地震仪的发展历史及现状综述
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摘要
地震仪是地震监测中最关键的仪器,负责对地震信息进行采集和记录,其性能的好坏直接影响监测结果的可靠与否.因此,了解不同原理地震仪的性能和适用环境,对于地震数据采集和分析工作都有重要意义.本文从不同类型地震仪的原理出发,简要概括了其优缺点,以及当前的研究进展和使用现状,以便为相关科学研究和工程应用提供参考.此外,本文还简要介绍了目前本课题组正在研究的一款激光多普勒地震仪的设计原理.
Seismograph is the most key instrument for seismic monitoring responsible for acquiring and recording seismic signals so that its performance will affect the reliability of monitoring results directly.Therefor,it is extremely significant for acquisition and analysis of seismic data to master the performance and suitable environment of various seismometers with different principle.Since different seismometer is suitable for different environment,and shows various performance.By reviewing a large number of references at home and abroad,we briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different types of seismographs from their principle,as well as the research progress and use actuality,which is supposed to to facilitate the reference for relevant researches and engineering application.In addition,this paper also presents the principle of a laser Doppler seismograph that we are studying currently.Laser measuring technology has the advantage of resolution and antinoise compared with other electromagnetic measuring technology.Hence,designing seismograph with laser measuring technology will improve instrument performance in terms of resolution and environmental adaptability.
Seismograph is the most key instrument for seismic monitoring responsible for acquiring and recording seismic signals so that its performance will affect the reliability of monitoring results directly.Therefor,it is extremely significant for acquisition and analysis of seismic data to master the performance and suitable environment of various seismometers with different principle.Since different seismometer is suitable for different environment,and shows various performance.By reviewing a large number of references at home and abroad,we briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different types of seismographs from their principle,as well as the research progress and use actuality,which is supposed to to facilitate the reference for relevant researches and engineering application.In addition,this paper also presents the principle of a laser Doppler seismograph that we are studying currently.Laser measuring technology has the advantage of resolution and antinoise compared with other electromagnetic measuring technology.Hence,designing seismograph with laser measuring technology will improve instrument performance in terms of resolution and environmental adaptability.
引文
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[2]罗福龙.地震仪器概述及其指标分析(一)[J].物探装备,2004,14(3):204-210.Luo F L.Introduction of seismographs and analysis of indexes(1)[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,14(3):204-210.
[3]袁子龙,韦丹宁,李婷婷.高分辨率地震勘探智能程控型前置放大器的设计[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):300-303.Yuan Z L,Wei D N,Li T T.The design of programming pre-amplifier in high-resolution seismic exploration[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):300-303.
[4]陈金鹰,龚江涛,庞进,等.地震检波器技术与发展研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):382-385.Chen J Y,Gong J T,Pang J,et al.Research on technologyand development of geophones[J].Computing Techniques forGeophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2007,29(5):382-385.
[5]朱铉.数字地震仪的发展历史及展望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):301-304.Zhu X.The history and prospect of seismic recording system[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(2):301-304.
[6]雷军,李学政,冯永革.从20年国际地学计划中看地震观测台网与现代数字地震仪的发展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):819-827.Lei J,Li X Z,Feng Y G.A survey of development in seismicnetwork and digital seismograph in international geoscienceprograms during the past 20years[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):819-827.
[7]张军华,郑旭刚,王伟,等.地震采集技术新进展[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):373-382.Zhang J H,Zheng X G,Wang W,et al.New progress ofseismic acquisition technology[J].Computing Techniques forGeophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2007,29(5):373-382.
[8]韩晓泉,穆群英,易碧金.地震勘探仪器的现状及发展趋势[J].物探装备,2008,18(1):1-6.Han X Q,Mu Q Y,Yi B J.Current situation anddevelopment trend of seismographs[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,18(1):1-6.
[9]Cowsik R,Madziwa-Nussinov T,Wagoner K,et al.Performancecharacteristics of a rotational seismometer for near-field andengineering applications[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2009,99(2B):1181-1189.
