南海中央次海盆OBS位置校正及三维地震探测新进展
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摘要
南海中央次海盆首次开展的三维海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer,OBS)探测试验,对于全面认识南海扩张脊处速度展布特征及海底扩张历史有着重要意义.海底地震仪的位置是研究三维地震结构的关键参数之一,高精度的三维OBS数据处理,决定着后期地震结构反演模型的分辨率与准确性.利用直达水波走时信息,综合最小二乘法反演原理,并采用蒙特卡罗法模拟OBS降落海底的过程,完成了南海中央次海盆试验区39台OBS数据格式转换与位置校正工作;同时探讨了蒙特卡罗法应用于位置校正的精度问题.处理后OBS综合记录剖面中展示了多组清晰可靠、来自珍贝-黄岩火山链下深部结构中的波震相,如、和震相,为下一步南海中央次海盆的三维层析成像奠定了坚实数据基础
A three-dimensional(3D)Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)seismic exploration is implemented for the first time in the central sub-basin of South China Sea(SCS).The velocity distribution in 3Dhigh spatial variability is significant to understand the history of expansion and evolution of SCS.However,high-precision 3Ddata processing determines the resolution and accuracy for the further seismic structure,where OBS position is one of the key parameters in seismic structural study.We use the travel time data of direct water waves to simulate the process of OBS landing on seafloor employing the least squares method and Monte Carlo method.Finally the corrections of OBS positions have been achieved for a total of 39OBSs in the central subbasin of SCS experiment.Meanwhile the accuracy of Monte Carlo method for relocation has been discussed.A few clear and reliable P-wave seismic phases,such as Pg,PmP and Pn,were discovered in the OBS seismic record sections,which come from deep crust or upper mantle beneath the Zhenbei-Huangyan volcanic chains.These abundant seismic phases provide a strong data foundation to the further modeling of 3Dtomography for the central sub-basin of SCS.
A three-dimensional(3D)Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)seismic exploration is implemented for the first time in the central sub-basin of South China Sea(SCS).The velocity distribution in 3Dhigh spatial variability is significant to understand the history of expansion and evolution of SCS.However,high-precision 3Ddata processing determines the resolution and accuracy for the further seismic structure,where OBS position is one of the key parameters in seismic structural study.We use the travel time data of direct water waves to simulate the process of OBS landing on seafloor employing the least squares method and Monte Carlo method.Finally the corrections of OBS positions have been achieved for a total of 39OBSs in the central subbasin of SCS experiment.Meanwhile the accuracy of Monte Carlo method for relocation has been discussed.A few clear and reliable P-wave seismic phases,such as Pg,PmP and Pn,were discovered in the OBS seismic record sections,which come from deep crust or upper mantle beneath the Zhenbei-Huangyan volcanic chains.These abundant seismic phases provide a strong data foundation to the further modeling of 3Dtomography for the central sub-basin of SCS.
引文
Ao,W.,Zhao,M.H.,Qiu,X.L.,et al.,2010.The Correc-tion of Shot and OBS Position in the3DSeismic Experi-ment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge.Chinese J.Geo-phys.,53(6):1072-1081(in Chinese with English ab-stract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.022
Briais,A.,Patriat,P.,Tapponnier,P.,1993.Updated Inter-pretation of Magnetic Anomalies and Seafloor SpreadingStages in the South China Sea:Implications for theTertiary Tectonics of Southeast Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,98(B4):6299-6328.
Cohen,J.K.,Stockwell,J.W.,1995.The New SU UsersManual.Colorado School of Mines,USA,1-40.
Hao,T.Y.,You,Q.Y.,2011.Progress of Homemade OBSand Its Application on Ocean Bottom Structure Survey.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3352-3361(in Chinesewith English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033
Hao,T.Y.,Xu,Y.,Sun,F.L.,et al.,2011.Integrated Geo-physical Research on the Tectonic Attribute of Conju-gate Continental Margin of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3098-3116(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.011
Li,C.F.,Wang,P.X.,Dieter,F.,et al.,2009.Opening ofthe South China Sea and Its Implications for Southeast Asian Tectonics since the Late Mesozoic.Advances inEarth Science,24(12):1339-1351.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,J.B.,Ding,W.W.,Gao,J.Y.,et al.,2011.CenozoicEvolution Model of the Seafloor Spreading in SouthChina Sea:New Constraints from High Resolution Ge-ophysical Data.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3004-3015(in Chinese with English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.003
Oshida,A.,Kubota,R.,Nishiyama,E.,et al.,2008.A NewMethod for Determining OBS Positions for CrustalStructure Studies,Using Airgun Shots and Precise Ba-thymetric Data.Exploration Geophysics,39,15-25.
