玉树地震前后当地的噪声变化研究
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摘要
2010年4月14日07时49分,青海省玉树县发生了MS7.3级地震.为了了解玉树地震前后玉树地震台的噪声水平有没有变化,我们对玉树地震台记录的噪声进行了两方面的研究,即分别计算噪声均方根值和噪声功率谱.研究表明,玉树台的高频噪声功率谱在2009年比2008年要高3～8dB.震前一个月左右,高频噪声开始有升高现象,震前半个月左右,高频噪声的功率谱能量显著升高,地震后,高频噪声经过继续急剧升高、开始慢慢回落、到回落到噪声模型水平三个阶段.噪声回落到2008年的噪声水平,明显低于地震前1个月的噪声水平,所以我们认为震前高频噪声升高与玉树地震有关,属于噪声异常.
A earthquake occurred on Apr.14,2010 in Yushu county,Gansu Province in North China,the magnitude is MS 7.3.We researched the noise of Yushu station around the hypocenter of Yushu earthquake to see the variations of noise before and after the Yushu earthquake.We used two methods to research the noises,one is to research the RMS of the noises in several frequency bands, the other method is to research the noise spectrum during the one month before and after the Yushu earthquake.The research results told us that the noise of Yushu station had a higher noise level in 2009 than the level in 2008 in high frequency bands.The high frequency noise spectrum has minor increase relative to the noise model one month before Yushu Earthquake,has obvious increase half month before Yushu Earthquake,and has gradual decrease after a sharp increase after the earthquake.At last,the high frequency noise decrease gradually to a 2009 and even a 2008 model level,which lower than the noise level one month before Yushu Earthquake,seem to donate the fact that the high frequency noise increase before Yushu Earthquake have relationship with Yushu Earthquake,which is called the noise anomaly.
A earthquake occurred on Apr.14,2010 in Yushu county,Gansu Province in North China,the magnitude is MS 7.3.We researched the noise of Yushu station around the hypocenter of Yushu earthquake to see the variations of noise before and after the Yushu earthquake.We used two methods to research the noises,one is to research the RMS of the noises in several frequency bands, the other method is to research the noise spectrum during the one month before and after the Yushu earthquake.The research results told us that the noise of Yushu station had a higher noise level in 2009 than the level in 2008 in high frequency bands.The high frequency noise spectrum has minor increase relative to the noise model one month before Yushu Earthquake,has obvious increase half month before Yushu Earthquake,and has gradual decrease after a sharp increase after the earthquake.At last,the high frequency noise decrease gradually to a 2009 and even a 2008 model level,which lower than the noise level one month before Yushu Earthquake,seem to donate the fact that the high frequency noise increase before Yushu Earthquake have relationship with Yushu Earthquake,which is called the noise anomaly.
引文
[1]万战生,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.岩石圈地震前兆异常机制[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):708-714.Wan Z S,Zhao G Z,Chen X B,et al.Mechanism of the lithosphere earthquake precursor anomalous phenomena[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):708-714.
[2]蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽,等.地震前兆:电离层F2层异常[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):720-728.Cai J T,Chen X B,Zhao G Z,et al.Earthquake precursor:the anomalies in the ionospheric F2region[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):720-728.
[3]陆远忠,叶金铎,蒋淳,等.中国强震前兆地震活动图像机理的三维数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):499-508.Lu Y Z,Ye J D,Jiang C,et al.3DNumerical simulation on the mechanism of precursory seismicity pattern before strong earthquake in China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):499-508.
[4]黄清华.一种评估地震前兆可信度的方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):637-642Huang Q H.A method of evaluating reliability of earthquake precursors[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):637-642.
[5]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Counterevidence for an earthquake precursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):490-495.
[6]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴,等.昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震前兆[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):340-344.Li J Z,Chen W S,Xia Y Q,et al.The precursors of M S8.1earthquake occurred in west of mountain gap of Kunlun,China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):340-344.
[7]戴志阳,陈宇卫,傅容栅,等.前兆性地震平静研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):18-24.Dai Z Y,Chen Y W,Fu R S,et al.The study of precursory seismic quiescence[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):18-24.
