基于ASAR影像亚像元匹配技术研究汶川地震同震形变特征
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摘要
利用汶川地震前后的ENVISAT ASAR影像,采用交叉相关性方法对影像进行了亚像元级别的配准,获取了沿卫星斜距向和方位向上的同震形变图,对地震地表破裂带的分布及断层运动特性进行了分析.提取了沿北川—映秀断裂分布的长230 km的地震地表破裂带,以及沿灌县—江油断裂分布的长约65 km的地震地表破裂带.通过对两个方向地表位移进行分析可知,北川—映秀断裂带的南段以逆冲运动为主导,兼一定的右行走滑运动,向北逐渐转为右行走滑为主的运动特征,并具有一定的逆冲特性;而灌县—江油断裂主要以逆冲作用为主.研究表明,该方法与InSAR、GPS技术以及野外调查的研究结果基本一致,并从另一个角度揭示了汶川地震地表破裂带的分布特征和断层运动性质,因此可以同其它方法一起作为地震同震形变场研究的有效技术手段.
ENVISAT ASAR images were used to measure coseismic displacement field of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in both the line of sight and azimuth directions of the sensor.Cross-correlation method was utilized to match the images before and after the earthquake in precision of sub-pixel level.And then we analyzed surface rupture geometry and motion feature of the Longmenshan fault zone.Two large scale surface ruptures are identified on the map.One is distributed along Beichuan——Yingxiu fault,about 230 km long.And the other is distributed along Guanxian——Jiangyou fault,about 65 km long.The two deformation maps also illuminate motion characteristc of the Longmenshan fault zone.The southwest part of Beichuan——Yingxiu fault is characterized by thrust-dominant motion,while the northeast part shows right-lateral slip.The Guanxian——Jiangyou fault is a thrust-dominant fault.This result is in well accordance with InSAR/GPS and field surveys and reveals coseismic displacement features of the Wenchuan earthquake from a new sight.So sub-pixel matching method,together with other methods,will serve as an effective technique in the research of surface ruptures and fault activity.
ENVISAT ASAR images were used to measure coseismic displacement field of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in both the line of sight and azimuth directions of the sensor.Cross-correlation method was utilized to match the images before and after the earthquake in precision of sub-pixel level.And then we analyzed surface rupture geometry and motion feature of the Longmenshan fault zone.Two large scale surface ruptures are identified on the map.One is distributed along Beichuan——Yingxiu fault,about 230 km long.And the other is distributed along Guanxian——Jiangyou fault,about 65 km long.The two deformation maps also illuminate motion characteristc of the Longmenshan fault zone.The southwest part of Beichuan——Yingxiu fault is characterized by thrust-dominant motion,while the northeast part shows right-lateral slip.The Guanxian——Jiangyou fault is a thrust-dominant fault.This result is in well accordance with InSAR/GPS and field surveys and reveals coseismic displacement features of the Wenchuan earthquake from a new sight.So sub-pixel matching method,together with other methods,will serve as an effective technique in the research of surface ruptures and fault activity.
引文
陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章,于贵华,李峰,李陈侠,闻学泽,何玉林,叶友青,陈献程,王志才.2008.2008年汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂变形定量分析:北川-映秀断裂地表破裂带[J].地震地质,30(3):723--738.
陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,徐杰,周本刚,黎小刚,叶友青.2007.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,29(3):657--673.
邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.1994.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,16(4):389--403.
何宏林,孙昭民,王世元,王纪强,董绍鹏.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带[J].地震地质,30(2):359--362.
李传友,叶建青,谢富仁,郑文俊,韩用兵,刘玉法,王伟涛,魏占玉,赵冬,马保起,任俊杰.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带北川以北段的基本特征[J].地震地质,30(3):683--696.
刘广,郭华东,范景辉.2008.基于外部DEM的InSAR图像配准方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,23(1):72--76.
马保起,张世民,田勤俭,谢富仁.2008.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,28(4):513--517.
屈春燕,单新建,张桂芳,宋小刚,张国宏,郭利民,刘云飞,韩宇飞.2009.四川汶川MS8.0级地震同震干涉形变场定量分析[J].自然科学进展,19(9):963--1026.
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,尹金辉,陈杰,宫会玲,史翔,李陈侠.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630--643.
单新建,屈春艳,宋晓刚,张桂芳,刘云华,郭利民,张国宏,李卫东.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震InSAR同震形变场观测与研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):496--504.
孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康,徐锡伟.2008.汶川MS8.0地震InSAR形变观测及初步分析[J].地震地质,30(3):789--795.
唐荣昌,韩渭宾.1993.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社:123--132.
王敏.2009.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5.12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,52(10):2519--2526.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597--629.
张培震.2008.GPS测定的2008年汶川MS8.0级地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学:D辑,38(10):1195--1206.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程[J].中国地震:D辑,38(10):1186--1194.
郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛,尹金辉,魏占玉.2008.汶川8.0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征[J].地震地质,30(3):697--709.
Ge L,Zhang K,Ng A,Dong Y,Chang HC,Rizos C.2008.Preliminary results of satellite radar differential interferom-etry for the co-seismic deformation of the12May2008MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geographic InformationScience,14(1):12--19.
Gray A L,Mattar K E,Sofko G.2000.Influence of ionospheric electron density fluctuations on satellite radar interfer-ometry[J].Geophys Res Lett,27(10):1451--1454.
