跨孔地震CT技术在地铁工程施工溶洞探测方面的应用
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摘要
本文介绍了在南京地铁4号线某区间应用跨孔地震CT技术进行现场数据采集的方法,并运用Matlab语言编制程序,通过最小二乘法对大型线性稀疏矩阵方程进行求解,由生成的三维网格数据绘制波速等值线图,从而实现了孔间介质波速层析成像的功能。根据成像图中低速带范围及波形分析确定了溶洞位置和充填情况,经checkerboard测试,并与钻探资料和地质雷达影像对比分析,结果表明跨孔地震CT技术用于地下岩溶探测时可靠性高,能够实现对孔间岩溶发育状况的超前预报。
A survey method of the cross-hole seismic CT technology was introduced to karst exploration in a section of metro line 4,Nanjing City. A Matlab program was compiled to realize the function of velocity tomography between two boreholes through solving the least squares solution of the linear sparse matrix equation,generating 3D grid and wave velocity contour map. The position and size of karst caves along with whether or not filled were determined according to the range of low velocity zone and seismic waveform characteristics. The result of checkerboard resolution test directly shows that the major characteristics of CT image are reliable. Through interpreted results were consistent with the drilling data and ground penetrating radar( GPR) image. Thus,this geophysical method had a high reliability on detecting karst caves. And advance forecast on karst developing status could be finally achieved.
A survey method of the cross-hole seismic CT technology was introduced to karst exploration in a section of metro line 4,Nanjing City. A Matlab program was compiled to realize the function of velocity tomography between two boreholes through solving the least squares solution of the linear sparse matrix equation,generating 3D grid and wave velocity contour map. The position and size of karst caves along with whether or not filled were determined according to the range of low velocity zone and seismic waveform characteristics. The result of checkerboard resolution test directly shows that the major characteristics of CT image are reliable. Through interpreted results were consistent with the drilling data and ground penetrating radar( GPR) image. Thus,this geophysical method had a high reliability on detecting karst caves. And advance forecast on karst developing status could be finally achieved.
引文
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李世民,张晓培,牛建军,谷成.2004.地震CT技术在隧道工程中的应用.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),9:63～65.
陆基孟,钟国森,陆邦干.1991.地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,57～58.
罗炬,李志海,王海涛.2011.地震层析成像研究方法综述.内陆地震,25(4):311～320.
潘树林,高磊,周熙襄,钟本善.2006.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取.石油物探,45(3):245～249.
裴正林,余钦范,狄帮让.2002.井间地震层析成像分辨率研究.物探与化探,26(3):218～224.
杨文采,李幼铭,等.1993.应用地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1 ～230.
杨文采.1993.地震层析成像在工程勘测中的应用.物探与化探,17(3):182～192.
杨文采.1997.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,45～153.
曾玉,杨帧贤,张娜.2011.覆盖型岩溶对工程建设的影响.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),30(增刊1):697～699.
章建宏,王正军.2005.24位遥测地震勘探仪器前放增益的选择.石油仪器,19(3):83～84.
张平松,李永盛,杨华忠.2012.硬岩深孔爆破破坏范围地震波CT测试.工程勘察,5:30～33.
Fowler C M R.1990.The Solid Earth:An Introduction Global Geophysics.Cambridge[England];New York:Cambridge University Press,145～146.
Gu Hanming,Cai Chengguo,Wang Yunsheng.2006.Investigation of fractures using seismic computerized crosshole tomography.Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,11(2):143～150.
Humphreys E R,Clayton R W.1988.Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems.Journal of Geophysical Research,93:1073～1085.
Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research,97:19909～19928.
杜剑渊,杨文采.1991.跨孔地震层析成像的级联方法.地球物理学报,34(6):771～780.
李世民,张晓培,牛建军,谷成.2004.地震CT技术在隧道工程中的应用.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),9:63～65.
陆基孟,钟国森,陆邦干.1991.地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,57～58.
罗炬,李志海,王海涛.2011.地震层析成像研究方法综述.内陆地震,25(4):311～320.
潘树林,高磊,周熙襄,钟本善.2006.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取.石油物探,45(3):245～249.
裴正林,余钦范,狄帮让.2002.井间地震层析成像分辨率研究.物探与化探,26(3):218～224.
杨文采,李幼铭,等.1993.应用地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1 ～230.
杨文采.1993.地震层析成像在工程勘测中的应用.物探与化探,17(3):182～192.
杨文采.1997.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,45～153.
曾玉,杨帧贤,张娜.2011.覆盖型岩溶对工程建设的影响.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),30(增刊1):697～699.
章建宏,王正军.2005.24位遥测地震勘探仪器前放增益的选择.石油仪器,19(3):83～84.
张平松,李永盛,杨华忠.2012.硬岩深孔爆破破坏范围地震波CT测试.工程勘察,5:30～33.
Fowler C M R.1990.The Solid Earth:An Introduction Global Geophysics.Cambridge[England];New York:Cambridge University Press,145～146.
Gu Hanming,Cai Chengguo,Wang Yunsheng.2006.Investigation of fractures using seismic computerized crosshole tomography.Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,11(2):143～150.
Humphreys E R,Clayton R W.1988.Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems.Journal of Geophysical Research,93:1073～1085.
Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research,97:19909～19928.
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