陕北浅埋煤层三维地震勘探技术及其应用
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摘要
陕西韩家湾某勘探区煤层埋藏较浅(50～200m),其三维地震勘探遇到了在陕北地区普遍存在的问题与技术难点:如煤层冲刷严重,煤层厚度变化大,小煤窑分布多而乱,表浅层地震地质条件复杂,厚薄不一的松散干沙对高频地震波的强烈吸收作用,分辨超浅层小间距煤层的能力有限等。为此在该区的野外数据采集中采用了小道距、小CDP网格、高速层激发等措施,同时应用精细静校正、振幅一致性补偿等处理技术及三维地震勘探解释与属性解释相结合的方法。解释成果与巷探、采掘资料对比表明,三维地震勘探解释冲刷薄煤带边界最大误差为15m,最小误差为7m;地面钻探工程验证了地震资料解释的采空区。
An exploration area in the Hanjiawan mine area,Shaanxi,coal seams are shallowly buried(50~200),3D seismic prospecting there has encountered problems and technical difficulties which are common in the northern Shaanxi.Such as serious scouring of coal seams,variable coal thickness,numerous and tumultuously distributed small coalmines,complex near-surface seismic-geologic conditions,strong absorption for high frequency seismic wave of uneven thickness dry sand and limited resolution in extra shallow small interval coal seams etc.Thus the field data acquisition has used measures of small group interval,small CDP grid and high velocity layer shot etc.At the same time,processing techniques of precise statics,amplitude uniformity compensation,combined 3D seismic prospecting interpretation and attribute interpretation have been used.The contrast of interpreted results and data from drift detection and mining has shown that maximum error of scoured thin coal zone boundary from 3D seismic prospecting interpretation is 15m,minimum 7m;together with surface drilling have verified gob area interpreted from seismic data.
An exploration area in the Hanjiawan mine area,Shaanxi,coal seams are shallowly buried(50~200),3D seismic prospecting there has encountered problems and technical difficulties which are common in the northern Shaanxi.Such as serious scouring of coal seams,variable coal thickness,numerous and tumultuously distributed small coalmines,complex near-surface seismic-geologic conditions,strong absorption for high frequency seismic wave of uneven thickness dry sand and limited resolution in extra shallow small interval coal seams etc.Thus the field data acquisition has used measures of small group interval,small CDP grid and high velocity layer shot etc.At the same time,processing techniques of precise statics,amplitude uniformity compensation,combined 3D seismic prospecting interpretation and attribute interpretation have been used.The contrast of interpreted results and data from drift detection and mining has shown that maximum error of scoured thin coal zone boundary from 3D seismic prospecting interpretation is 15m,minimum 7m;together with surface drilling have verified gob area interpreted from seismic data.
引文
[1]李丽萍著.应用反射波动力学特征解释煤层的研究.煤田地质与勘探.1999.增刊:48～50.
[2]孟宪民,蒋维平著.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果.中国煤炭地质.2009.21(1):52～55.
[3]熊章强,方根显.浅层地震勘探.北京,地震出版社.2002:99～103
[4]陈光明.“煤层反射波”机理及其应用.煤田地质与勘探.1988.21(4):61～63.
[5]陈光明.煤层厚度与地震波振幅关系的初步探讨.煤田地质与勘探.1981.11(4):56～58.
[6]崔若飞,李晋覃等.地震属性技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究.中国矿业大学学报.2002.31(3):267～269.
[2]孟宪民,蒋维平著.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果.中国煤炭地质.2009.21(1):52～55.
[3]熊章强,方根显.浅层地震勘探.北京,地震出版社.2002:99～103
[4]陈光明.“煤层反射波”机理及其应用.煤田地质与勘探.1988.21(4):61～63.
[5]陈光明.煤层厚度与地震波振幅关系的初步探讨.煤田地质与勘探.1981.11(4):56～58.
[6]崔若飞,李晋覃等.地震属性技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究.中国矿业大学学报.2002.31(3):267～269.
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