河道砂体地震响应特征及影响因素分析——以垦东1地区馆陶组上段河道砂为例
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摘要
垦东1地区新近系馆陶组沉积时期为辫状河—曲流河的过渡时期,河道砂体形成的地震反射类型多样,以往井位部署时单纯追踪强同相轴的方法仍然会有部分砂体漏失。因此,在利用常规地震资料描述砂体之前,有必要明确河道砂体能够形成的地震反射类型。从研究区主力砂层组实际井储层与围岩的岩性组合、速度差异、厚度分布特征入手,建立正演模型,得出不同岩性、厚度、速度组合条件下河道砂体能够形成的地震反射类型,分析了引起反射振幅强弱的影响因素。正演模拟研究和实际资料的统计分析表明,研究区目的层段内大部分河道砂体均形成叠合砂包反射,大约有68%的砂体在地震剖面上呈强振幅反射特征。在相同的沉积背景下,泥岩隔层厚度、砂泥岩间速度差异对砂体地震响应特征变化起主导作用。针对研究区河道砂体进行井位部署时,不能只瞄准反射振幅"亮点",而依靠地质分析,选择有利沉积相带和油气运移指向区尤为重要。即使是弱反射砂体,同样可能成藏。勘探实践表明,该分析方法对砂体追踪解释和井位目标优选具有一定的指导意义。
There are various seismic reflection types formed by channel sands in Guantao formation of Neogene in KD1 area due to a transitional sedimentary period from braided stream to meandering river.It is usually inapplicable when tracking strong seismic events to predict channel sand.So it is necessary to know the reflection features before we track sands using seismic data.Firstly,we analyze the lithology combination,velocity difference and thickness distribution according to the compare between reservoir and surrounding rock via all practical wells in primary sand groups.Then we build forward models to get the various seismic reflection types in condition of different lithology combination and thickness assemblage.At the same time,we analyze the influencing factors resulting in the variety of amplitude.It is pointed out that most channel sands could form laminated sand-pack reflection and the probability of sand corresponding to strong amplitude is approximately 68%.With the same sedimentary background,the thickness of mud interlayer and velocity difference between sand and mud are the main influencing factors.So we should not aim only at those "light-spot" while deploying wells.It is important to choose favorable sedimentary facies and hydrocarbon accumulating area by geological analysis.The sands which formed weak seismic reflection might still contain oil or gas.The exploration practice shows the analysis method has a certain guiding significance for tracking sand and selecting drilling-well target.
There are various seismic reflection types formed by channel sands in Guantao formation of Neogene in KD1 area due to a transitional sedimentary period from braided stream to meandering river.It is usually inapplicable when tracking strong seismic events to predict channel sand.So it is necessary to know the reflection features before we track sands using seismic data.Firstly,we analyze the lithology combination,velocity difference and thickness distribution according to the compare between reservoir and surrounding rock via all practical wells in primary sand groups.Then we build forward models to get the various seismic reflection types in condition of different lithology combination and thickness assemblage.At the same time,we analyze the influencing factors resulting in the variety of amplitude.It is pointed out that most channel sands could form laminated sand-pack reflection and the probability of sand corresponding to strong amplitude is approximately 68%.With the same sedimentary background,the thickness of mud interlayer and velocity difference between sand and mud are the main influencing factors.So we should not aim only at those "light-spot" while deploying wells.It is important to choose favorable sedimentary facies and hydrocarbon accumulating area by geological analysis.The sands which formed weak seismic reflection might still contain oil or gas.The exploration practice shows the analysis method has a certain guiding significance for tracking sand and selecting drilling-well target.
