利用PALSAR数据反演2010年玉树地震断层的同震滑动分布
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摘要
为深入了解2010年玉树地震引起的地表位移及发震断层的细节情况,对玉树地震震前、震后的PALSAR数据进行干涉处理,并针对轨道不精确引起的相位残差问题,采用最小二乘多项式模型拟合的方法对其进行去除,得到玉树地震地表的同震形变场。结果显示,形变最大地区发生在33.06°N、96.83°E附近,雷达视线方向形变最大值为-0.442 m。通过地质调查结果及合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)形变场的分析,对断层进行分段,基于弹性半空间位错模型对分段后的断层进行了同震滑动分布反演,并对反演结果的可靠性进行分析。结果表明,断层的最大位移为2.084 m,位于隆宝滩地表以下14 km处,反演结果对应的矩震级为MW7.0,与地震学和地质调查的情况较吻合,且反演的结果较可靠。
To understand the surface deformation caused by 2010 Yushu earthquake and the situation of the causative fault,pre-and post-seismic PALSAR data were processed by the synthetic aperture radar interferometry(InSAR) method.The least squares fitting method was introduced in eliminating the phase caused by inaccurate orbital information.The coseismic deformation shows that the main deformation area is located in the N33.06°,E96.83°,and the maximal deformation in radar line-of-sight(LOS) is about-0.442 m.With the analysis of geological survey and InSAR deformation field,the fault was divided into five small segments.After determining the geometric parameters of the segmented faults,the inversion of the slip distribution becomes a linear problem under the elastic half-space dislocation model.Then it was carried out using least squares method.The fault slip distribution result shows that there exist two slip peak zones,and the two segmented faults located in Longbaotan and Yushu are outcropping.The maximal slip on the fault is 2.084 m,located in the depth of 14 km of Longbaotan area,but the biggest outcropped slip is located in the Yushu area.This is the main reason that the earthquake caused severe damage in Yushu county.The calculated moment magnitude is MW7.0,which is well consistent with the seismological solution and geological survey.
To understand the surface deformation caused by 2010 Yushu earthquake and the situation of the causative fault,pre-and post-seismic PALSAR data were processed by the synthetic aperture radar interferometry(InSAR) method.The least squares fitting method was introduced in eliminating the phase caused by inaccurate orbital information.The coseismic deformation shows that the main deformation area is located in the N33.06°,E96.83°,and the maximal deformation in radar line-of-sight(LOS) is about-0.442 m.With the analysis of geological survey and InSAR deformation field,the fault was divided into five small segments.After determining the geometric parameters of the segmented faults,the inversion of the slip distribution becomes a linear problem under the elastic half-space dislocation model.Then it was carried out using least squares method.The fault slip distribution result shows that there exist two slip peak zones,and the two segmented faults located in Longbaotan and Yushu are outcropping.The maximal slip on the fault is 2.084 m,located in the depth of 14 km of Longbaotan area,but the biggest outcropped slip is located in the Yushu area.This is the main reason that the earthquake caused severe damage in Yushu county.The calculated moment magnitude is MW7.0,which is well consistent with the seismological solution and geological survey.
引文
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[12]LIU G X,DING X L,LI Z L,et al.Pre-and Co-seismic Ground Deformations of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earth-quake,Measured with SAR Interferometry[J].Computers and Geosciences,2004,30(4):333-343.
[13]YAO Xin,ZHANG Yongshuang,YANG Nong,et al.D-InSAR Observation of Earth Surface Deformation in the MS7.1Yushu Earthquake[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2010,16(2):129-136.(姚鑫,张永双,杨农,等.玉树地震地表变形InSAR观测及初步分析[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(2):129-136.)
[14]ZHA Xianjie,DAI Zhiyang,GE Linlin,et al.Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the2010Yushu Earthquakes Inferred from InSAR Measurement[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1951-1958.
[15]LI Z H,ELLIOTT J,FENG W P,et al.The2010MW6.8Yushu(Qinghai,China)Earthquake:Constraints Provided by InSAR and Body Wave Seismology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(B10):302-316.