Kobayashi T,Takada Y,Furuya M,Murakami M.2009.Locations and types of ruptures involvedin the2008Sichuanearthquake inferred fromSARimage matching[J].Geophys Res Lett,36,L07302,doi:10.1029/2008GL036907.
Liu Bin,Jiang Wenliang,Zhang Jingfa,Luo Yi,Gong Lixia.2010.Wenchuan earthquake ruptures located by offset-tracking procedure of ENVISAT ASARamplitude images[J].Earthquake Science,23(3):283--287.
Marcello D M,Daniel R,Cécile L,Erwan P.2008.TheMW7.9,12May2008Sichuan earthquake rupture measured bysub-pixel correlation of ALOS PALSARamplitude images[J].Earth Planets and Space,62(11):875--879.
Michel R,Avouac J P,Taboury J.1999a.Measuring ground displacement from SAR amplitude images:Application tothe Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(7):875--878.
Michel R,Avouac J,Taboury J.1999b.Measuring near field coseismic displacements fromSARimages:Application tothe Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(7):3017--3020.
Sansosti E,Berardino P,Manunta M,Serafino F,Fornaro G.2006.Geometrical SARimage registration[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,44(10):2861--2870.
Strozzi T,Kouraev A,Wiesmann A,Wegmuller U,Sharov A,Werner C.2008.Estimation of Arctic glacier motionwith satellite L-band SAR data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,11(2):636--645.
Shen Zhengkang,Sun Jianbao,Zhang Peizhen,Wan Yongge,Wang Min,Roland Bürgmann,Zeng Yuehua,Gan Wei-jun,Liao Hua,Wang Qingliang.2009.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the2008Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nature Geoscience,doi:10.1038/ngeo636.
陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,徐杰,周本刚,黎小刚,叶友青.2007.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,29(3):657--673.
邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.1994.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,16(4):389--403.
何宏林,孙昭民,王世元,王纪强,董绍鹏.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带[J].地震地质,30(2):359--362.
李传友,叶建青,谢富仁,郑文俊,韩用兵,刘玉法,王伟涛,魏占玉,赵冬,马保起,任俊杰.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带北川以北段的基本特征[J].地震地质,30(3):683--696.
刘广,郭华东,范景辉.2008.基于外部DEM的InSAR图像配准方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,23(1):72--76.
马保起,张世民,田勤俭,谢富仁.2008.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,28(4):513--517.
屈春燕,单新建,张桂芳,宋小刚,张国宏,郭利民,刘云飞,韩宇飞.2009.四川汶川MS8.0级地震同震干涉形变场定量分析[J].自然科学进展,19(9):963--1026.
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,尹金辉,陈杰,宫会玲,史翔,李陈侠.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630--643.
单新建,屈春艳,宋晓刚,张桂芳,刘云华,郭利民,张国宏,李卫东.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震InSAR同震形变场观测与研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):496--504.
孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康,徐锡伟.2008.汶川MS8.0地震InSAR形变观测及初步分析[J].地震地质,30(3):789--795.
唐荣昌,韩渭宾.1993.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社:123--132.
王敏.2009.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5.12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,52(10):2519--2526.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597--629.
张培震.2008.GPS测定的2008年汶川MS8.0级地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学:D辑,38(10):1195--1206.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程[J].中国地震:D辑,38(10):1186--1194.
郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛,尹金辉,魏占玉.2008.汶川8.0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征[J].地震地质,30(3):697--709.
Ge L,Zhang K,Ng A,Dong Y,Chang HC,Rizos C.2008.Preliminary results of satellite radar differential interferom-etry for the co-seismic deformation of the12May2008MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geographic InformationScience,14(1):12--19.
Gray A L,Mattar K E,Sofko G.2000.Influence of ionospheric electron density fluctuations on satellite radar interfer-ometry[J].Geophys Res Lett,27(10):1451--1454.
Kobayashi T,Takada Y,Furuya M,Murakami M.2009.Locations and types of ruptures involvedin the2008Sichuanearthquake inferred fromSARimage matching[J].Geophys Res Lett,36,L07302,doi:10.1029/2008GL036907.
Liu Bin,Jiang Wenliang,Zhang Jingfa,Luo Yi,Gong Lixia.2010.Wenchuan earthquake ruptures located by offset-tracking procedure of ENVISAT ASARamplitude images[J].Earthquake Science,23(3):283--287.
Marcello D M,Daniel R,Cécile L,Erwan P.2008.TheMW7.9,12May2008Sichuan earthquake rupture measured bysub-pixel correlation of ALOS PALSARamplitude images[J].Earth Planets and Space,62(11):875--879.
Michel R,Avouac J P,Taboury J.1999a.Measuring ground displacement from SAR amplitude images:Application tothe Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(7):875--878.
Michel R,Avouac J,Taboury J.1999b.Measuring near field coseismic displacements fromSARimages:Application tothe Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(7):3017--3020.
Sansosti E,Berardino P,Manunta M,Serafino F,Fornaro G.2006.Geometrical SARimage registration[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,44(10):2861--2870.
Strozzi T,Kouraev A,Wiesmann A,Wegmuller U,Sharov A,Werner C.2008.Estimation of Arctic glacier motionwith satellite L-band SAR data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,11(2):636--645.
Shen Zhengkang,Sun Jianbao,Zhang Peizhen,Wan Yongge,Wang Min,Roland Bürgmann,Zeng Yuehua,Gan Wei-jun,Liao Hua,Wang Qingliang.2009.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the2008Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nature Geoscience,doi:10.1038/ngeo636.
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