2008年新疆乌恰6.8级地震序列震源特征及帕米尔东北缘应力场研究
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摘要
本文使用新疆区域数字地震台站记录的宽频带长周期数字波形资料,在时间域反演了2008年10月5日新疆乌恰6.8级地震的强余震及其周围先后发生的52次中等强度地震的矩张量解,结合Harvard大学在该区域的地震矩张量结果,研究了帕米尔东北缘的应力场分区特征.研究结果显示,位于印度板块向欧亚板块推挤的前缘及向北凸出的弧型构造的最北缘的卡兹克阿尔特弧形活动褶皱-逆断裂带,以逆冲推覆活动为主,并有部分走滑类型的地震,基本不存在正断层类型的地震;该弧型构造近东西走向的顶部(文中的西区)与其北西走向的东侧(文中的东区)的局部应力场最大主压应力方向不同,分别为NW、NNE方向,显示出在承受印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲作用的同时,东区也更多的受到了塔里木块体顺时针旋转作用的影响.位于帕米尔陆内俯冲和变形作用强烈、碰撞造成深源地震带东段的南区,地震以走滑错动为主,逆断、正断层都有,显示出相对复杂的应力状态.位于帕米尔高原内部的西区和南区的应力场最大主压应力方向一致,由北向南,由最大主压应力轴接近水平,过渡为最大主张应力轴接近水平,一定程度揭示了板块俯冲的状态.结合南区和西区的地震深度差异及机制解中断层面的倾角,推测在中帕米尔的东部,由北向南的板块俯冲至150～170km深度,俯冲角度为60°左右.
Moment tensor solutions of 52 earthquakes occurred in the 2008 MS6.8 Wuqia source region,Xinjiang,were estimated in time domain by using the long period waveforms recorded by the regional broadband stations.Then combined with the Harvard solutions,the characteristic of stress field in northeastern margin of Pamir are studied.The result reveals that overthrusting is the main pattern on the curved Kazkeaerte active reverse fault fold zone,which is located in front of the collision zone between Indian plate and Eurasian plate,as well as the northern edge of the northward bulge arc structure.And there are also a few strike-slip faults,normal fault almost does not exist.The trend of the local maximum principal stress is different on the top of the arc(the western region in the paper) and the eastern boundary(the eastern region in the paper),which is NNE and NNW respectively,suggesting the influence of clockwise rotation of Tarim block,while the whole Pamir undergoing the force of the India plate crushing to the Eurasian plate.The types of focal mechanism solutions in the southern region,which is located on the eastern section of Pamir deep seismic zone formed by intensive collision,subduction,and deformation process,are mainly strike-slip,and with some normal and reverse faults as well.The trending of the principal compressive stress in western and southern Pamir is the same,but the dip angle in western region is horizontal and the principal tensional stress in the southern region is horizontal,which may reveal that the subduction depth of the Eurasian continental lithosphere in the eastern region of central Pamir is about 150 to 170km deep and the subducting angle is about 60°.
Moment tensor solutions of 52 earthquakes occurred in the 2008 MS6.8 Wuqia source region,Xinjiang,were estimated in time domain by using the long period waveforms recorded by the regional broadband stations.Then combined with the Harvard solutions,the characteristic of stress field in northeastern margin of Pamir are studied.The result reveals that overthrusting is the main pattern on the curved Kazkeaerte active reverse fault fold zone,which is located in front of the collision zone between Indian plate and Eurasian plate,as well as the northern edge of the northward bulge arc structure.And there are also a few strike-slip faults,normal fault almost does not exist.The trend of the local maximum principal stress is different on the top of the arc(the western region in the paper) and the eastern boundary(the eastern region in the paper),which is NNE and NNW respectively,suggesting the influence of clockwise rotation of Tarim block,while the whole Pamir undergoing the force of the India plate crushing to the Eurasian plate.The types of focal mechanism solutions in the southern region,which is located on the eastern section of Pamir deep seismic zone formed by intensive collision,subduction,and deformation process,are mainly strike-slip,and with some normal and reverse faults as well.The trending of the principal compressive stress in western and southern Pamir is the same,but the dip angle in western region is horizontal and the principal tensional stress in the southern region is horizontal,which may reveal that the subduction depth of the Eurasian continental lithosphere in the eastern region of central Pamir is about 150 to 170km deep and the subducting angle is about 60°.
引文
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[2]Burtman V S,Molnar P.Geological and geophysical evidence for deep subduction of continental crust beneath the Pamir.Geol.Soc.Am.Spec.Pap.,1993,281:1-76.
[3]汪素云,时振梁,环文林.1980年2月14日新疆叶城地震—一次破坏性的中源地震.地震学报,1992,14(2):137-143.Wang S Y,Shi Z L,Huan W L.A destructive intermediate-depth earthquake of Feb141980in Yecheng of Xinjiang.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1992,14(2):137-143.
[4]楼小挺,刁桂苓,叶国扬等.帕米尔—兴都库什地区中源地震的空间分布和震源机制解特征.地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1448-1455.Lou X T,Diao G L,Ye G Y,et al.Spatial distribution of intermediate earthquakes and focal mechanism solutions in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(5):1448-1455.
[5]Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates.Nature,1996,384(6608):450-453.