[16]TOBITA M,NISHIMURA T,KOBAYASHI T,et al.Estimation of Coseismic Deformation and a Fault Model of the2010Yushu Earthquake Using PALSAR Interferometry Data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,307(3-4):430-438.
[17]LI Zhiwei,DING Xiaoli,HUANG C,et al.Improved Filtering Parameter Determination for the Goldstein Radar Interferogram Filter[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2008,63(6):621-634.
[18]LIU Chao,XU Lisheng,CHEN Yuntai.Quick Moment Tensor Solution for14April2010Yushu,Qinghai,Earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(3):366-368.(刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,2010(3):366-368.)
[19]JONSSON S,ZEBKER H,SEGALL P,et al.Fault Slip Distribution of the1999MW7.1Hector Mine,California,Earthquake,Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(4):1377-1389.
[20]OKADA Y.Internal Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Half-space[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1992,82(2):1018-1040.
[21]WANG Hui,LIU Jie,SHI Yaolin,et al.Dynamic Simu-lation of Interactions between Major Earthquakes on the Xianshuihe Fault Zone[J].Science in China:Series D,2008,38(7):808-818.(王辉,刘杰,石耀霖,等.鲜水河断裂带强震相互作用的动力学模拟研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(7):808-818.)
[22]HANSSEN R F.Radar Interferometry:Data Interpretation and Error Analysis[M].New York:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[23]BIGGS J,WRIGHT T,LU Z,et al.Multi-interferogram Method for Measuring Interseismic Deformation:Denali Fault,Alaska[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1165-1179.
[24]PARSONS B,WRIGHT T,ROWE P,et al.The1994Sefidabeh(Eastern Iran)Earthquakes Revisited:New Evidence from Satellite Radar Interferometry and Carbonate Dating about the Growth of an Active Fold above a Blind Thrust Fault[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,164(1):202-217.
[25]SUDHAUS H,JONSSON S.Source Model for the1997Zirkuh Earthquake(MW=7.2)in Iran Derived from JERS and ERS InSAR Observations[J].Geophysical Journal International,2011,185(2):676-692.
[26]FUNNING G.Source Parameters of Large Shallow Earth-quake in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt from InSAR and Waveform Modelling[D].Oxford:University of Oxford,2005.
[27]WESSEL P,SMITH W.New,Improved Version of Generic Mapping Tools Released[J].Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,1998,79(47):579-579.
[2]ZHANG Peizhen,DENG Qidong,ZHANG Guomin,et al.Active Tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquake in the Continent of China[J].Science in China:D,2003,33(sup):12-20.(张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:D,2003,33(sup):12-20.)
[3]MA Yinsheng,ZHANG Yongshuang,HU Daogong,et al.The Surface Ruptures and the Macroscopical Epicenter of Yushu MS7.1Earthquake[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2010,16(2):115-128.(马寅生,张永双,胡道功,等.玉树地震地表破裂与宏观震中[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(2):115-128.)
[4]CHEN Lichun,WANG Hu,RAN Yongkang,et al.The MS7.1Yushu Earthquake Surface Rupturesand Historical Earthquakes[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,50(13):1200-1205.(陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010(13):1200-1205.)
[5]XU Caijun,LIU Yang,WEN Yangmao.MW7.9Wenchuan Earthquake Slip Distribution Inversion from GPS Measure-ments[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(3):195-201.(许才军,刘洋,温扬茂.利用GPS资料反演汶川MW7.9级地震滑动分布[J].测绘学报,2009,38(3):195-201.)
[6]LI Zhicai,ZHANG Peng,JIN Shuanggen,et al.Wenchuan Earthquake Deformation Fault Inversion and Analysis Based on GPS Observations[J].Acta Geodaetica et Carto-graphica Sinica,2009,38(2):108-113.(李志才,张鹏,金双根,等.基于GPS观测数据的汶川地震断层形变反演分析[J].测绘学报,2009,38(2):108-113.)
[7]LIAO Mingsheng,LIN Hui.Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry-principle and Signal Processing[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2003.(廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量:原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003.)
[8]MASSONNET D,ROSSI M,CARMONA C,et al.The Displacement Field of the Landers Earthquake Mapped by Radar Interferometry[J].Nature,1993,364(6433):138-142.
