天山北麓活动背斜区河流阶地与古地震事件
|
摘要
利用航空遥感照片和Google earth卫星影像,对天山北麓独山子活动背斜区奎屯河两侧的河流地貌进行解释,结合野外调查发现,奎屯河流经独山子背斜段发育7级基座阶地,阶地基座为上新统独山子组泥岩,其上部为2.5～15m厚的砂砾石层和砂质黏土。在开挖或剥离的各级阶地堆积物剖面中采集细粒堆积物样品,实验室中采用细粒石英光释光测年的简单多片再生法对每件样品进行测试,得到独山子背斜区T1、T2、T3、T5、T6和T7阶地堆积上部的堆积时代分别为距今1.7、14.98、20.7～27.3、29.3～39.2、47～56和103～118ka。结合晚第四纪的气候变化,认为奎屯河T1～T7阶地的下切形成时代分别为距今约1.7、14、20、25、30、50和100ka。独山子-安集海断裂带上的古地震资料表明,距今约25ka以来发生了8次古地震事件,发生时间分别为距今2、3.4、4.3、5.8、7.5、12.8、18和24ka。对比古地震发生的时代和阶地形成的时代发现,最新1次、第6次、第7次、第8次古地震事件发生时代分别与T1、T2、T3和T4阶地形成时代大致相同。T2阶地形成之后到T1阶地形成之前还发生了4次古地震事件,这期间沿奎屯河没有发育河流阶地,但奎屯河快速下切约40m。我们认为独山子-安集海断裂带上古地震的发生使得其断层上盘的独山子背斜快速隆起,以及奎屯河河床坡度增大,从而使水流的下切能力增强,引起河流快速下切而形成河流阶地或深切峡谷,活动背斜段的阶地序列可能反映与其相关断裂上的古地震序列。
Using the aerial remote sensing photos and Google earth satellite images,we find seven terraces at the both sides along the Kuytun River in Dushanzi active anticline area,northern piedmont of Tianshan.Based on the field investigation,we find that all these terraces are pedestal terraces.The rock of pedestal is Pliocene mud rock,and on the top of each terrace pedestal are the stratums of sandy gravel or sandy clay with 2.5～15m in thickness.We collected samples from deposits of all terraces for OSL(optically stimulated luminescence)geological dating using the SMAR(single-multiple-aliquot-regeneration)method on fine grains.We also performed dating using the \{14C\} method to the samples from the deposit of terrace T1 of the Kuytun River.The results show that the ages of all these deposits are the later phase of the Late Pleistocene.The accumulation time of the upper stratum for T1,T2,T3,T5,T6and T7 terraces is about 1.7ka,14.98ka,20.7～27.3ka,29.3～39.2ka,47～56ka and 103～118ka,respectively.Combining with late Quaternary climate change,we believe that the formation age for T1～T7 terraces of Kuytun River are 1.7ka,14ka,20ka,25ka,30ka,50ka and 100kaBP.Paleoearthquake data reveal that eight paleoearthquake events occurred on the Dushanzi-Anjihai reverse fault since about 25kaBP,respectively at 2ka,3.4ka,4.3ka,5.8ka,7.5ka,12.8ka,18ka and 24kaBP.Comparing the ages of paleoearthquakes and terraces,we find that the ages of the latest,the sixth,the seventh and the eighth paleoearthquake are roughly corresponding to the formation times of T1,T2,T3and T4 terraces,respectively.The other four paleoearthquake events occurred during the period after the formation of T2and before the formation of T1.In this time,no terraces developed along the Kuytun River,but the Kuytun River incised rapidly for 40m.We believe that the paleoearthquake events resulted in the fast uplift of Dushanzi active anticline on the hanging wall of Dushanzi-Anjihai Fault and the increase of riverbed slope and river incision ability,which led to the formation of river terraces or deep canyons.The terrace sequence in active anticline region may reflect the paleoearthquake sequence associated with fault or blind fault.
