地球各向异性介质中地震波动理论、检测与应用研究
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摘要
地下岩石的各向异性主要表现在地震波速度随传播方向发生变化，不同类型体波间相互耦合，横波发生分裂，波速度频散依赖于传播方向等。薄互层与裂隙定向分布等产生视各向异性，它在石油地震勘探、地震预测和岩石圈物理与动力学研究中有极大潜力和应用前景，并受到广泛重视。为此，文中讨论了地震各向异性研究在解决地球科学问题中的重要性与必要性；系统地介绍了中国在地震各向异性研究领域的各个方面，如波动传播、波场激发、数值模拟、偏移与反演成像，以及应用于油气资源探测、深部地球物理研究和地质灾害监测等方面所取得的新进展。结合笔者参加的第八届地震各向异性国际学术讨论会，及ＳＥＧ，ＩＡＳＰＥＩ，ＩＵＧＧ等有关学术会议情况，综述了国际上在该领域内的主要成果与发展动向，分析了国际上各国地震各向异性研究现状及存在问题，并对我国在该领域研究的进一步开展提供了主攻问题与相应建议。
The study of seismic waves propagation in anisotropic medium is one of the frontier problems in seismology. It is also one of the difficult problems. The anisotropy of the underground rocks mainly manifests that the seismic waves velocities vary with propagating direction, the different type body waves may couple with each other, the dispersions of surface waves velocities depend on propagating direction, the shear waves may split, etc. Furthermore, thin layered medium and preferred crack distribution are induced to apparent anisotropy. So it has great potentiality and bright future in significant applications on oil and gas seismic exploration, earthquake prediction and the study of lithosphere physics and dynamics, and lots of attention were focused on. The importance and necessity for the study of seismic anisotropy implied to solve the problems of Earth sciences is discussed in this paper. The new developments on each research aspect of seismic anisotropy, such as seismic propagation, wave's generation, numerical modeling, migration, inversion, and their application on oil gas exploration, deep seismic sounding and disaster monitor, are systematically introduced. Combined with the author's attention of 8th seismic anisotropy international workshop, SEG, IASPEI and IUGG meeting, the main achievement and development trend are reviewed. The present situation and existed problem on seismic anisotropy are analyzed. The problems for the further undertaking of seismic anisotropy and it's corresponding suggestions for solving these problems are proposed.
The study of seismic waves propagation in anisotropic medium is one of the frontier problems in seismology. It is also one of the difficult problems. The anisotropy of the underground rocks mainly manifests that the seismic waves velocities vary with propagating direction, the different type body waves may couple with each other, the dispersions of surface waves velocities depend on propagating direction, the shear waves may split, etc. Furthermore, thin layered medium and preferred crack distribution are induced to apparent anisotropy. So it has great potentiality and bright future in significant applications on oil and gas seismic exploration, earthquake prediction and the study of lithosphere physics and dynamics, and lots of attention were focused on. The importance and necessity for the study of seismic anisotropy implied to solve the problems of Earth sciences is discussed in this paper. The new developments on each research aspect of seismic anisotropy, such as seismic propagation, wave's generation, numerical modeling, migration, inversion, and their application on oil gas exploration, deep seismic sounding and disaster monitor, are systematically introduced. Combined with the author's attention of 8th seismic anisotropy international workshop, SEG, IASPEI and IUGG meeting, the main achievement and development trend are reviewed. The present situation and existed problem on seismic anisotropy are analyzed. The problems for the further undertaking of seismic anisotropy and it's corresponding suggestions for solving these problems are proposed.
引文
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