[9]XU Caijun,LIU Yang,WEN Yangmao,et al.Coseismic Slip Distribution of the2008MW7.9Wenchuan Earthquake from Joint Inversion of GPS and Insar Data[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2736-2749.
[10]SUN Jianbao,XU Xiwei,SHEN Zhengkang,et al.Parameter Inversion of the1997Mani Earthquake InSAR Coseismic Deformation Field Based on Linear Elastic Dislocation Model-I:Uniform Slip Inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1097-1110.(孙建宝,徐锡伟,沈正康,等.基于线弹性位错模型及干涉雷达同震形变场反演1997年玛尼MW7.5级地震参数-I:均匀滑动反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1097-1110.)
[11]FUNNING G J,PARSONS B,WRIGHT T J,et al.Surface Displacements and Source Parameters of the2003BAM(Iran)Earthquake from Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2005,110(B9):39-49.
[12]LIU G X,DING X L,LI Z L,et al.Pre-and Co-seismic Ground Deformations of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earth-quake,Measured with SAR Interferometry[J].Computers and Geosciences,2004,30(4):333-343.
[13]YAO Xin,ZHANG Yongshuang,YANG Nong,et al.D-InSAR Observation of Earth Surface Deformation in the MS7.1Yushu Earthquake[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2010,16(2):129-136.(姚鑫,张永双,杨农,等.玉树地震地表变形InSAR观测及初步分析[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(2):129-136.)
[14]ZHA Xianjie,DAI Zhiyang,GE Linlin,et al.Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the2010Yushu Earthquakes Inferred from InSAR Measurement[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1951-1958.
[15]LI Z H,ELLIOTT J,FENG W P,et al.The2010MW6.8Yushu(Qinghai,China)Earthquake:Constraints Provided by InSAR and Body Wave Seismology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(B10):302-316.
[16]TOBITA M,NISHIMURA T,KOBAYASHI T,et al.Estimation of Coseismic Deformation and a Fault Model of the2010Yushu Earthquake Using PALSAR Interferometry Data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,307(3-4):430-438.
[17]LI Zhiwei,DING Xiaoli,HUANG C,et al.Improved Filtering Parameter Determination for the Goldstein Radar Interferogram Filter[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2008,63(6):621-634.
[18]LIU Chao,XU Lisheng,CHEN Yuntai.Quick Moment Tensor Solution for14April2010Yushu,Qinghai,Earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(3):366-368.(刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,2010(3):366-368.)
[19]JONSSON S,ZEBKER H,SEGALL P,et al.Fault Slip Distribution of the1999MW7.1Hector Mine,California,Earthquake,Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(4):1377-1389.
[20]OKADA Y.Internal Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Half-space[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1992,82(2):1018-1040.
[21]WANG Hui,LIU Jie,SHI Yaolin,et al.Dynamic Simu-lation of Interactions between Major Earthquakes on the Xianshuihe Fault Zone[J].Science in China:Series D,2008,38(7):808-818.(王辉,刘杰,石耀霖,等.鲜水河断裂带强震相互作用的动力学模拟研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(7):808-818.)
[22]HANSSEN R F.Radar Interferometry:Data Interpretation and Error Analysis[M].New York:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[23]BIGGS J,WRIGHT T,LU Z,et al.Multi-interferogram Method for Measuring Interseismic Deformation:Denali Fault,Alaska[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1165-1179.
[24]PARSONS B,WRIGHT T,ROWE P,et al.The1994Sefidabeh(Eastern Iran)Earthquakes Revisited:New Evidence from Satellite Radar Interferometry and Carbonate Dating about the Growth of an Active Fold above a Blind Thrust Fault[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,164(1):202-217.
[25]SUDHAUS H,JONSSON S.Source Model for the1997Zirkuh Earthquake(MW=7.2)in Iran Derived from JERS and ERS InSAR Observations[J].Geophysical Journal International,2011,185(2):676-692.
[26]FUNNING G.Source Parameters of Large Shallow Earth-quake in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt from InSAR and Waveform Modelling[D].Oxford:University of Oxford,2005.
[27]WESSEL P,SMITH W.New,Improved Version of Generic Mapping Tools Released[J].Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,1998,79(47):579-579.
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