晋江龙湖湖盆古凹陷内古河流形成与消亡及与地震关系
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摘要
根据野外调查及龙湖湖内和沿岸共78个钻孔岩心揭示的龙湖及沿岸混合花岗岩及其风化土、残坡积层和晚更新世以来的沉积层展布,分析了龙湖成湖前的凹陷和发育在凹陷内的古河流环境。研究发现龙湖湖盆内下游古河床相对邻近上游河床被大幅度抬升达3m余。龙湖的最早湖相沉积年龄为2 430±90aBP,其年龄落在导致古森林更深沉没于海的深沪湾晚全新世强古地震的时间范围内,认为龙湖的形成可能与2 430aBP左右深沪湾大地震,导致控制深沪湾陆地地堑的衙口—氵丙州断裂西北侧地块翘起掀升,使得湖盆凹陷内下游古河床被快速抬升,古河流被堵塞有关。龙湖是地震断塞湖,不同于断陷湖,是向斜坳陷湖的又一种构造湖。研究得出龙湖成湖前的古河流约在7 000aBP开始形成,这正是导致深沪湾古森林首次沉没于海的深沪湾早全新世强古地震大致年龄,结合古河床形成前的凹陷形态,认为龙湖湖盆内古河流的形成可能与7 000aBP左右深沪湾大地震导致龙湖地区环境改变有关。
Study of 78 boreholes,in addition to field investigation,have been carried out in the Lonhu Lake and its coast in Jinjiang County of Fujian Province.In the depression of Longhu lake palaeo-river channels were developed before the lake formed and the inlets and outlets of the channels were defined with the sediment records from the 78 boreholes.We found that the formation of palaeo-river channels and the lake were all resulted from palaeo-earthquakes in the Holocene.The uplifting of the block in the lower reaches of the channels caused the formation of the Longhu Lake.The earliest lacustrine deposits in the Longhu Lake appeared 2 430±90 aBP.It coincided with the great earthquake happened in the Shenhu Bay region in Late Holocene from 2 800±100 to 1 460±90 aBP.which resulted in the subsidence of the palaeo-forests in Shenhu Bay into the sea.The bottom of the lower reach of the river channel was about 3 meters higher than that of the upper reach.It suggests that the Longhu Lake was formed by the earthquake in(2 800±100)~(1 460±90)aBP.which blocked the river channel.In this regard,the Longhu Lake is a seismic fault blocked lake only formed in Late Holocene.The palaeo-river was formed 7 000 aBP in early Holocene as the result of another great earthquake which made the palaeo-forests of Shenhu Bay basin sunk for the first time into the sea.The earthquake brought about great environmental changes in the region of the Shenhuwan Bay.
Study of 78 boreholes,in addition to field investigation,have been carried out in the Lonhu Lake and its coast in Jinjiang County of Fujian Province.In the depression of Longhu lake palaeo-river channels were developed before the lake formed and the inlets and outlets of the channels were defined with the sediment records from the 78 boreholes.We found that the formation of palaeo-river channels and the lake were all resulted from palaeo-earthquakes in the Holocene.The uplifting of the block in the lower reaches of the channels caused the formation of the Longhu Lake.The earliest lacustrine deposits in the Longhu Lake appeared 2 430±90 aBP.It coincided with the great earthquake happened in the Shenhu Bay region in Late Holocene from 2 800±100 to 1 460±90 aBP.which resulted in the subsidence of the palaeo-forests in Shenhu Bay into the sea.The bottom of the lower reach of the river channel was about 3 meters higher than that of the upper reach.It suggests that the Longhu Lake was formed by the earthquake in(2 800±100)~(1 460±90)aBP.which blocked the river channel.In this regard,the Longhu Lake is a seismic fault blocked lake only formed in Late Holocene.The palaeo-river was formed 7 000 aBP in early Holocene as the result of another great earthquake which made the palaeo-forests of Shenhu Bay basin sunk for the first time into the sea.The earthquake brought about great environmental changes in the region of the Shenhuwan Bay.
引文
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[17]邓起东,闻学泽.活动构造研究——历史、进展与建议[J].地震地质,30(1):1-30.[DENG Qidong,WEN Xueze.A re-view on the research of active tectonics—history,progress and suggestions[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(1):1-30.]
[18]徐起浩,冯炎基,施建生.导致古森林沉没于海的福建深沪湾古地震研究[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):367-380.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji,SHI Jiansheng.Research of palaeo-earth-quake that caused the subsidence of paleo-forest on the sea-floor in Shenhuwan Bay,Fujian Province[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):367-380.]
