普通民众认知与响应地震灾害特征研究——以汶川地震勉县灾区为例
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摘要
使用问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,系统研究了汶川灾区陕西勉县民众对地震灾害的认知与响应。结论如下:①灾区民众对汶川地震灾害的认知与响应综合得分率偏低;②研究区女性的地震灾害认知程度和地震灾害的响应水平与能力略高于男性;③公职人员地震灾害认知与响应的综合水平得分率最高,工商业者在地震灾害知识4个变量上的得分率均较低;④不同年龄段的人群在面临汶川地震灾害的巨大冲击时,认知与响应能力总体上随年龄增加而呈现降低趋势,41～50岁年龄段人群出现明显反弹现象;⑤受教育程度与认知与响应综合水平及地震灾害知识间的正相关最强,与防震减灾技能和情绪、信息传播2个变量间的相关性稍弱,与灾时自救互救实况没有相关。
Mian County of Shaanxi Province is one of the disaster areas of the Wenchuan,Sichuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred in 2008.In order to supply scientific basis for earthquake disaster prevention and reduction,we research systematically on the cognition and response of the public in Mian County to the Wenchuan earthquake through questionnaire survey and field interview.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The comprehensive scoring rate of the public's cognition and response to the Wenchuan earthquake disaster is lower,and the public's disaster-coping skill and level are not ideal.There is obvious positive correlation between cognition and response of the public;their disaster cognition and coping skills affect the their behaviors and attitudes during and after earthquake.(2)The women's level of cognition and response to earthquake disaster is a little higher than the men's.(3)The comprehensive level of public functionary's cognition and response to the earthquake disaster is the highest,and the scoring rates of four variables such as earthquake knowledge of workers and businessmen are all smaller.(4)The people's cognition and response to the earthquake disaster is as a whole decreasing with age,however,cognition and response to the earthquake disaster of people aging from 41 to 50 obviously rebounds.(5)People's educational level has stronger positive correlations with their cognition and response level,but it has weaker correlations with people's skills on earthquake disaster prevention and reduction,and with the information spread after earthquake.And it has no correlations with people's self-aid and mutual aid in the earthquake event.
Mian County of Shaanxi Province is one of the disaster areas of the Wenchuan,Sichuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred in 2008.In order to supply scientific basis for earthquake disaster prevention and reduction,we research systematically on the cognition and response of the public in Mian County to the Wenchuan earthquake through questionnaire survey and field interview.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The comprehensive scoring rate of the public's cognition and response to the Wenchuan earthquake disaster is lower,and the public's disaster-coping skill and level are not ideal.There is obvious positive correlation between cognition and response of the public;their disaster cognition and coping skills affect the their behaviors and attitudes during and after earthquake.(2)The women's level of cognition and response to earthquake disaster is a little higher than the men's.(3)The comprehensive level of public functionary's cognition and response to the earthquake disaster is the highest,and the scoring rates of four variables such as earthquake knowledge of workers and businessmen are all smaller.(4)The people's cognition and response to the earthquake disaster is as a whole decreasing with age,however,cognition and response to the earthquake disaster of people aging from 41 to 50 obviously rebounds.(5)People's educational level has stronger positive correlations with their cognition and response level,but it has weaker correlations with people's skills on earthquake disaster prevention and reduction,and with the information spread after earthquake.And it has no correlations with people's self-aid and mutual aid in the earthquake event.
引文
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郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,等.2009.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(4):413-426.
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Zhou Q,Li J Y,Zhao J B.2003.Study on Index System of Assessment of Public Disaster Perception in the Western China[J].Chinese Geo-graphical Science,13(3):284-288.
冯杭建,王兰中,唐小明.2009.青川县马鹿乡地震灾后恢复重建的地质灾害危险性评估[J].山地学报,27(1):115-121.
国家减灾委员会,科学技术部抗震救灾专家组.2008.汶川地震灾害综合分析与评估[M].北京:中国科学出版社.
李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.2009.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,17(1):3-18.
刘斌涛,陶和平,范建容,等.2008.高分辨率SAR数据在5.12汶川地震灾害监测与评估中的应用[J].山地学报,26(3):267-271.
刘东生.2002.全球变化和可持续发展科学[J].地学前沿,9(1):1-8.
李景宜,周旗,严瑞.2002.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,11(4):129-134.
钱骏,肖杰,蒋厦,等.2009.阿坝州地震灾区资源环境承载力评估[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),28(2):79-82.
苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.2009.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义[J].地震地质,30(4):877-894.
田青,方修琦,乔佃峰.2005.以吉林省安图县为例说明人类对全球变化适应的行为心理学研究[J].地球科学进展,20(8):916-919.
王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.2009.汶川“5.12”地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,15(2):105-113.
王晓青,王龙,章熙海,等.2009.汶川8.0级地震震害遥感定量化初步研究[J].地震,29(1):174-181.
王兴中,郑国强,李贵才,等.1988.行为地理学导论[M].西安:陕西人民出版社.
王媛,方修琦,田青,等.2006.气候变化及人类适应行为对农作物总产变化的影响:以黑龙江省1990年代水稻生产为例[J].自然科学进展,16(12):1645-1650.
王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.2009.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究[J].灾害学,24(1):133-138.
许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.2009.汶川MS8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译[J].遥感学报,13(4):754-762.
殷跃平.2009.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,17(1):29-38.
叶笃正,符淙斌,季劲钧,等.2001.有序人类活动与生存环境[J].地球科学进展,16(4):453-460.
张拴厚,王学平,林平选,等.2008.陕西龙门山地震带地质灾害的地质构造约束[J].陕西地质,26(2):44-54.
张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.2009.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,15(2):131-141.
郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,等.2009.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(4):413-426.
Dominey-Howes D,Minos-Minopoulos D.2004.Pereptions of hazard and risk on Santorini[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Re-search,137:285-310.
Tantala M W,Nordensonb G J P,Deodatisc G,et al.2008.Earthquake Loss Estimation for the NewYork City Metropolitan Region[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,28(10-11):812-835.
Zhou Q,Li J Y,Zhao J B.2003.Study on Index System of Assessment of Public Disaster Perception in the Western China[J].Chinese Geo-graphical Science,13(3):284-288.
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