云南高原大地构造与地震机制——云南地震活动之端部效应、地震能囊和机构能流的启示(英文)
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摘要
研究地震问题 ,不外乎历史继承、控震构造、发震动力源三方面。本文以云南高原为例 ,对此作一综述 ,特别从直观范畴引入端部效应、地震能囊、地球纬向振动机械能流三概念 ,试图对与工程地质相关的地震问题 ,从另一视角作一解释。文中特别介绍了机构能流对板块运动的效应 ,此为作者之一 40多年的物理教学、研究成果 ,虽为国外广泛接受 ,但国内地学界尚显陌生。云南既是世界上最活动的板块碰撞带之一 ,在过去 1 0 0 0多年又有过70 0多次中型上以上毁坏性地震 ,和近 40次毁灭性大震 ,今后中国西部大开发大建设中 ,是不能不加以认真对待的。本文从云南历史地震和大地构造入手 ,以众多的历史文献和传统的构造特征为基础 ,导入三个新观念 ,目的在于希望业内研究同仁注意 ,多方面了解震能力源 ,以便在防范措施上更切合实际 ,把地震的危害性降到最小限度根据工程实例研究 ,所谓端部效应 (TerminalEffectsofStructure) ,就是后续地震常常发生在前期地震之后的构造收敛地带 ,而不是张裂扩散区。后续地震在水平方向上总是向着发震之主、副构造线两端游变移动 ,而决不会再在原先的震中区反复发震 (至少是以 1 0 0年计的短期内 )。当活动断裂的走向与主压应力的方向一致时 ,应力在活动断裂的端部高度集中 ,造成岩体破
Studies of earthquake are not beyond the scope of historic records, structures of seismic controller, and thermal-dynamic of mantle. Combined the data of these three scopes of Yunnan plateau as example, this paper introduce the conceptions of "Termina effects of structure","Seism-energy-enclosure"and"Mechanic energy flow"from earth's latitudinal vibration to make a discussion. By the examples of many earthquakes, the "Terminal effects of structure"may be of that:the successive later earthquakes had never generated at the original place of the former and always wandered toward and then broken on the terminals of the quake-structures. As where are of the convergence region in structure and not open for energy escape. The "Seism-energy-enclosure"may be of a region or the giant bodies of rigidity rock, which can enclosure, preserve and release thermal dynamic energy. Such region must be deep preserved convergent area outside to the main fracture, otherwise, no such a favorable environment the energy can not be accumulated for the later successive quakes. No energy no earthquake. The "Mechanic-energy-flow"here mentioned is of a kind of external energy originating from earth's latitudinal vibration. Confirmed recent year by physicists 1), it had play a potential role to introduce tectonic movement. It only shared parts function in seismic activity and accumulated year after year, but had never been recognized in seismic study so it should be proposed to discussion. Generally, earthquake is the sudden reflection appeared on earth surface originated from the gradually reaction of the thermal-dynamic activity in deep. It is the instantaneous pulsation of mantle energy. The mechanism of it related to lots factors and many disciplines. Limited by the author's learning and experiences, here only take Yunnan plateau as example to make a primary description. Fortunately, Yunnan plateau is more larger than many middle-class counties and stride across over Gondwana and Eurasia plate in global structure frame and cover a broad territory about 400 000km 2 from ultra-crust fractures of west to stable China-platform of east. So that it must be provided with some typical characters.
Studies of earthquake are not beyond the scope of historic records, structures of seismic controller, and thermal-dynamic of mantle. Combined the data of these three scopes of Yunnan plateau as example, this paper introduce the conceptions of "Termina effects of structure","Seism-energy-enclosure"and"Mechanic energy flow"from earth's latitudinal vibration to make a discussion. By the examples of many earthquakes, the "Terminal effects of structure"may be of that:the successive later earthquakes had never generated at the original place of the former and always wandered toward and then broken on the terminals of the quake-structures. As where are of the convergence region in structure and not open for energy escape. The "Seism-energy-enclosure"may be of a region or the giant bodies of rigidity rock, which can enclosure, preserve and release thermal dynamic energy. Such region must be deep preserved convergent area outside to the main fracture, otherwise, no such a favorable environment the energy can not be accumulated for the later successive quakes. No energy no earthquake. The "Mechanic-energy-flow"here mentioned is of a kind of external energy originating from earth's latitudinal vibration. Confirmed recent year by physicists 1), it had play a potential role to introduce tectonic movement. It only shared parts function in seismic activity and accumulated year after year, but had never been recognized in seismic study so it should be proposed to discussion. Generally, earthquake is the sudden reflection appeared on earth surface originated from the gradually reaction of the thermal-dynamic activity in deep. It is the instantaneous pulsation of mantle energy. The mechanism of it related to lots factors and many disciplines. Limited by the author's learning and experiences, here only take Yunnan plateau as example to make a primary description. Fortunately, Yunnan plateau is more larger than many middle-class counties and stride across over Gondwana and Eurasia plate in global structure frame and cover a broad territory about 400 000km 2 from ultra-crust fractures of west to stable China-platform of east. So that it must be provided with some typical characters.
引文
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[2]中国地震资料年表[M].北京:地震出版社,1956.
[3]云南地震(M =4,7)目录[M].云南地震局,1983.
[4]范文澜.中国通史[M].北京:人民出版社,1956.
[5]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1973.
[6]常承法.青藏高原大地构造轮廓[M].北京:地质出版社,1965.
[7]尹赞勋.尹赞勋文集,北京:科学出版社,1984,331～343.
[8]PeterJ WyllieTheDyanmicEarth[M].TextbookinGeoscience,1971,10～13,20～20.
[9]HargravesR B .PrecambrianPlateTectonic[J].ModernEarthDynamic,1971,20～24.
[10]黄汲清.中国大地构造图(1/400万)[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[11]任纪舜.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[12]SchwabF L GeocynclinesConceptandPlacewithinPlateTectonics[M].1982,97～110,231～225,319～324.
[13]JacobJ A etal,PhysicsandGeology[M].1974,18～36,290～305,1974.
[14]DickeR H AverageAccelerationoftheEarth sRotationandtheViscosityoftheDeepMantle[J].Geiophys.Res,74,1969.
[15]ElsasserW M ThermalStructureoftheUpperMantleandConvection[J].AdvanceinEarthScience,1966.
[16]15 thEditions.TheNewEncyclopeadiaBritannica[M].1986.
[17]中国地震前当资料图集[M].北京:地震出版社,1984.
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