山西断陷带历史强震及全新世古地震地表破裂特征
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摘要
<正> 强震的孕育和发生,与区域构造活动的强度和方式密切相关,不同地区各自特点不同。本文综合近年活断层填图等方面研究成果,对山西断陷带7级以上历史强震的地表破裂带及全新世古地震进行分析对比,讨论该区7级以上强震地表破裂特征。强震发生时,依据当地的地形地物条件,破坏区的地表出现多样地面破坏现象,例如山崩、滑坡、地裂缝、地表陡坎、喷砂冒水等。在松散沉积物地区,许多地表破坏现象常反映震时的应力场特征。本文着重讨论的是震时出现的反映震源发震构造特征的地表破坏现象——地表破裂带、地表地震断层或地震形变带。
The Shanxi Fault-Depression Zone is one of the major seismical active zones in China.According to historical records,there have been six large events occurred in the zone with magnitude greater than 7,and one of which reached 8.Recently,some new discoveries on the Holocene paleo-earthquakes have been reported.The authors tend to review these new achievements and discuss the characteristics of surface ruptures and their correlation with the magnitude of earthquake that formed such surface rupture. The conclusions are as fellows: 1. Paleo-seismological studies proved that in the passed several thousand years, strong earthquakes had occurred in all the major basins in the fault-depression zone from north to south; and that these basins have close relation with strong earthquakes, as they act as an integrated tectonic system. 2. The Holocene paleo-earthquakes were featured as characteristic earthquakes. 3. Co-seismic surface rupture belts of some historical and paleo-earthquakes can be discontiguous and the discontinuance may reach 15～25 km, 20%～30% of the total length of the surface rupture belt. 4. The recurrence interval of 3 historical events with M7 in the Xinding basin was 500～650 a. That of another two events occurred in the Linfen basin was less than 400a. Each of the two basins has 2-3 active faults. The point is that the above-mentioned recurrence interval of each basin is much shorter than the recurrence interval of strong earthquakes on each active fault in the basin. This may imply that the interaction of the active faults in the whole interacted tectonic unit.
The Shanxi Fault-Depression Zone is one of the major seismical active zones in China.According to historical records,there have been six large events occurred in the zone with magnitude greater than 7,and one of which reached 8.Recently,some new discoveries on the Holocene paleo-earthquakes have been reported.The authors tend to review these new achievements and discuss the characteristics of surface ruptures and their correlation with the magnitude of earthquake that formed such surface rupture. The conclusions are as fellows: 1. Paleo-seismological studies proved that in the passed several thousand years, strong earthquakes had occurred in all the major basins in the fault-depression zone from north to south; and that these basins have close relation with strong earthquakes, as they act as an integrated tectonic system. 2. The Holocene paleo-earthquakes were featured as characteristic earthquakes. 3. Co-seismic surface rupture belts of some historical and paleo-earthquakes can be discontiguous and the discontinuance may reach 15～25 km, 20%～30% of the total length of the surface rupture belt. 4. The recurrence interval of 3 historical events with M7 in the Xinding basin was 500～650 a. That of another two events occurred in the Linfen basin was less than 400a. Each of the two basins has 2-3 active faults. The point is that the above-mentioned recurrence interval of each basin is much shorter than the recurrence interval of strong earthquakes on each active fault in the basin. This may imply that the interaction of the active faults in the whole interacted tectonic unit.