Peirce,C.,Day,A.J.,2002.Ocean-Bottom Seismograph To-mographic Experiments—A Consideration of Acquisi-tion Geometries Vs.Resource.Geophys.J.Int.,151,543-565.
Qiu,X.L.,Chen Y.,Zhu,R.X.,et al.,2007.The Applica-tion of Large Volume Air Gun Sources to the Onshore-Offshore Seismic Surveys:Implication of the Experi-mental Results in Northern South China Sea.ChineseScience Bulletin,52(4):553-560.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Qiu,X.L.,Zhao,M.H.,Xu,H.L.,et al.,2012.ImportantProcesses of Deep Seismic Surveys in the South ChinaSea:Retrospection and Expectation.Journal of Tropi-cal Oceanography,31(3):1-8(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Ruan,A.G.,Li,J.B.,Chen,Y.S.,et al.,2010.The Experi-ment of Broad I-4C Type OBS in the Southwest IndiaRidge.Chinese J.Geophys.,53(4):1015-1018(inChinese with English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn,0001-5733.2010.4.026
Shiobara,H.,Nakanishi,A.,Shimamura,H.,et al.,1997.Precise Positioning of Ocean Bottom Seismometer byUsing Acoustic Transponder and CTD.Marine Geo-physical Researches,19,199-209.
Wang,P.X.,2009.Toward Scientific Breakthrough in theSouth China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,28(3):1-4.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.L.,Yan,P.,Zheng,H.B.,et al.,2007.Timing andPositioning Corrections of Ocean Bottom SeismographData.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,26(5):40-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xue,B.,Ruan,A.G.,Li,X.Y.,et al.,2008.The SeismicData Corrections of Short Period Auto-Floating OceanBottom Seismometer.Journal of Marine Sciences,26(2):98-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,B.C.,Zeng,W.J.,Hayes,D.E.,et al.,1994.The Geo-logical Memoir of South China Sea Surveyed Jointly byChina&USA.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,204(in Chinese).
Zhao,M.H.,Qiu,X.L.,Xia,S.H.,et al.,2008.Large Vol-ume Air-Gun Sources and Its Seismic Waveform Char-acters.Chinese J.Geophys.,51(2):558-565(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等,2010.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正.地球物理学报,53(12):2982-2991.
郝天珧,徐亚,孙福利,等,2011.南海共轭大陆边缘构造属性的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,54(12):3098-3116.
郝天珧,游庆瑜,2011.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用.地球物理学报,54(12):3352-3361.
李春峰,汪品先,Dieter,F.,等,2009.南海张裂过程及其对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示——IODP建议书735Full介绍.地球科学进展,24(12):1339-1351.
李家彪,丁巍伟,高金耀,等,2011.南海新生代海底扩张的构造演化模式:来自高分辨率地球物理数据的新认识.地球物理学报,54(12):3004-3015.
丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等,2007.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析.科学通报,52(4):463-469.
丘学林,赵明辉,徐辉龙,等,2012.南海地震探测重要科学进程:回顾和展望.热带海洋学报,31(3):1-8.
阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺,等,2010.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,53(4):1015-1018.
汪品先,2009.南海—我国深海研究的突破口.热带海洋学报,28(3):1-4.
王彦林,阎贫,郑红波,等,2007.OBS记录的时间和定位误差校正.热带海洋学报,26(5):40-46.
薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云,等,2008.SEDIS-IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,26(2):98-102.
姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes,D.E.,等,1994.中美合作调研南海地质专报.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,204.
赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等,2008.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,51(2):558-565.
Briais,A.,Patriat,P.,Tapponnier,P.,1993.Updated Inter-pretation of Magnetic Anomalies and Seafloor SpreadingStages in the South China Sea:Implications for theTertiary Tectonics of Southeast Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,98(B4):6299-6328.
Cohen,J.K.,Stockwell,J.W.,1995.The New SU UsersManual.Colorado School of Mines,USA,1-40.