[19]徐起浩、冯炎基、施建生.福建深沪湾地区晚更新世中晚期以来的地壳运动[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):111-123.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji,SHI Jiansheng.Crustal movement Senhu-wan Bay province since the middle stage of late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(1):111-123.]
[20]徐起浩,施建生,聂树民,等.福建晋江市前港湖、龙湖、虺湖等的地震堵塞成因研究[J].国际地震动态,2004(6):27.[XUQihao,SHI Jiansheng,NIE Shuming,et al.Studies on the Earthquarke Origination of Qiangang,Long and Hui Lakes in Jinjiang City,Fujian Province[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2004(6):27.]
[21]徐起浩,叶秀薇,华卫,等.福建深沪湾晚更新世沉积、古环境和地壳形变[J].海洋学报,2006,28(2):66-84.[XU Qihao,YE Xiuwei,HUA Wei,et al.The late Pleistocene deposits and paleoenvironments and their bearing on crust deformation in the Shenhu Bay of Fujian Province,China[J].Acta Ocean-ologica Sinica,2006,28(2):66-84.]
[22]蔡爱智,蔡月娥.福建湄洲岛风沙的搬运与沙滩资源[J].台湾海峡,1988,7(4):389-394.[CAI Aizhi,CAI Yue′e.Eolian sand transportation and beach resource of Meizhou Island of Fujian[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1988,7(4):389-394.]
[23]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建清,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.[XU Xi-wei,WEN Xueze,YE Jianqing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismoloyg and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.]
[24]徐起浩,冯炎基.深沪湾晚更新世以来的古气候、古海平面与地壳升降运动[J].台湾海峡,1990,9(3):231-238.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji.Palaeoclimate,palaeo-sea level and crustal movement of Shenhuwan Bay of Fujian Province since Late Pleistocene[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1990,9(3):231-238.]
[25]徐起浩.深沪湾新发现的海底古森林遗迹分布及植物学、年代学特征[J].海洋科学,2001:25(2):46-49.[The distribution of the palaeo-forest vestige which discovered recently on Shenhuwan Gulf and theirs plant kingdom and age property[J].Marine Sciences,2001,25(2):46-49.]
[26]林文群,刘剑秋,赵希涛.福建晋江深沪湾海底古森林群落类型的初步研究[J].地质科学,2001,36(4):492-493.[LIN Wenqun,LIU Jianqiu,ZHAO Xitao.Dentification of woods from submerged forest in Shenhu Bay,Jinjiang,Fujian Chi-nese[J].Journal of Geology,2001,36(4):492-493.]
[2]国家地震局兰州地震研究所宁夏回族自治区地震队.1920年海原大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1980.[The seismical team of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region and Lanzhou Seismological Research Institute of State Seismological Bu-reau.Haiyuan Great Earthquacke in1920[M].Beijing:Earth-quacke Publishing House,1980.]
[3]周宏伟.汉初武都大地震与汉水上游的水系变迁[J].历史研究,2010(4):25-32.[ZHOU Honwei.The great Wudou Earth-quacke at the beginning of Han Dynasty and the river system changes of upper reaches of Hanshui rive[J].Research of His-tory,2010(4):25-32].
[4]许领,戴福初,涂新斌,等.汶川地震对现代河流形态的影响与水文效应[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(3):365-370.[XU Ling,DAI Fuchu,TU Xinbin,et al.The influence of Wen-chuan Earthquacke on morphology of modern rivers and hydro-logical effects[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2009,15(3):365-370.]
[5]徐起浩.1605年琼山强地震导致的同震海岸快速下沉、紧随的海啸及其证据[J].华南地震,2006,26(1):17-27.[XU Qi-hao.The coseismic coast fast sinkage and the following possi-ble tsunami caused by the1605Qiongshan strong earthquake and the evidence[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2006,26(1):17-27.]
[6]徐起浩.1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸[J].海洋学报,2007,29(3):146-156.[XU Qihao.The land sank into the sea and possibal tsunami by the great earthquacke in Qion-gzhou in China in1605[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(3):146-156.]
[7]徐起浩.海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震[J].地震地质,1986,8(3):92-96.[XU Qihao.Formation and migration of Dongzai Port in the northern Hainan Island and the major Qiongzhou Earthquake of1605[J].Seismic Ge-olgy,1986,8(3):92-96.]
[8]卢振恒.日本破坏性地震概况[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.[LU Zhenheng.The Survey of Destroy Properties Earth-quakes of Japan[M].Beijing:Earthquacke Publishing House,1991.]
[9]据新华社电.福岛等地大面积沉降[Z].广州日报,2011-4-16,A7版.[By tegraph of Xinhua House.Great stretch of land is subsiding in Fudao and other places[Z].Guangzhou daily,2001,4month16,A7.]
