下地壳地震深反射的可能载体:来自层状辉长岩组构和高温高压波速实验的证据
摘要
通过对四川攀西地区层状辉长岩中斜长石和普通辉石晶格优选方位(LPO)的测量,发现矿物定向主要表现在斜长石的[010]极密与辉石的[100]极密分别与面理垂直,显示出一种与晶体结晶习性有关的生长组构,与晶体在岩浆中结晶并受到一定的压实作用有联系.利用矿物组构数据计算的地震波速度结构反映出较强的各向异性,Vp,Vs的各向异性分别为5.81％和5.54％.高温高压条件下波速的测定结果显示出相似的特征:层状辉长岩的纵波速度介于6.44~6.97 km/s,纵波最大各向异性值为5.22％,Poisson比介于0.28~0.31,通过对攀西层状辉长岩组构和波速结构的研究,推断该区下地壳可能存在较大规模的层状辉长岩体或类似的层状地质体,这种具有明显地震波各向异性的层状似层状介质是下地壳地震深反射的可能载体.
引文
1) 孔华.华南部分地区下地壳、上地幔岩石物质组成及流变学研究.中因地质大学(武汉)博士后研究工作报告.1999
1 吴宣志.近垂直反射方法及深反射的实质.见:张炳熹,洪大卫,吴宣志,主编.岩石圈研究的现代方法.北京:原子能出版社,1997． 37-44
2 Christensen N I. Reflectivity and seismic properties of the deep continental crust. J Geophys Res, 1989, 94(B): 17793-17804
3 Jones K A, Warner M R, Morgan R P, et al. Coincident normal-incidence and wide-angle reflections from Mono: evidence for crustal seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 1996, 264(1-4) : 205-217
4 Reston T J. Evidence for shear zones in the lower crust offshore Britain. Tectonics. 1990, 7: 929-945
5 Pavlenkoba N I. The Kola superdeep drillhole and the nature of seismic boundaries. Terra Nova, 1992,4: 117-123
6 Hyndman R D, Shearer P M. Water in the lower continental crust: Modeling magnetotelluric and seismic reflection results. Geophys J Int. 1989,98(2) : 343-365
7 Green A G, Milkereit B, Percival J A, et al. Origin of deep crust reflections: Results from seismic reflection profiling across high grade metamorphic terranes in Canada. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173(1-4) : 627-638
8 Nelson K D. A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep reflection and refraction results. Geophys J Int, 1991, 105:25-35
9 Warner M. Basalt, water, or shear zones in the lower continental crust. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173: 163-174
10 Brittan J, Warner M. Seismic velocity, heterogeneity, and the composition of lower crust. Tectonophysics, 1996, 264(1-4) : 249-259
11 Soedjatmiko B, Christensen N I. Seismic anisotropy under extended crust: Evidence from upper mantle xenoliths, Cima Volcanic Field, California. Tectonophysics, 2000, 321(3) : 279-296
12 宋谢炎,王玉兰,张正阶.等.层状侵入体韵律层理形成过程的定量模拟.地质学报,1999,73(1) :37~46
13 Boudreau A E, McBirney A R. The Skaergaard layered series. PartⅢ. Non-dynamic layering. J Petrology, 1997, 38(8) : 1003-1020
14 Campbell Z H. Some problems with the cumulus theory. Lithos, 1978, 11: 311-323
15 Wiebe R A, Snyder D. Slow, dense replenishments of a basic magma chamber: the layered series of the Newark Island layered intrusion. Nail, Labrador. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1992, 113: 59-72
16 McBirney A R, Nicolas A. The Skaergaard layered series. Part II . Magmatic flow and dynamic layering. J Petrology, 1997, 38(5) : 569-580
17 Smith M K. Thermal convection during the directional solidification of pure liquid with variable viscosity. J Fluid Mech, 1988． 188: 547-570
18 Marsh B D. On convective style and vigor in sheet-like magma chamber. J Petrology, 1989, 30: 479-530
19 Brandeis G. Constrains on the formation of cyclic units in ultramafic zones of large basaltic chambers. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1992, 112: 312-328
20 欧新功,金淑燕.层状侵入体及其韵律层成因.地学前缘.2000,7(1) :79-86
21 滕吉文.康滇构造带岩石圈物理与动力学.北京:科学出版社.1994． 63~65
22 Ji Shaocheng, Zhao Xiaoou, Zhao Pmglao. On the measurement of plagioclase lattice preferred orientations. Journal of Structural Geology, 1994, 16(12) : 1711-1718
23 Ji Shaocheng, Mainprice D. Natural deformation fabrics of plagioclase: implications for slip systems and seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 1988． 147(1-2) : 145-163
24 金淑燕.斜长石组构与下地壳各向异性.地质科技情报,2000,19(3) :1-6
25 黄晓葛,白武明.地震波各向异性的研究进展.地球物理学进展,1 999,14(3) :54～65
26 马芳,金淑燕.斜长石组构的显微测量方法及应用.世界地质,1999,1 8(1) :33~38
27 关小平,金淑燕.矿物光率体主轴、晶轴、弹性张量的数学转换和计算机实现的方法.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,1999． 24(2) :1 73-1 78
28 刘建华,刘福田,何建坤,等.攀西古裂谷的地震成像研究--壳幔构造特征及其演化推断.中国科学,D辑,2000,30:9-15
29 熊绍柏,滕吉文.尹周勋等.攀西构造带南部地壳与上地幔结构的爆炸地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,29:235-245