引文
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[10]李国发,岳英,国春香,等.基于模型的薄互层地震属性分析及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):144-149Li G F,Yue Y,Guo C X,et al.Seismic attributes a-nalysis based on model in thin interbeded layers andits application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2011,50(2):144-149
[11]孙成禹,尚新民,石翠翠,等.影响地震数据相位特征的因素分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):444-453Sun C Y,Shang X M,Shi C C,et al.Analysis of in-fluence factors on phase characteristics of seismicdata[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):444-453
[12]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-418Zeng H L.Seismic sedimentology in China:a review[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):417-418
[13]魏艳,尹成,丁峰,等.地震多属性综合分析的应用研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):42-47Wei Y,Yin C,Ding F,et al.Synthetic analysis multi-attribute and its application[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):42-47
[14]毕俊凤.地震多属性加权融合显示技术在宣汉-达县地区的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(2):75-77Bi J F.Application of multi-seismic attribute syncre-tized technique with weigrted algorithm in Xuanhan-Daxian area[J].Petroleum Geology and RecoveryEfficiency,2008,15(2):75-77
[2]岳周会.孤东地区馆陶组河道砂体油藏勘探技术研究[J].中国矿业,2010,19(2):118-120Yue Z H.The technology research on riveralsandsreservoir exploration of Guantao formation in Gud-ong area[J].China Mining Magazine,2010,19(2):118-120
[3]吴朝容,段文,蒋晓红.河道砂体识别技术[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):205-206Wu C R,Duan W,Jiang X H.Identification of chan-nel sand[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(2):205-206
[4]逄丽民,张学芳,宋艳芳.馆陶组岩性油藏描述方法研究——以胜利探区老河口油田为例[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(增刊):11-12Pang L M,Zhang X F,Song Y F.Study on lithologicreservoir description method of Gutao formation:acase study from Laohekou Oilfield[J].LithologicReservoirs,2010,22(S1):11-12
[5]胡兴中.济阳坳陷埕东北坡上第三系河道砂体地震描述及含油性预测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):580-583Hu X Z.Seismic description and oil-bearing predic-tion of Neogene channel sand body in northern slopeof Chengdong arch,Jiyang depression[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2006,41(5):580-583
[6]关达,张秀容.利用地震属性预测河道砂体[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):56-57Guan D,Zhang X R.Predicting channel sand usingseismic attributes[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2004,43(S1):56-57
[7]刘洪文.含油气地层地震响应特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):580-582Liu H W.Analysis of seismic response characteris-tics in hydrocarbon formation[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):580-582
[8]钟全玉,袁静.垦东北坡新近系隐蔽油气藏成藏特征研究[J].复杂油气藏,2009,2(2):14-15Zhong Q Y,Yuan J.The Neogene subtle hydrocar-bon reservoir formation characteristics of Kendongnorth slope[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2009,2(2):14-15
[9]朱家俊,张善文,王永诗,等.水基钻井液浸泡对浅层声波测井的影响及校正方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):91-92Zhu J J,Zhang S W,Wang Y S,et al.Influence andcorrection of water-base mud drilling on acousticlogging of shallow formation[J].Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,2004,31(2):91-92
[10]李国发,岳英,国春香,等.基于模型的薄互层地震属性分析及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):144-149Li G F,Yue Y,Guo C X,et al.Seismic attributes a-nalysis based on model in thin interbeded layers andits application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2011,50(2):144-149
[11]孙成禹,尚新民,石翠翠,等.影响地震数据相位特征的因素分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):444-453Sun C Y,Shang X M,Shi C C,et al.Analysis of in-fluence factors on phase characteristics of seismicdata[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):444-453
[12]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-418Zeng H L.Seismic sedimentology in China:a review[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):417-418
[13]魏艳,尹成,丁峰,等.地震多属性综合分析的应用研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):42-47Wei Y,Yin C,Ding F,et al.Synthetic analysis multi-attribute and its application[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):42-47
[14]毕俊凤.地震多属性加权融合显示技术在宣汉-达县地区的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(2):75-77Bi J F.Application of multi-seismic attribute syncre-tized technique with weigrted algorithm in Xuanhan-Daxian area[J].Petroleum Geology and RecoveryEfficiency,2008,15(2):75-77
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