[10]据新华社电.地壳变动值再刷新,海床移动约为30m[Z].广州日报,2011-4-20,A10.[By tegraph of Xinhua House.The value of crust movement changed again and the sea bed moved about30m[Z].Guangzhou daily,2001,4month20,A10.]
[11]Atwater B F.Coastal Evidence for Great Earthquakes in Western Washington[C]//Reprinted from U S Geological Survey Professional Paper1560.United States Government Printing Office Washiton,1997.]
[12]张振克,孟红明,王万芳,等.海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):9-14.[ZHANG Zhenke,MENG Hongming,WANG Wanfang,etal.Preliminary study on the coastal sediments records about the historical earthquake in the year of1605,Hainan Island,China[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3):9-14.]
[13]冉勇康,邓起东.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].科学通报,1999,44(1):12-20.[RAN Yankang,DENG Qi-dong.The history,present situation and the tendency of de-veloping of palaeo-seismology[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(1):12-20.]
[14]Yeats R S,Prentice C S.Introduction to special Section Pale-oseismology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B3):5847-5853.]
[15]Atwater B F.Geologic evidence for Earthquakes during the past2000years along the Copalis River,southern coastal Washington[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B2):1901-1919.]
[16]Karlin R E,Sally Abella E B.Paleoearthquakes in the Puget Sound region recorded in sediments from Lake Washington,U S A[J].Science,1992,258:1617-1620.]
[17]邓起东,闻学泽.活动构造研究——历史、进展与建议[J].地震地质,30(1):1-30.[DENG Qidong,WEN Xueze.A re-view on the research of active tectonics—history,progress and suggestions[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(1):1-30.]
[18]徐起浩,冯炎基,施建生.导致古森林沉没于海的福建深沪湾古地震研究[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):367-380.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji,SHI Jiansheng.Research of palaeo-earth-quake that caused the subsidence of paleo-forest on the sea-floor in Shenhuwan Bay,Fujian Province[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):367-380.]
[19]徐起浩、冯炎基、施建生.福建深沪湾地区晚更新世中晚期以来的地壳运动[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):111-123.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji,SHI Jiansheng.Crustal movement Senhu-wan Bay province since the middle stage of late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(1):111-123.]
[20]徐起浩,施建生,聂树民,等.福建晋江市前港湖、龙湖、虺湖等的地震堵塞成因研究[J].国际地震动态,2004(6):27.[XUQihao,SHI Jiansheng,NIE Shuming,et al.Studies on the Earthquarke Origination of Qiangang,Long and Hui Lakes in Jinjiang City,Fujian Province[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2004(6):27.]
[21]徐起浩,叶秀薇,华卫,等.福建深沪湾晚更新世沉积、古环境和地壳形变[J].海洋学报,2006,28(2):66-84.[XU Qihao,YE Xiuwei,HUA Wei,et al.The late Pleistocene deposits and paleoenvironments and their bearing on crust deformation in the Shenhu Bay of Fujian Province,China[J].Acta Ocean-ologica Sinica,2006,28(2):66-84.]
[22]蔡爱智,蔡月娥.福建湄洲岛风沙的搬运与沙滩资源[J].台湾海峡,1988,7(4):389-394.[CAI Aizhi,CAI Yue′e.Eolian sand transportation and beach resource of Meizhou Island of Fujian[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1988,7(4):389-394.]
[23]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建清,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.[XU Xi-wei,WEN Xueze,YE Jianqing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismoloyg and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.]
[24]徐起浩,冯炎基.深沪湾晚更新世以来的古气候、古海平面与地壳升降运动[J].台湾海峡,1990,9(3):231-238.[XU Qi-hao,FENG Yanji.Palaeoclimate,palaeo-sea level and crustal movement of Shenhuwan Bay of Fujian Province since Late Pleistocene[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1990,9(3):231-238.]
[25]徐起浩.深沪湾新发现的海底古森林遗迹分布及植物学、年代学特征[J].海洋科学,2001:25(2):46-49.[The distribution of the palaeo-forest vestige which discovered recently on Shenhuwan Gulf and theirs plant kingdom and age property[J].Marine Sciences,2001,25(2):46-49.]
[26]林文群,刘剑秋,赵希涛.福建晋江深沪湾海底古森林群落类型的初步研究[J].地质科学,2001,36(4):492-493.[LIN Wenqun,LIU Jianqiu,ZHAO Xitao.Dentification of woods from submerged forest in Shenhu Bay,Jinjiang,Fujian Chi-nese[J].Journal of Geology,2001,36(4):492-493.]
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