30 滕吉文,张中杰.东亚大陆伸展和裂谷作用与动力学.地球物理学进展,1997,12(2) :1-29
3 1 卢德源,崔作舟,黄立言,等.川滇南北构造带北段丽江-西昌-新市镇地区的地壳深部结构.见:张云湘,袁学诚,主编.中国攀西裂谷文集(Ⅲ)北京:地质出版社,1988． 22～35
32 卢德源,崔作舟,陈纪平,等.川滇南北构造带轴部渡口-康定地区爆炸地震研究.见:张云
1 吴宣志.近垂直反射方法及深反射的实质.见:张炳熹,洪大卫,吴宣志,主编.岩石圈研究的现代方法.北京:原子能出版社,1997． 37-44
2 Christensen N I. Reflectivity and seismic properties of the deep continental crust. J Geophys Res, 1989, 94(B): 17793-17804
3 Jones K A, Warner M R, Morgan R P, et al. Coincident normal-incidence and wide-angle reflections from Mono: evidence for crustal seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 1996, 264(1-4) : 205-217
4 Reston T J. Evidence for shear zones in the lower crust offshore Britain. Tectonics. 1990, 7: 929-945
5 Pavlenkoba N I. The Kola superdeep drillhole and the nature of seismic boundaries. Terra Nova, 1992,4: 117-123
6 Hyndman R D, Shearer P M. Water in the lower continental crust: Modeling magnetotelluric and seismic reflection results. Geophys J Int. 1989,98(2) : 343-365
7 Green A G, Milkereit B, Percival J A, et al. Origin of deep crust reflections: Results from seismic reflection profiling across high grade metamorphic terranes in Canada. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173(1-4) : 627-638
8 Nelson K D. A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep reflection and refraction results. Geophys J Int, 1991, 105:25-35
9 Warner M. Basalt, water, or shear zones in the lower continental crust. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173: 163-174
10 Brittan J, Warner M. Seismic velocity, heterogeneity, and the composition of lower crust. Tectonophysics, 1996, 264(1-4) : 249-259
11 Soedjatmiko B, Christensen N I. Seismic anisotropy under extended crust: Evidence from upper mantle xenoliths, Cima Volcanic Field, California. Tectonophysics, 2000, 321(3) : 279-296
12 宋谢炎,王玉兰,张正阶.等.层状侵入体韵律层理形成过程的定量模拟.地质学报,1999,73(1) :37~46
13 Boudreau A E, McBirney A R. The Skaergaard layered series. PartⅢ. Non-dynamic layering. J Petrology, 1997, 38(8) : 1003-1020
14 Campbell Z H. Some problems with the cumulus theory. Lithos, 1978, 11: 311-323
15 Wiebe R A, Snyder D. Slow, dense replenishments of a basic magma chamber: the layered series of the Newark Island layered intrusion. Nail, Labrador. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1992, 113: 59-72
16 McBirney A R, Nicolas A. The Skaergaard layered series. Part II . Magmatic flow and dynamic layering. J Petrology, 1997, 38(5) : 569-580
17 Smith M K. Thermal convection during the directional solidification of pure liquid with variable viscosity. J Fluid Mech, 1988． 188: 547-570
18 Marsh B D. On convective style and vigor in sheet-like magma chamber. J Petrology, 1989, 30: 479-530
19 Brandeis G. Constrains on the formation of cyclic units in ultramafic zones of large basaltic chambers. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1992, 112: 312-328
20 欧新功,金淑燕.层状侵入体及其韵律层成因.地学前缘.2000,7(1) :79-86
21 滕吉文.康滇构造带岩石圈物理与动力学.北京:科学出版社.1994． 63~65
22 Ji Shaocheng, Zhao Xiaoou, Zhao Pmglao. On the measurement of plagioclase lattice preferred orientations. Journal of Structural Geology, 1994, 16(12) : 1711-1718
23 Ji Shaocheng, Mainprice D. Natural deformation fabrics of plagioclase: implications for slip systems and seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 1988． 147(1-2) : 145-163
24 金淑燕.斜长石组构与下地壳各向异性.地质科技情报,2000,19(3) :1-6
25 黄晓葛,白武明.地震波各向异性的研究进展.地球物理学进展,1 999,14(3) :54～65
26 马芳,金淑燕.斜长石组构的显微测量方法及应用.世界地质,1999,1 8(1) :33~38
27 关小平,金淑燕.矿物光率体主轴、晶轴、弹性张量的数学转换和计算机实现的方法.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,1999． 24(2) :1 73-1 78
28 刘建华,刘福田,何建坤,等.攀西古裂谷的地震成像研究--壳幔构造特征及其演化推断.中国科学,D辑,2000,30:9-15
29 熊绍柏,滕吉文.尹周勋等.攀西构造带南部地壳与上地幔结构的爆炸地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,29:235-245
30 滕吉文,张中杰.东亚大陆伸展和裂谷作用与动力学.地球物理学进展,1997,12(2) :1-29
3 1 卢德源,崔作舟,黄立言,等.川滇南北构造带北段丽江-西昌-新市镇地区的地壳深部结构.见:张云湘,袁学诚,主编.中国攀西裂谷文集(Ⅲ)北京:地质出版社,1988． 22～35
32 卢德源,崔作舟,陈纪平,等.川滇南北构造带轴部渡口-康定地区爆炸地震研究.见:张云
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