[8]康春丽,韩延本,刘德富,等.强震前地气系统长波辐射(OLR)异常的成因[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1703-1708.Kang C L,Han Y B,Liu D F,et al.The OLR anomaly and mechanism Before Tibet earthquake(M6.9)[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1703-1708.
[9]周挚,山秀明,张立,等.基于HHT提取昆明、下关重力固体潮的地震前兆信息[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):836-844.Zhou Z,Shan X M,Zhang L,et al.The gravity tide of Kunming&Xiaguan based on the HHT[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):836-844.
[10]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[11]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军,等.地震前兆还是其他因素?---与"汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探"作者商榷[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice or other factor?-Discuss with authors of the paper"The short-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China"[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[12]蒋长胜,吴忠良.强震前的"加速矩释放"(AMR)现象:对一个有争议的地震前兆的回溯性震例研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):691-702.Jiang C S,Wu Z L.Accelerating Moment Release(AMR)before strong earthquakes:A retrospective case study of a controversial precursor[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):691-702.
[13]许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,等.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):712-719.Xu Z Y,Wang B,Hu Y L,et al.A discussion on the influence of the difference between the rock fracture and failure to the earthquake simulation and the precursor studies[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):712-719.
[14]王亶文.昆仑山8.1级地震前地磁比值Rq的变化研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(6):25-29.Wang D W.The investigation of the R qprecursor of Kunlunshan M S8.1[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(6):25-29.
[15]石俊,王维侠,温敬霞.汶川地震前后的气象异常[J].天文研究与技术,2010,7(1):78-84.Shi J,Wang W X,Wen J X.The meteorological anomalies before and afterthe Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Astronomical Research&Technology(in Chinese),2010,7(1):78-84.
[16]陈建毅.台湾花莲地震前电磁辐射异常分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2003,24(1):46-48.Chen J Y.The analysis about the electromagnetic emission anomalies before the Hualian earthquake in Taiwan[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2003,24(1):46-48.
[17]王桂友,浦卫兵,陈洋,等.长江中下游-南黄海地震带4次中强地震前的地震活动特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(3):39-45.Wang G Y,Pu W B,Chen Y,et al.Seismic active character before the four mid-strong earthquakes in the earthquake zone of the south of Changjiang mid-dowstream reach and south Yellow Sea[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(3):39-45.
[18]刘特培,秦乃岗,郭贵安.1994年9月16日台湾海峡7.3级地震前的地震活动异常[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(4):19-23.Liu T P,Qin N G,Guo G A.Seismicity anomalies before the MS7.3Taiwan strait earthquake in Sep161994[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(4):19-23.
[19]彼得·鲍曼.新地震观测实践手册[M].中国地震局监测预报司译.北京:地震出版社,2006.Peter Bormann.New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice[M](in Chinese).Department of Monitoring and forecasting,China Earthquake Administration.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.
[20]大崎顺彦.地震动的谱分析入门[M].吕敏申,谢礼立译.北京:地震出版社,1980.Daqishunyan.The Introduction of Spectrum Analysis for Seismic Activity[M](in Chinese).LüM S,Xie L L,Trans.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980.
[21]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论,算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.HU G S.Digital Signal Process-Theory,Arithmetic and Realization[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Qinghua University Press,1997.
[22]陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.Chen G M,Zhang M Z,Qi H Y.Processing Digital Signal and Digital Picture by the Use of MATLAB[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[23]Young C J,Chael E P,Withers M W,et al.A comparison of the high-frequency(>1Hz)surface and subsurface noise environment at three sites in the United States[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1996,86(5):1516-1528.
[24]http://data.earthquake.cn/datashare/datashare_tyml_query-Result.jsp
[25]http://tianqi.xixik.com/yushu/history/
[2]蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽,等.地震前兆:电离层F2层异常[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):720-728.Cai J T,Chen X B,Zhao G Z,et al.Earthquake precursor:the anomalies in the ionospheric F2region[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):720-728.
[3]陆远忠,叶金铎,蒋淳,等.中国强震前兆地震活动图像机理的三维数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):499-508.Lu Y Z,Ye J D,Jiang C,et al.3DNumerical simulation on the mechanism of precursory seismicity pattern before strong earthquake in China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):499-508.
[4]黄清华.一种评估地震前兆可信度的方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):637-642Huang Q H.A method of evaluating reliability of earthquake precursors[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):637-642.
