深部岩体应力瞬态释放激发微地震机制与识别
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摘要
从能量释放的角度讨论了深部岩体开挖激发微地震的机制.研究表明,伴随着爆破破岩新自由面形成而发生的岩体弹性应变能释放属于瞬态过程,高地应力条件下爆破开挖产生的微地震由爆炸荷载和初始地应力(开挖荷载)瞬态释放耦合作用引起.地应力瞬态释放激发的微地震可成为周围岩体振动的主要组成部分,这有赖于岩体自身的蓄能能力、岩体开挖方式及开挖面的大小.通过瀑布沟地下厂房爆破开挖过程中实测围岩地震信号的时能密度和幅值谱分析,对地应力瞬态释放激发的微地震进行了识别.耦合地震信号的低频成分主要由初始地应力瞬态卸荷引起,而高频成分主要由爆炸荷载引起.应用数字信号处理的FIR滤波方法对耦合振动信号进行了初步分离,数值计算验证了分离结果的可靠性.
The mechanism of triggered microseism by excavation of deep rock mass is discussed from the view of energy release.Results reveal that the elastic strain energy release of rocks,accompanied with the formation of new free surface during the rock fragmentation by blasting,is a transient process;and in highly stressed rock mass,the triggered microseism by blasting excavation is attributed to the coupling of blasting load and transient release of in-situ stress(TRIS).The TRIS-triggered microseism could become absolutely the main component of total vibration,which depends on the storage capacity of rock energy,the excavation method and the size of excavated surface.In combination with the blasting excavation of an underground powerhouse in the Pubugou Hydropower Station,the microseism excited by TRIS is identified through time-energy density analysis and amplitude spectrum analysis of monitored microseismic signals in surrounding rocks.Results indicate that lower frequency component in the coupled microseism results more from TRIS than from blasting load,and higher frequency component originates from the blasting load alone.The coupled microseismic signals are separated by employing the finite impulse response(FIR) filter,and separated waves agree very well with numerical simulation results.
The mechanism of triggered microseism by excavation of deep rock mass is discussed from the view of energy release.Results reveal that the elastic strain energy release of rocks,accompanied with the formation of new free surface during the rock fragmentation by blasting,is a transient process;and in highly stressed rock mass,the triggered microseism by blasting excavation is attributed to the coupling of blasting load and transient release of in-situ stress(TRIS).The TRIS-triggered microseism could become absolutely the main component of total vibration,which depends on the storage capacity of rock energy,the excavation method and the size of excavated surface.In combination with the blasting excavation of an underground powerhouse in the Pubugou Hydropower Station,the microseism excited by TRIS is identified through time-energy density analysis and amplitude spectrum analysis of monitored microseismic signals in surrounding rocks.Results indicate that lower frequency component in the coupled microseism results more from TRIS than from blasting load,and higher frequency component originates from the blasting load alone.The coupled microseismic signals are separated by employing the finite impulse response(FIR) filter,and separated waves agree very well with numerical simulation results.
引文
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徐则民,黄润秋,罗杏春,李睿,孙静怡.2003.静荷载理论在岩爆研究中的局限性及岩爆岩石动力学机理的初步分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,22(8):1255--1262.
薛娈鸾,陈胜宏.2006.瀑布沟工程地下厂房区地应力场的二次计算研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,25(9):1881--1886.
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张天雷,杨文东,张永刚.2011.应用震源机制方法研究鹤岗煤田开采区的构造应力环境[J].地震工程与工程振动,31(1):174--177.
张志呈,肖正学,胡健,李春晓,张渝疆.2005.岩体爆震传播时应力场的波导效应试验研究[J].化工矿物与加工,34(7):21--24.
赵阳升,冯增朝,万志军.2003.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,22(11):1781--1783.
周维垣.1989.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社:219--220.
Abuov M G,Aitaliev S M,Ermekov T M,Zhanbyrbaev N B,Kayupov M A.1989.Studies of the effect of dynamicprocesses during explosive break-out upon the roof of mining excavations[J].Soviet Min Sci,24(6):581--590.
Bykovtsev A S,Kramarovskii D B.1994.Evaluation of the seismic effect of an underground explosion[J].J Appl MechTech Phys,35(6):809--816.
Cai M.2008.Influence of stress path on tunnel excavation response:Numerical tool selection and modeling strategy[J].Tunn Undergr Sp Tech,23(6):618--628.
Carter J P,Booker J R.1990.Sudden excavation of a long circular tunnel in elastic ground[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,27(2):129--132.
Cook M A,Cook U D,Clay R B.1966.Behavior of rock during blasting[J].Trans Soc Min Engrs,1:17--25.
Ge M C.2005.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].Int J Coal Geol,64(1/2):44--56.
Kharin D A,Kuz′mina N V,Danilova T I.1966.Characteristics of the seismic effect of underground explosions[J].Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves,2(4):69--77.
