于GIS的徐州乡村聚落空间分布规律研究[J].徐州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,29(1):73-75.
[14]刘继生,陈彦光.城镇体系空间结构的分形维数及其测算方法[J].地理研究,1999,18(2):171-178.
[2]邓伟,刘颖,唐伟,等.“4·20”芦山地震灾区重建综合发展能力的构建[J].山地学报,2013,31(5):610-615.
[3]王青,石敏球,郭亚琳,等.岷江上游山区聚落生态位垂直分异研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1559-1567.
[4]刘洪鹄,刘宪春,赵晓辉.东北漫岗区村落的分布特征分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):15-19.
[5]李君,李小建.综合区域环境影响下的农村居民点空间分布变化及影响因素分析——以河南巩义市为例[J].资源科学,2009,31(7):1195-1204.
[6]刘明皓,戴志中,邱道持,等.山区农村居民点分布的影响因素分析与布局优化[J].经济地理,2011,31(3):476-482.
[7]李红波,张小林,吴江国,等.欠发达地区聚落景观空间分布特征及其影响因子分析——以安徽省宿州地区为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(6):711-716.
[8]秦喜文,张树清,李晓峰,等.基于Voronoi图的丹顶鹤巢址空间格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2118-2122.
[9]党国峰,杨玉霞,张晖.基于Voronoi图的居民点空间分布特征研究——以甘肃省为例[J].资源开发与市场,2010,26(4):302-305.
[10]林炳耀.计量地理学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986.
[11]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1997.
[12]刘湘南,许红梅.土地利用空间格局的图形信息表达初步研究[J].地理研究,2001,20(6):752-760.
[13]单勇兵,马晓冬.基于GIS的徐州乡村聚落空间分布规律研究[J].徐州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,29(1):73-75.
[14]刘继生,陈彦光.城镇体系空间结构的分形维数及其测算方法[J].地理研究,1999,18(2):171-178.
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