引文
① 中国地震局地壳应力研究所忻定课题组,1995,忻定盆地活动断裂与强震危险性。
① 阎凤忠等,口泉断裂古地震研究,1994．
② 中国地震局地壳应力研究所,山西搭山煤矿口泉断裂活动习性研究报告,1994．
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[2] 邓起东等,山西隆起区断陷地震带地表地质条件及地震发展趋势概述,地质科学,No.1,1973．
[3] 刘光勋等,山西洪洞郇堡村古地震遗迹及有关问题的讨论,中国活动断裂,北京:地震出版社,1982．
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[5] 齐书勤,试论1303年山西8级地震的几个问题,华北地震科学,Vol.1,No.1,1983．
[6] 孟宪梁等,山西洪洞8级地震形变遗迹研究,地震地质,Vol.7,No.4,1985．
[7] 武烈等,山西境内七次强震及有关几个问题的讨论,华北地震科学,Vol.4,No.2,1986．
[8] 徐锡伟等,山西霍山前断裂晚第四纪活动特征和1303年洪洞8级地震,地震地质,Vol.12,No.1,1990．
[9] 徐锡伟等,霍山山前断裂晚第四纪活动和古地震研究,山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾,北京:地震出版社,1993．
[10] 王挺梅等,1695年临汾7(1/2) 级地震的地震构造研究,山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾,北京:地震出版 社,1993．
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[12] 阎凤忠等.1695年临汾大地震,鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系,北京:地震出版社,1988．
[13] 窦素芹等,系舟山山前活动断裂带的几何结构及其活动性,活动断裂研究(4) ,北京:地震出版社,1995．
[14] 刘光勋等,山西五台山北麓活动断裂带,活动断裂研究(1) ,北京:地震出版社,1991．
[15] 申旭辉等,1626年灵丘地震烈度分布特征与阻震构造初步讨论,华北地震科学,Vol.13,No.1,1995．
[16] 江娃利等,山西交城断裂全新世活动证据及第四纪活动历史,地壳构造与地壳应力(6) ,北京:地震出版社,1994．
[17] 许桂林等,山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征,地壳构造与地壳应力(11) ,北京:地震出版社,1998．
[18] 邓起东等,山西高原六棱山北麓断裂晚第四纪运动学特征初步研究,地震地质,Vol.16,No.4,1994．
[19] 段瑞涛等,六棱山北麓断裂新活动特征,地震地质,Vol.17,No.3,1995．
[20] 徐锡伟等,山西六棱山北麓晚第四纪不规则断裂作用的地貌学研究,地震地质,Vol.18,No.2,1996．
[21] 程绍平等,大同阳原盆地南缘断裂带的晚第四纪分段和构造地貌变异,地震地质,Vol.18,No.4,1996．
[22] 刘静等,震级与地震破裂参数统计关系式系数的讨论,地震地质,Vol.18,No.3,1996．
[23] 邓起东等,地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究,活动断裂研究(2) ,北京:地震出版社,1993．
[24] 丁国瑜等,活断层分段了--原则、方法及应用,北京:地震出版社,1993．
① 阎凤忠等,口泉断裂古地震研究,1994．
② 中国地震局地壳应力研究所,山西搭山煤矿口泉断裂活动习性研究报告,1994．
[1] 《中国地震简目》汇编组,中国地震简目,北京:地震出版社,1988．
[2] 邓起东等,山西隆起区断陷地震带地表地质条件及地震发展趋势概述,地质科学,No.1,1973．
[3] 刘光勋等,山西洪洞郇堡村古地震遗迹及有关问题的讨论,中国活动断裂,北京:地震出版社,1982．
[4] 刘光勋等,山西地堑系及其地震构造特征,全国第二届构造地质学术会议文集,Vol.3,北京:科学出版社,1982年.
[5] 齐书勤,试论1303年山西8级地震的几个问题,华北地震科学,Vol.1,No.1,1983．
[6] 孟宪梁等,山西洪洞8级地震形变遗迹研究,地震地质,Vol.7,No.4,1985．
[7] 武烈等,山西境内七次强震及有关几个问题的讨论,华北地震科学,Vol.4,No.2,1986．
[8] 徐锡伟等,山西霍山前断裂晚第四纪活动特征和1303年洪洞8级地震,地震地质,Vol.12,No.1,1990．
[9] 徐锡伟等,霍山山前断裂晚第四纪活动和古地震研究,山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾,北京:地震出版社,1993．
[10] 王挺梅等,1695年临汾7(1/2) 级地震的地震构造研究,山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾,北京:地震出版 社,1993．
[11] 孟宪粱等,临汾盆地第四纪构造与断裂活动,鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系,北京:地震出版社,1988．
[12] 阎凤忠等.1695年临汾大地震,鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系,北京:地震出版社,1988．
[13] 窦素芹等,系舟山山前活动断裂带的几何结构及其活动性,活动断裂研究(4) ,北京:地震出版社,1995．
[14] 刘光勋等,山西五台山北麓活动断裂带,活动断裂研究(1) ,北京:地震出版社,1991．
[15] 申旭辉等,1626年灵丘地震烈度分布特征与阻震构造初步讨论,华北地震科学,Vol.13,No.1,1995．
[16] 江娃利等,山西交城断裂全新世活动证据及第四纪活动历史,地壳构造与地壳应力(6) ,北京:地震出版社,1994．
[17] 许桂林等,山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征,地壳构造与地壳应力(11) ,北京:地震出版社,1998．
[18] 邓起东等,山西高原六棱山北麓断裂晚第四纪运动学特征初步研究,地震地质,Vol.16,No.4,1994．
[19] 段瑞涛等,六棱山北麓断裂新活动特征,地震地质,Vol.17,No.3,1995．
[20] 徐锡伟等,山西六棱山北麓晚第四纪不规则断裂作用的地貌学研究,地震地质,Vol.18,No.2,1996．
[21] 程绍平等,大同阳原盆地南缘断裂带的晚第四纪分段和构造地貌变异,地震地质,Vol.18,No.4,1996．
[22] 刘静等,震级与地震破裂参数统计关系式系数的讨论,地震地质,Vol.18,No.3,1996．
[23] 邓起东等,地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究,活动断裂研究(2) ,北京:地震出版社,1993．
[24] 丁国瑜等,活断层分段了--原则、方法及应用,北京:地震出版社,1993．
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