Lu W B,Hustrulid W.2003.The Lu-Hustrulid approach for calculating the peak particle velocity caused by blasting[C]∥Proceedings of the2nd World Conference on Explosive and Blasting Technique.Praque,Czech:486--488.
Mccreary R,Mcgaughey J,Potvin Y,Ecobichon D,Hudyma M,Kanduth H,Coulombe A.1992.Results from microseismic monitoring,conventional instrumentation,and tomography surveys in the creation and thinning of a burstprone sill pillar[J].Pure Appl Geophys,139(3/4):349--373.
Preece D S,Evans R,Richards A B.1993.Coupled explosive gas flow and rock motion modeling with comparison tobench blast field data[C]∥Proceedings of the4th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting.Vienna,Austria:239--246.
Solecki R,Conant R J.2003.Advanced Mechanics of Materials[M].London:Oxford University Press:137--140.
和雪松,李世愚,潘科,张天中,王林瑛,许忠淮,蒋秀琴,宋绪友,陆其鹄,何淑韻.2007.矿山地震与瓦斯突出的相关性及其在震源物理研究中的意义[J].地震学报,29(3):314--327.
李鹏,卢文波,陈明,舒大强.2011.高地应力环境下梯段爆破诱发振动特征的试验研究[J].工程爆破,17(1):1--7.
李正刚.2004.二滩水电站地下厂房系统洞室围岩变形研究[J].四川水力发电,23(1):43--47.
凌同华,李夕兵,戴塔根,彭振斌.2006.基于小波变换的时-能密度法优选微差延期时间[J].重庆建筑大学学报,28(2):36--39.
卢文波,周创兵,陈明,金李,严鹏.2008.开挖卸荷的瞬态特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,27(11):2184--2192.
卢文波,杨建华,陈明,周创兵.2011.深埋隧洞岩体开挖瞬态卸荷机制及等效数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,30(6):1089--1096.
唐春安,傅宇方,赵文.1997.震源孕育模式的数值模拟研究[J].地震学报,19(4):337--346.
唐廷,王明洋,葛涛.2007.地下爆炸的地表运动研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(增刊1):3528--3532.
徐则民,黄润秋,罗杏春,李睿,孙静怡.2003.静荷载理论在岩爆研究中的局限性及岩爆岩石动力学机理的初步分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,22(8):1255--1262.
薛娈鸾,陈胜宏.2006.瀑布沟工程地下厂房区地应力场的二次计算研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,25(9):1881--1886.
杨建华,卢文波,陈明.2010.炮孔爆炸荷载变化历程的确定[C]∥第二届全国工程安全与防护学术会议.北京:773--777.
张天雷,杨文东,张永刚.2011.应用震源机制方法研究鹤岗煤田开采区的构造应力环境[J].地震工程与工程振动,31(1):174--177.
张志呈,肖正学,胡健,李春晓,张渝疆.2005.岩体爆震传播时应力场的波导效应试验研究[J].化工矿物与加工,34(7):21--24.
赵阳升,冯增朝,万志军.2003.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,22(11):1781--1783.
周维垣.1989.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社:219--220.
Abuov M G,Aitaliev S M,Ermekov T M,Zhanbyrbaev N B,Kayupov M A.1989.Studies of the effect of dynamicprocesses during explosive break-out upon the roof of mining excavations[J].Soviet Min Sci,24(6):581--590.
Bykovtsev A S,Kramarovskii D B.1994.Evaluation of the seismic effect of an underground explosion[J].J Appl MechTech Phys,35(6):809--816.
Cai M.2008.Influence of stress path on tunnel excavation response:Numerical tool selection and modeling strategy[J].Tunn Undergr Sp Tech,23(6):618--628.
Carter J P,Booker J R.1990.Sudden excavation of a long circular tunnel in elastic ground[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,27(2):129--132.
Cook M A,Cook U D,Clay R B.1966.Behavior of rock during blasting[J].Trans Soc Min Engrs,1:17--25.
Ge M C.2005.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].Int J Coal Geol,64(1/2):44--56.
Kharin D A,Kuz′mina N V,Danilova T I.1966.Characteristics of the seismic effect of underground explosions[J].Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves,2(4):69--77.
Lu W B,Hustrulid W.2003.The Lu-Hustrulid approach for calculating the peak particle velocity caused by blasting[C]∥Proceedings of the2nd World Conference on Explosive and Blasting Technique.Praque,Czech:486--488.
Mccreary R,Mcgaughey J,Potvin Y,Ecobichon D,Hudyma M,Kanduth H,Coulombe A.1992.Results from microseismic monitoring,conventional instrumentation,and tomography surveys in the creation and thinning of a burstprone sill pillar[J].Pure Appl Geophys,139(3/4):349--373.
Preece D S,Evans R,Richards A B.1993.Coupled explosive gas flow and rock motion modeling with comparison tobench blast field data[C]∥Proceedings of the4th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting.Vienna,Austria:239--246.
Solecki R,Conant R J.2003.Advanced Mechanics of Materials[M].London:Oxford University Press:137--140.
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