疏松砂岩区高精度地震采集技术及效果
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摘要
柴达木盆地三湖地区是中国陆上的大气田之一,产层位于第四系,储层疏松,气层埋藏浅。以往地震资料的信噪比和分辨率较低,难以识别地震含气异常。本文介绍一套适用于疏松砂岩区地震采集方法,包括小道距、高覆盖次数观测、精细表层调查及建模、优选岩性激发、数字检波器接收和折射静校正等技术。应用这套系列技术,采集到高信噪比、高分辨率、高保真度地震资料,较好地消除了近地表异常引起的地震异常,取得了高精度地震资料解释成果。
Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin is the fourth largest land gas field in China.Gas reservoirs are buried in shallow Quaternary strata,and are characterized by unconsolidated medium and weak diagenesis.Seismic data obtained by the traditional seismic acquisition has some disadvantages:① Low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution data cannot meet the requirements of natural gas explo-ration ;② Because of the shallow target formation,it is difficult to recognize abnormality caused by near-surface or gas-bearing layers.This paper introduces a series of high-density seismic acquisition methods,including high-density geometry design,optimized shooting,digital geophone receiving,accurate near-surface structure survey,and high-precision refraction static correction in this area.Application results show that seismic data with the characteristics of high signal-to-noise ratio,high resolution and high fidelity can be obtained using the proposed seismic acquisition technologies.As a result of decreasing the near-surface abnormality,seismic data interpretation precision is significantly improved.
Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin is the fourth largest land gas field in China.Gas reservoirs are buried in shallow Quaternary strata,and are characterized by unconsolidated medium and weak diagenesis.Seismic data obtained by the traditional seismic acquisition has some disadvantages:① Low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution data cannot meet the requirements of natural gas explo-ration ;② Because of the shallow target formation,it is difficult to recognize abnormality caused by near-surface or gas-bearing layers.This paper introduces a series of high-density seismic acquisition methods,including high-density geometry design,optimized shooting,digital geophone receiving,accurate near-surface structure survey,and high-precision refraction static correction in this area.Application results show that seismic data with the characteristics of high signal-to-noise ratio,high resolution and high fidelity can be obtained using the proposed seismic acquisition technologies.As a result of decreasing the near-surface abnormality,seismic data interpretation precision is significantly improved.
引文
[1]张林,孙平,张绍胜等.柴达木盆地第四系岩性气藏成藏条件.天然气工业,2009,29(9):32～34Zhang lin,Sun Ping,Zhang Shaosheng et al.The con-ditions of forming Quarternary lithogical gas reservoirsin Qaidam basin.Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):32～34
[2]李彦鹏,孙鹏远等.利用陆上三分量数据改善气云区构造成像.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):417～424Li Yanpeng,Sun Pengyuan et al.Using 3Cland seis-mic data to improve structural imaging in gas chimneyarea.OGP,2009,44(4):417～424
[3]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235～243Qian Rongjun.Analysis on spatial sampling densityand uniformity of seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(2):235～243
[4]蔡希玲等.地震采样波场的空间连续性分析方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):370～379Cai Xiling et al.Analytic approaches for spatial conti-nuity of seismic sampled wavefield.OGP,2007,42(4):370～379
[5]王海立等.三湖地区真假含气地震异常的识别与处理技术.天然气工业,2011,31(6):39～41Wang Haili et al.The technique of near-surface or gasabnormality recognition and processing at Sanhu area.Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):39～41
[6]王西文,徐凤银,冯云发等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):572～580Wang Xiwen,Xu Fengyin,Feng Yunfa et al.Study onstatic corrections of seismic data processing in Sanhuarea.OGP,2007,42(5):572～580
[2]李彦鹏,孙鹏远等.利用陆上三分量数据改善气云区构造成像.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):417～424Li Yanpeng,Sun Pengyuan et al.Using 3Cland seis-mic data to improve structural imaging in gas chimneyarea.OGP,2009,44(4):417～424
[3]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235～243Qian Rongjun.Analysis on spatial sampling densityand uniformity of seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(2):235～243
[4]蔡希玲等.地震采样波场的空间连续性分析方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):370～379Cai Xiling et al.Analytic approaches for spatial conti-nuity of seismic sampled wavefield.OGP,2007,42(4):370～379
[5]王海立等.三湖地区真假含气地震异常的识别与处理技术.天然气工业,2011,31(6):39～41Wang Haili et al.The technique of near-surface or gasabnormality recognition and processing at Sanhu area.Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):39～41
[6]王西文,徐凤银,冯云发等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):572～580Wang Xiwen,Xu Fengyin,Feng Yunfa et al.Study onstatic corrections of seismic data processing in Sanhuarea.OGP,2007,42(5):572～580
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