山西地堑系地震重力地貌发育及其与水土流失的关系
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摘要
研究了山西地堑系 1038 年定襄地震、1303 年洪洞地震和 1695 年临汾地震中形成的大量地震重力地貌。这些重力地貌具有成群分布,同时性的特点,并有在非地震条件下难于发生的特殊滑坡现象。地震重力过程作为一种土壤侵蚀的方式,具有分布集中,强度大,历时短,难防范,破坏性大的特点,同时,地震重力地貌过程的堆积物进入河流系统,增强了水流的侵蚀能力。
The Shanxi Graben System is composed of a series of basins,which arranged in a s shaped curve over a distance of 1 200 km from the north to the south.Since 231 AD,twenty earthquakes of a magnitude equal to or larger than 6 have occurred,including one of M=8,five of M=7~7.9,and 14 of M=6~6.9.According to the Chinese historical records,these earthquakes have induced a lot of landslides.The coseismic landslides of Dingxiang(M=7,in 1038),Hongdong(M=8,in 1303)and Linfen(M=8,in 1695)earthquakes are studied here.According to Lichen measurements,the 75%~85% landslides are synchronous.The coseismic landsliding is a way of soil erosion in the Shanxi Graben System.The deposits of landsliding also intensify the water erosion along rivers.
The Shanxi Graben System is composed of a series of basins,which arranged in a s shaped curve over a distance of 1 200 km from the north to the south.Since 231 AD,twenty earthquakes of a magnitude equal to or larger than 6 have occurred,including one of M=8,five of M=7~7.9,and 14 of M=6~6.9.According to the Chinese historical records,these earthquakes have induced a lot of landslides.The coseismic landslides of Dingxiang(M=7,in 1038),Hongdong(M=8,in 1303)and Linfen(M=8,in 1695)earthquakes are studied here.According to Lichen measurements,the 75%~85% landslides are synchronous.The coseismic landsliding is a way of soil erosion in the Shanxi Graben System.The deposits of landsliding also intensify the water erosion along rivers.
引文
1 王乃梁,杨景春,夏正楷等.山西地堑系新生代沉积与构造地貌.北京:科学出版社
2 Li Yang J., Xia Z. et al. Tectonic Geom orphology in the Shanxi Graben System . Northern China,Geom orphology,1998,23(1),77～89
3 张世民,杨景春.公元 1038 年定襄地震的地质地貌遗迹研究.华北地震科学,1989,7(3)
4 苏宗正,时振梁.1695 年临汾地震震害及有关问题.山西地震,1995,(3～4),150～158
5 李有利,杨景春.地衣测年法在同震滑坡研究中的应用.山地研究,1998,16(3),167～170
6 BullW B and Others.Lichen Dating of Coseism ic Landslide Hazards in Alpine M ountains. Geom orphology,1994,10,253～264
7 Chorley R J,Schum m SA and Sugden D E.Geom orphology.Cam bridge University Press,1984,238
8 白铭学.对黄土地区地震标志的观察与分析.见:史前地震与第四纪地质文集,西安.陕西科学技术出版社
2 Li Yang J., Xia Z. et al. Tectonic Geom orphology in the Shanxi Graben System . Northern China,Geom orphology,1998,23(1),77～89
3 张世民,杨景春.公元 1038 年定襄地震的地质地貌遗迹研究.华北地震科学,1989,7(3)
4 苏宗正,时振梁.1695 年临汾地震震害及有关问题.山西地震,1995,(3～4),150～158
5 李有利,杨景春.地衣测年法在同震滑坡研究中的应用.山地研究,1998,16(3),167～170
6 BullW B and Others.Lichen Dating of Coseism ic Landslide Hazards in Alpine M ountains. Geom orphology,1994,10,253～264
7 Chorley R J,Schum m SA and Sugden D E.Geom orphology.Cam bridge University Press,1984,238
8 白铭学.对黄土地区地震标志的观察与分析.见:史前地震与第四纪地质文集,西安.陕西科学技术出版社
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