芦山地震中G318线天全段崩塌发育规律
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摘要
G318线天全段处于深切峡谷区,在"4·20"芦山地震中共发生26处崩塌。该段崩塌仅有2处为地震中新增点,其余24处均为原崩塌点在地震中重新崩落。通过对崩塌的空间分布、与地震烈度、发震断裂、岩性及坡度的关系等方面的分析,总结芦山地震公路边坡崩塌的发育规律如下:1.崩塌规模以中小型为主;2.由Ⅶ度带到非地震影响区,随着地震烈度的降低,崩塌的规模减小、密度降低;3.崩塌分布表现出明显的"上下盘效应",双石-大川断裂上盘的崩塌分布密度约为下盘的2倍;4.崩塌在花岗岩及砂岩中多发;5.地貌及人类工程活动是崩塌发育的主控因素,地震是其重要诱发因素。震后崩塌具有隐蔽性及滞后性,在余震及强降雨条件下,区内"震裂岩体"变形加剧,公路沿线崩塌将进入高发期。
Tianquan section of China national highway 318 is located in the incised valley.During the Lushan Earthquake on April 20,2013,there were 26 collapses accounted along the 91 km highway.Only 2 collapses are new while the other 24 which are exist before the Lushan Earthquake fallen again this time.The development and distribution rules of collapses are obtained as follow through analyzing the positions and the relationship between collapses and seismic intensity,coseismic fault,lithology and gradient.1.The scales of the collapses are small(≤10 000 m3) or Medium(10 000 ～100 000 m3).2.From Ⅶ zone to un-stricken area,the scale of collapses turn smaller and the concentration of collapses turn lower with the attenuation of seismic intensity.3.The distribution of earthquake-induced collapses has marked hangingwall effect,for the collapses concentration in the hangingwall of coseismic fault which named Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault nearly twice that in the footwall.4.The collapses mostly formed in granite and sandstone.5.The terrain and engineering activities are main factors which control the development of collapses while the earthquake is an inducing factor.The post-earthquake collapses is hysteretic and covert.They will occur along the highway in a very long time under the influence of rainfall and aftershock.
Tianquan section of China national highway 318 is located in the incised valley.During the Lushan Earthquake on April 20,2013,there were 26 collapses accounted along the 91 km highway.Only 2 collapses are new while the other 24 which are exist before the Lushan Earthquake fallen again this time.The development and distribution rules of collapses are obtained as follow through analyzing the positions and the relationship between collapses and seismic intensity,coseismic fault,lithology and gradient.1.The scales of the collapses are small(≤10 000 m3) or Medium(10 000 ～100 000 m3).2.From Ⅶ zone to un-stricken area,the scale of collapses turn smaller and the concentration of collapses turn lower with the attenuation of seismic intensity.3.The distribution of earthquake-induced collapses has marked hangingwall effect,for the collapses concentration in the hangingwall of coseismic fault which named Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault nearly twice that in the footwall.4.The collapses mostly formed in granite and sandstone.5.The terrain and engineering activities are main factors which control the development of collapses while the earthquake is an inducing factor.The post-earthquake collapses is hysteretic and covert.They will occur along the highway in a very long time under the influence of rainfall and aftershock.
引文
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[15]Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28[黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28]
[16]China Seismological Bureau.There are 8 791 recorded aftershocks after the Apr.20,2013,Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake.[EB/OL].(2013-05-12).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468 /553/100342/100346/20130514144155934317645/index.html[中国地震局.四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震共记录到余震8 791次.[EB/OL].(2013-05-12).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468/553/100342/100346/20130514144155934317645/index.html]
[2]Liu J,Yi G X,Zhang Z W,et al.Introduction to the Lushan,Sichuan Ms7.0 earthquake on 20 April 2013[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2013,56(4):1404-1407[刘杰,易桂喜,张致伟,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震介绍[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1404-1407]
[3]China Seismological Bureau.The seismic intensity map of the Apr.20,2013,Lushan Earthquake[EB/OL].(2013-04-25).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/465/539/20130426185746117952058/index.html[中国地震局.中国地震局发布四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震烈度图[EB/OL].(2013-04-25).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/465/539/20130426185746117952058/index.html.]
[4]Chinese Information Office of the State Council.The press conference of 4.20 Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake holed by Chinese Information Office of the State Council[EB/OL].(2013-04-26).http://www.eqsc.gov.cn/zxxw/201304/t20130426_26026.html.[国务院新闻办公室.国新办举行四川芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震灾情及抗震救灾情况新闻发布会[EB/OL].(2013-04-26).http://www.eqsc.gov.cn/zxxw/201304/t20130426_26026.html.]
[5]Wu Zhenhan,Zhang Zuochen.Types of seismic and geological hazards caused by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2008,82(12):1747-1757[吴珍汉,张作辰.汶川8级地震地质灾害的类型及实例[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1747-1757]
[6]Tang Yongjian,Zhuang Weilin,Ji Suiwang.Emergency investigation and open of Sichuan roads in the disaster area under“5·12”Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.[唐永建,庄卫林,吉随旺.“5·12”汶川大地震四川灾区公路应急调查与抢通[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.]
[7]Keefer D V.Landslides Caused by Earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406-421
[8]Abrahamson N A,Silva W J.Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology,1997,68(1):94-109
[9]Cheng Liangxia,Su Shengrui,Li Song,et al.Analysis of formation mechanisms on highway slope collapse after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):249-258[成良霞,苏生瑞,李松,等.震后公路边坡崩塌地质灾害形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):249-258]
[10]Su Shengrui,Li Song,Cheng Qiang.Characteristics of the postearthquake rockfalls of highway slopes in Wenchuan-earthquakestricken areas[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(3):321 -327[苏生瑞,李松,程强.汶川地震后公路边坡崩塌灾害发育规律[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):321-327]
[11]Xie Hong,Wang Shige,Kong Jiming.Distribution and characteristics of mountain hazards Induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(4):396-401[谢洪,王士革,孔纪名.“5·12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-401 ]
[12]Zhuang Jianqi,Cui Peng,Ge Yonggang,et al.Distribution characteristics and impact factors assessment of collapses and landslides caused by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake:Taking DujiangyanWenchuan Highway as a sample[J].Geolog ical Science and Technology Information,2009,28(2):16-22[庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等.5.12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价——以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为例[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):16-22.]
[13]Abrahamson N A,Somerville P G.Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86(1B):S93-S99
[14]Yu Yanxing,Gao Mengtan.Effects of the hangingwall and footwall on peak acceleration during the Chi-Chi earthquake,Taiwan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):615-621[俞言祥,高孟潭.台湾集集地震近场地震动的上盘效应[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):615~621].
[15]Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28[黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28]
[16]China Seismological Bureau.There are 8 791 recorded aftershocks after the Apr.20,2013,Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake.[EB/OL].(2013-05-12).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468 /553/100342/100346/20130514144155934317645/index.html[中国地震局.四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震共记录到余震8 791次.[EB/OL].(2013-05-12).http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468/553/100342/100346/20130514144155934317645/index.html]
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