[10]Manukin A B,Gorshkov A N,Andreev O N,et al.Shlyk.Compact high-sensitivity accelerometer-seismometer[J].Cosmic Research,2010,48(4):346-351.
[11]李善邦.我国早期地震工作发展概况[J].西北地震学报,1980,2(1):1-5.Li S B.Overview of early development of earthquake in China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),1980,2(1):1-5.
[12]宋臣田.中国地震观测仪器设备概览[J].地震科技情报,1998,(7):15-18.Song C T.Overview of the seismic observation instrumentsand equipment in China[J].Seismological Information(inChinese),1998,(7):15-18.
[13]许绍燮.581型微震仪设计和试验结果[J].地球物理学报,1959,8(2):109-122.Xu S X.Design,construction and testing results of the type-581seismograph[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1959,8(2):109-122.
[14]陆其鹄.65型地震仪与测振仪[A].//陈颙.地球物理与中国建设——庆祝中国地球物理学会成立50周年文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1997:279-280.Lu Q H.Seismograph and vibration detector of model 65[A].//Chen Y.Geophysics and Chinese Construction——Collection of Celebrating the 50Anniversary of the Fundingof Chinese Geophysical Society[C].Beijing:Geology Press(in Chinese),1997:279-280.
[15]北京地震基准台.DD-1型地震仪的技术改造与推广[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1993,14(6):43-47.Beijing Seismic Station.The technical improvement andpopularization of DD-1seismography[J].Seismological andGeomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),1993,14(6):43-47.
[16]琴朝智,王鸣,杨业钰,等.我国763型光记录长周期地震仪系统[J].地球物理学报,1983,26(4):366-375.Qin C Z,Wang M,Yang Y Y,et al.The long periodseismograph type 763[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1983,26(4):366-375.
[17]袁子龙,狄帮让,肖忠祥.地震勘探仪器原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Yuan Z L,Di B R,Xiao Z X.Principle of Seismograph[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese),2006.
[18]李淑清,陶知非.未来地震检波器理论分析[J].物探装备,2003,13(3):152-156,171.Li S Q,Tao Z F.Theoretical analysis of realized way to nextgeneration of seismic geophone[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,13(3):152-156,171.
[19]Eguchi T,Fujinawa Y,Fujita E,et al.A real-time observationnetwork of ocean-bottom-seismometers deployed at theSagami trough subduction zone,Central Japan[J].MarineGeophysical Researches,1998,20(2):73-94.
[20]Vasilyev I M,Kozhevnikov Y P,Matsiyevskiy S A,et al.The prospects for modernizing very broadband seismometers[J].Seismic Instruments,2009,45(1):60-68.
[21]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华,等.压电式检波器在高分辨率地震勘探中的试验研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(1):91-95.Shan G Y,Han L G,Zhang L H,et al.Experimental studyon piezoelectric geophone in high resolution seismicexploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(inChinese),2009,48(1):91-95.
[22]Muramatsu I,Sasatani T,Yokoi I.Velocity-type strong-motionseismometer using a coupled pendulum:design andperformance[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2001,91(3):604-616.
[23]Koutsoukos E T,Melis N S.A horizontal component broadbandseismic sensor based on an inverted pendulum[J].Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,2005,95(6):2462-2471.
[24]Forbriger T.About the nonunique sensitivity of pendulumseismometers to translational,angular,and centripetalacceleration[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2009,99(2B):1343-1351.
[25]马庆芸,冯玉华.用于流动长周期地震计的电容位移换能器[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1985,6(3):1-8.Ma Q Y,Feng Y H.A capacitive displacement transducerused in the mobile long-period seismometer[J].Seismologicaland Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),1985,6(3):1-8.
[26]陈宏水,付迺珍.电容位移传感器的研制[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1988,9(5):116-124.Chen H S,Fu N Z.Research of the capacitive displacementsensor[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation andResearch(in Chinese),1988,9(5):116-124.
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