Hao,T.Y.,You,Q.Y.,2011.Progress of Homemade OBSand Its Application on Ocean Bottom Structure Survey.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3352-3361(in Chinesewith English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033
Hao,T.Y.,Xu,Y.,Sun,F.L.,et al.,2011.Integrated Geo-physical Research on the Tectonic Attribute of Conju-gate Continental Margin of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3098-3116(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.011
Li,C.F.,Wang,P.X.,Dieter,F.,et al.,2009.Opening ofthe South China Sea and Its Implications for Southeast Asian Tectonics since the Late Mesozoic.Advances inEarth Science,24(12):1339-1351.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,J.B.,Ding,W.W.,Gao,J.Y.,et al.,2011.CenozoicEvolution Model of the Seafloor Spreading in SouthChina Sea:New Constraints from High Resolution Ge-ophysical Data.Chinese J.Geophys.,54(12):3004-3015(in Chinese with English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.003
Oshida,A.,Kubota,R.,Nishiyama,E.,et al.,2008.A NewMethod for Determining OBS Positions for CrustalStructure Studies,Using Airgun Shots and Precise Ba-thymetric Data.Exploration Geophysics,39,15-25.
Peirce,C.,Day,A.J.,2002.Ocean-Bottom Seismograph To-mographic Experiments—A Consideration of Acquisi-tion Geometries Vs.Resource.Geophys.J.Int.,151,543-565.
Qiu,X.L.,Chen Y.,Zhu,R.X.,et al.,2007.The Applica-tion of Large Volume Air Gun Sources to the Onshore-Offshore Seismic Surveys:Implication of the Experi-mental Results in Northern South China Sea.ChineseScience Bulletin,52(4):553-560.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Qiu,X.L.,Zhao,M.H.,Xu,H.L.,et al.,2012.ImportantProcesses of Deep Seismic Surveys in the South ChinaSea:Retrospection and Expectation.Journal of Tropi-cal Oceanography,31(3):1-8(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Ruan,A.G.,Li,J.B.,Chen,Y.S.,et al.,2010.The Experi-ment of Broad I-4C Type OBS in the Southwest IndiaRidge.Chinese J.Geophys.,53(4):1015-1018(inChinese with English abstract).doi:10.3969/j.issn,0001-5733.2010.4.026
Shiobara,H.,Nakanishi,A.,Shimamura,H.,et al.,1997.Precise Positioning of Ocean Bottom Seismometer byUsing Acoustic Transponder and CTD.Marine Geo-physical Researches,19,199-209.
Wang,P.X.,2009.Toward Scientific Breakthrough in theSouth China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,28(3):1-4.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.L.,Yan,P.,Zheng,H.B.,et al.,2007.Timing andPositioning Corrections of Ocean Bottom SeismographData.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,26(5):40-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xue,B.,Ruan,A.G.,Li,X.Y.,et al.,2008.The SeismicData Corrections of Short Period Auto-Floating OceanBottom Seismometer.Journal of Marine Sciences,26(2):98-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,B.C.,Zeng,W.J.,Hayes,D.E.,et al.,1994.The Geo-logical Memoir of South China Sea Surveyed Jointly byChina&USA.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,204(in Chinese).
Zhao,M.H.,Qiu,X.L.,Xia,S.H.,et al.,2008.Large Vol-ume Air-Gun Sources and Its Seismic Waveform Char-acters.Chinese J.Geophys.,51(2):558-565(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等,2010.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正.地球物理学报,53(12):2982-2991.
郝天珧,徐亚,孙福利,等,2011.南海共轭大陆边缘构造属性的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,54(12):3098-3116.
郝天珧,游庆瑜,2011.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用.地球物理学报,54(12):3352-3361.
李春峰,汪品先,Dieter,F.,等,2009.南海张裂过程及其对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示——IODP建议书735Full介绍.地球科学进展,24(12):1339-1351.
李家彪,丁巍伟,高金耀,等,2011.南海新生代海底扩张的构造演化模式:来自高分辨率地球物理数据的新认识.地球物理学报,54(12):3004-3015.
丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等,2007.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析.科学通报,52(4):463-469.
丘学林,赵明辉,徐辉龙,等,2012.南海地震探测重要科学进程:回顾和展望.热带海洋学报,31(3):1-8.
阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺,等,2010.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,53(4):1015-1018.
汪品先,2009.南海—我国深海研究的突破口.热带海洋学报,28(3):1-4.
王彦林,阎贫,郑红波,等,2007.OBS记录的时间和定位误差校正.热带海洋学报,26(5):40-46.
薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云,等,2008.SEDIS-IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,26(2):98-102.
姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes,D.E.,等,1994.中美合作调研南海地质专报.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,204.
赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等,2008.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,51(2):558-565.
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