[5]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Counterevidence for an earthquake precursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):490-495.
[6]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴,等.昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震前兆[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):340-344.Li J Z,Chen W S,Xia Y Q,et al.The precursors of M S8.1earthquake occurred in west of mountain gap of Kunlun,China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):340-344.
[7]戴志阳,陈宇卫,傅容栅,等.前兆性地震平静研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):18-24.Dai Z Y,Chen Y W,Fu R S,et al.The study of precursory seismic quiescence[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):18-24.
[8]康春丽,韩延本,刘德富,等.强震前地气系统长波辐射(OLR)异常的成因[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1703-1708.Kang C L,Han Y B,Liu D F,et al.The OLR anomaly and mechanism Before Tibet earthquake(M6.9)[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1703-1708.
[9]周挚,山秀明,张立,等.基于HHT提取昆明、下关重力固体潮的地震前兆信息[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):836-844.Zhou Z,Shan X M,Zhang L,et al.The gravity tide of Kunming&Xiaguan based on the HHT[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):836-844.
[10]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[11]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军,等.地震前兆还是其他因素?---与"汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探"作者商榷[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice or other factor?-Discuss with authors of the paper"The short-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China"[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[12]蒋长胜,吴忠良.强震前的"加速矩释放"(AMR)现象:对一个有争议的地震前兆的回溯性震例研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):691-702.Jiang C S,Wu Z L.Accelerating Moment Release(AMR)before strong earthquakes:A retrospective case study of a controversial precursor[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):691-702.
[13]许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,等.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):712-719.Xu Z Y,Wang B,Hu Y L,et al.A discussion on the influence of the difference between the rock fracture and failure to the earthquake simulation and the precursor studies[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):712-719.
[14]王亶文.昆仑山8.1级地震前地磁比值Rq的变化研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(6):25-29.Wang D W.The investigation of the R qprecursor of Kunlunshan M S8.1[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(6):25-29.
[15]石俊,王维侠,温敬霞.汶川地震前后的气象异常[J].天文研究与技术,2010,7(1):78-84.Shi J,Wang W X,Wen J X.The meteorological anomalies before and afterthe Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Astronomical Research&Technology(in Chinese),2010,7(1):78-84.
[16]陈建毅.台湾花莲地震前电磁辐射异常分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2003,24(1):46-48.Chen J Y.The analysis about the electromagnetic emission anomalies before the Hualian earthquake in Taiwan[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2003,24(1):46-48.
[17]王桂友,浦卫兵,陈洋,等.长江中下游-南黄海地震带4次中强地震前的地震活动特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(3):39-45.Wang G Y,Pu W B,Chen Y,et al.Seismic active character before the four mid-strong earthquakes in the earthquake zone of the south of Changjiang mid-dowstream reach and south Yellow Sea[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(3):39-45.
[18]刘特培,秦乃岗,郭贵安.1994年9月16日台湾海峡7.3级地震前的地震活动异常[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(4):19-23.Liu T P,Qin N G,Guo G A.Seismicity anomalies before the MS7.3Taiwan strait earthquake in Sep161994[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(4):19-23.
[19]彼得·鲍曼.新地震观测实践手册[M].中国地震局监测预报司译.北京:地震出版社,2006.Peter Bormann.New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice[M](in Chinese).Department of Monitoring and forecasting,China Earthquake Administration.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.
[20]大崎顺彦.地震动的谱分析入门[M].吕敏申,谢礼立译.北京:地震出版社,1980.Daqishunyan.The Introduction of Spectrum Analysis for Seismic Activity[M](in Chinese).LüM S,Xie L L,Trans.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980.
[21]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论,算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.HU G S.Digital Signal Process-Theory,Arithmetic and Realization[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Qinghua University Press,1997.
[22]陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.Chen G M,Zhang M Z,Qi H Y.Processing Digital Signal and Digital Picture by the Use of MATLAB[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[23]Young C J,Chael E P,Withers M W,et al.A comparison of the high-frequency(>1Hz)surface and subsurface noise environment at three sites in the United States[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1996,86(5):1516-1528.
[24]http://data.earthquake.cn/datashare/datashare_tyml_query-Result.jsp
[25]http://tianqi.xixik.com/yushu/history/
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