[6]王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军等.用GPS研究南天山(伽师)地区现今地壳变形.地震学报,2000,22(3):263-270.Wang Q,Ding G Y,Qiao X J,et al.Research on present crustal deformation in the southern Tianshan(Jiashi),Chinaby GPS geodesy.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(3):263-270.
[7]陈杰,曲国胜,胡军等.帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动.地震地质,1997,19(4):301-312.Chen J,Qu G S,Hu J,et al.Arcuate thrust tectonics and its contemporary seismicity in the eastern section of the external zone of the Pamir.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1997,19(4):301-311.
[8]赵俊猛,刘闰栋,赵国泽等.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地壳幔过渡带及其动力学含义.中国科学,2001,31(4):272-282.Zhao J M,Liu G D,Zhao G Z,et a1.Crust-mantle transitional zone of Tianshan orogenic belt and Junggar Basin and its geodynamic implication.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2001,31(4):272-282.
[9]赵俊猛,李纯植,马宗晋.天山分段性的地球物理学分析.地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):125-131.Zhao J M,Li C Z,Ma Z J.Geophysical evidence for segmentation of the Tianshan.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(Special issue):125-131.
[10]胥颐,刘建华,刘福田等.天山—帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):469-472.Xu Y,Liu J H,Liu F T,et al.Crustal velocity structure and seismic activity in the Tianshan-Pamir conjunctive zone.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):469-472.
[11]沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌等.帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征.地震地质,2001,23(3):381-389.Shen J,Wang Y P,Zhao R B,el a1.Propagation of Cenozoic arcuate structures in northeast Pamir and northwest Tarim basin.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2001,23(3):381-389.
[12]张先康,张成科,嘉世旭等.天山地壳结构及其动力学意义.∥周光召.西部大开发科教先行与可持续发展.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2000:556.Zhang X K,Zhang C K,Jia S X,et a1.Crust structure of Tianshan Mountains and its geodynamic implication.∥Zhou G Z.On Top Priority of Science and Education in the General Development of Western China and Sustainable Development of the Project(in Chinese).Beijing:Science and Technology Press,2000:556.
[13]张先康,赵金仁,张成科等.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(5):665-671.Zhang X K,Zhao J R,Zhang C K,et al.Crust structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(5):665-671.
[14]刘志,张先康,周雪松等.帕米尔东北侧地壳物性结构及其发震环境探讨.地震学报,2003,25(3):242-249.Liu Z,Zhang X K,Zhou X S,et al.Study of crustal structure in terms of physical property and discussion on seismogenic environment in the northeastern Pamirs.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):242-249.
[15]张家声,单新建,李建华等.帕米尔地区现今大陆深俯冲:地震构造和动力学解释.岩石学报,2005,21(4):1215-1227.Zhang J S,Shan X J,Li J H.Recent deep subducting of continental crust in Pamier:An interpretation on seismotectonics and geodynamics.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2005,21(4):1215-1227.
[16]刁桂苓,王海涛,高国英等.伽师强震系列应力场的转向过程.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1062-1068.Diao G L,Wang H T,Gao G Y,et al.A deflection process for the stress field of the Jiashi strong earthquake sequence.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1062-1068.
[17]孙文斌,和跃时,常征等.帕米尔—兴都库什地区板块俯冲及其应力状态.地震地质,2009,31(2):207-217.Sun W B,He Y S,Chang Z,et al.The plate subduction and stress state in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2009,31(2):207-217.
[18]高国英,温和平,聂晓红.1991—2002年新疆中强震震源机制解分析.地震,2005,25(1):81-87.Gao G Y,Wen H P,Nie X H.Analysis of focal-mechanism solution of moderately strong earthquakes in Xinjiang from 1991to2002.Earthquake(in Chinese),2005,25(1):81-87.
[19]周荣茂,陈运泰,吴忠良.由矩张量反演得到的北部湾地震的震源机制.地震学报,1999,21(6):561-569.Zhou R M,Chen Y T,Wu Z L.Moment tensor inversion for focal mechanism of the Beibuwan earthquakes.ActaS eismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1999,21(6):561-569.
[20]倪江川,陈运泰,王鸣等.云南禄劝地震部分余震的矩张量反演.地震学报,1991,13(4):4l2-4l9.Ni J C,Chen Y T,Wang M,et al.Moment tensor inversion of some aftershocks of the April18,1985,Luquan,Yunnan,China,Earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1991,13(4):412-419.
[21]吴忠良,牟其铎.关于中国数字地震学发展战略的讨论.国际地震动态,1994,181(1):5-8.Wu Z L,Mou Q D.Discussion on the strategy of developments of digital seismology in china.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),1994,181(1):5-8.
[22]Dreger D S,Helmberger D V.Determination of source parameters at regional distances with three-components sparse network data.J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98(B5):8107-8125.
[23]Romanowicz B,Dreger D,Pasyanos M,et al.Monitoring of strain release in central and northern California using broadband data.Geophys.Res.Let.,1993,20(15):1643-1646.
[24]Randall G E,Ammom C J,Owens T J.Moment tensor estimation using regional seismograms from a Tibetan Plateau protable network deployment.J.Geophys.Res.,1995,22(13):1665-1668.
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