地震资料高分辨率处理识别生物礁储集层方法
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摘要
生物礁属于一类特殊的碳酸盐岩储集体,内部结构复杂,礁盖、礁核、礁基等礁体微相易发育形成薄互层地质架构,地震反射受主频低、频带窄等不利因素约束,难以实现高精度识别。基于地震反射的频率、相位、能量等动力学特征,优选出能量补偿、频带拓展、子波分解与重构等特殊处理方法,并将其组合应用,可以获得不同频段的重构地震数据和高分辨率地震数据体,从而突出生物礁的边缘轮廓和礁体外形丘状反射、顶部强反射、底部下凹反射、翼部上超反射等特殊的地震响应特征。结合测井、地质、高分辨率地震勘探等综合资料,通过反演获得的纵波阻抗显示,优质储集层(礁盖)的阻抗较低、礁核和生屑滩的阻抗相对较高、礁滩复合体阻抗高低频繁跳跃等响应规律。该方法在元坝气田长兴组生物礁储集层的高分辨率储集层预测中,取得了较高的井震吻合率和良好的预测结果。
Organic reef belongs to a type of special carbonate reservoir body,which plays a key role in the oil and gas storage,migration and accumulation phases and is an important geological target of petroleum exploration and development.However,it is difficult to identify it by high resolution or by single and conventional approaches,due to some unfavorable factors,including complicated inner structures,reef microfacies such as reef cap,reef core and reef basement,by which thin interbed geological framework can be easily developed and formed,and seismic signals restricted by low frequency and narrow frequency bandwidth.In terms of the frequency,phase,energy,waveform and other dynamic and geometric properties,this paper presents some special processing methods for energy compensation,frequent bandwidth expansion,wavelet decomposition and reconstruction,etc.The combined application of them can obtain the different range and high resolution seismic data which are able to highlight the seismic responses of the organic reefs,such as the boundary reflection of reef,the domeshaped reflection from reef outline,strong reflection from reef cap,low elevation reflection from reef bottom and overlap reflection from reef flanks,etc.These data from log,geological and high-resolution seismic prospecting as well as inversed P-wave impedance indicate that high-quality reservoir(reef cap) is low in wave impedance,the reef core and and biodetritus beach are relatively high in wave impedance,and the reef complex is of high-low constantly jumping impedances.The case study applied to Changxing reefs in Yuanba gas field shows good prediction results and high consistent rate between well logs and high resolution seismic data by comparison of the original seismic data with the real drilling results.
Organic reef belongs to a type of special carbonate reservoir body,which plays a key role in the oil and gas storage,migration and accumulation phases and is an important geological target of petroleum exploration and development.However,it is difficult to identify it by high resolution or by single and conventional approaches,due to some unfavorable factors,including complicated inner structures,reef microfacies such as reef cap,reef core and reef basement,by which thin interbed geological framework can be easily developed and formed,and seismic signals restricted by low frequency and narrow frequency bandwidth.In terms of the frequency,phase,energy,waveform and other dynamic and geometric properties,this paper presents some special processing methods for energy compensation,frequent bandwidth expansion,wavelet decomposition and reconstruction,etc.The combined application of them can obtain the different range and high resolution seismic data which are able to highlight the seismic responses of the organic reefs,such as the boundary reflection of reef,the domeshaped reflection from reef outline,strong reflection from reef cap,low elevation reflection from reef bottom and overlap reflection from reef flanks,etc.These data from log,geological and high-resolution seismic prospecting as well as inversed P-wave impedance indicate that high-quality reservoir(reef cap) is low in wave impedance,the reef core and and biodetritus beach are relatively high in wave impedance,and the reef complex is of high-low constantly jumping impedances.The case study applied to Changxing reefs in Yuanba gas field shows good prediction results and high consistent rate between well logs and high resolution seismic data by comparison of the original seismic data with the real drilling results.
引文
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[8]彭才,文其兵,曹博超,等.川东高峰场地区长兴组生物礁地震预测[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):207-211.Peng Cai,Wen Qibing,Cao Bochao.Seismic prediction of reef in Changxing Formation of Gaofengchang Area[J],Eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):207-211.
[9]陈勇.川东北元坝地区长兴组生物碓储层预测[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):173-180.Chen Yong.Prediction on reef reservoir in Changxing group of Yuanba area,Northeast Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):173-180.
[10]胡伟光,蒲勇,赵卓男,等.川东北元坝地区长兴组生物礁的识别[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):173-180.Hu Weiguang,Pu Yong,Zhao Zhuonan.Identification of reef reservoir of Changxing formation in Yuanba area of Northeastern Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):173-180.
[2]Kolsky H.Stress waves in solids[M].London:Oxford University Press,1953:81-83.
[3]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J].Geophys.Res.,1979,(84):4 737-4 748.
[4]Thang N,John C.Matching pursuit of two dimensional seismic data and its filtering application[C].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000.
[5]John P C,Sun Shengjie,Robert W S.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[6]Liu Jianlei,Marfurt K J.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelets[C].SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting:786-790.
[7]徐天吉,沈忠民,文雪康.子波分解与重构技术应用研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(6):660-665.Xu Tianji,Shen Zhongmin,Wen Xuekang.Research and application of multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstructing technology[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2010,37(6):660-665.
[8]彭才,文其兵,曹博超,等.川东高峰场地区长兴组生物礁地震预测[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):207-211.Peng Cai,Wen Qibing,Cao Bochao.Seismic prediction of reef in Changxing Formation of Gaofengchang Area[J],Eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):207-211.
[9]陈勇.川东北元坝地区长兴组生物碓储层预测[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):173-180.Chen Yong.Prediction on reef reservoir in Changxing group of Yuanba area,Northeast Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):173-180.
[10]胡伟光,蒲勇,赵卓男,等.川东北元坝地区长兴组生物礁的识别[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):173-180.Hu Weiguang,Pu Yong,Zhao Zhuonan.Identification of reef reservoir of Changxing formation in Yuanba area of Northeastern Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):173-180.
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