Using the aerial remote sensing photos and Google earth satellite images,we find seven terraces at the both sides along the Kuytun River in Dushanzi active anticline area,northern piedmont of Tianshan.Based on the field investigation,we find that all these terraces are pedestal terraces.The rock of pedestal is Pliocene mud rock,and on the top of each terrace pedestal are the stratums of sandy gravel or sandy clay with 2.5～15m in thickness.We collected samples from deposits of all terraces for OSL(optically stimulated luminescence)geological dating using the SMAR(single-multiple-aliquot-regeneration)method on fine grains.We also performed dating using the \{14C\} method to the samples from the deposit of terrace T1 of the Kuytun River.The results show that the ages of all these deposits are the later phase of the Late Pleistocene.The accumulation time of the upper stratum for T1,T2,T3,T5,T6and T7 terraces is about 1.7ka,14.98ka,20.7～27.3ka,29.3～39.2ka,47～56ka and 103～118ka,respectively.Combining with late Quaternary climate change,we believe that the formation age for T1～T7 terraces of Kuytun River are 1.7ka,14ka,20ka,25ka,30ka,50ka and 100kaBP.Paleoearthquake data reveal that eight paleoearthquake events occurred on the Dushanzi-Anjihai reverse fault since about 25kaBP,respectively at 2ka,3.4ka,4.3ka,5.8ka,7.5ka,12.8ka,18ka and 24kaBP.Comparing the ages of paleoearthquakes and terraces,we find that the ages of the latest,the sixth,the seventh and the eighth paleoearthquake are roughly corresponding to the formation times of T1,T2,T3and T4 terraces,respectively.The other four paleoearthquake events occurred during the period after the formation of T2and before the formation of T1.In this time,no terraces developed along the Kuytun River,but the Kuytun River incised rapidly for 40m.We believe that the paleoearthquake events resulted in the fast uplift of Dushanzi active anticline on the hanging wall of Dushanzi-Anjihai Fault and the increase of riverbed slope and river incision ability,which led to the formation of river terraces or deep canyons.The terrace sequence in active anticline region may reflect the paleoearthquake sequence associated with fault or blind fault.
引文
程绍平,邓起东,闵伟,等.1998.黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造运动[J].第四纪研究,18(3):238—248.CHENG Shao-ping,DENG Qi-dong,MIN Wei,et al.1998.Yellow River terraces in Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge and Quaterna-ry tectonic movements in the Ordos Plateau[J].Quaternary Res,18(3):238—248(in Chinese).
邓起东,冯先岳,尤惠川,等.1991.新疆独山子-安集海活动逆断裂带晚第四纪活动特征及古地震[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.37—55.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,YOU Hui-chuan,et al.1991,Paleoseismology and late Quaternary activity of the Dus-hanzi-Anjihai reverse fault zone,Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of Active Fault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.37—55(in Chinese).
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.2000.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社.266—301.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.2000.Active Tectonics in the Tianshan[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing.266—301(in Chinese).
郭召杰,张志诚,吴朝东,等.2006.中新生代天山隆起过程及其与准噶尔、阿尔泰山比较研究[J].地质学报,80(1):1—15.GUO Zhao-jie,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,WU Chao-dong,et al.2006.The Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation history of Tians-han and comparative studies to the Junggar and Altai Mountains[J].Acta Geol Sin,80(1):1—15(in Chinese).
李海兵,付小方,van der Woerd J,等.2008.汶川地震(M8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623—1643.LI Hai-ping,FU Xiao-fang,van der Woerd J,et al.2008.Co-seismic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting ofthe MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1623—1643(in Chinese).
刘静,张智慧,文力,等.2008.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义:多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件[J].地质学报,82(12):1707—1722.LIU Jing,ZANG Zhi-hui,WEN Li,et al.2008.The M8.0Wenchuan earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic im-plications-An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1707—1722(in Chinese).
吕红华,李有利,南峰,等.2008.天山北麓河流阶地序列及形成年代[J].地理学报,63(1):65—74.LHong-hua,LI You-li,NAN Feng,et al.2008.Sequences and ages of fluvial terraces along the northern piedmont ofthe Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Geogr Sin,63(1):65—74(in Chinese).
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of ActiveFault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
冉勇康,史翔,王虎,等.2010.汶川M8.0地震最大地表同震垂直位移量及其地表变形样式[J].科学通报,55(2):154—162.RAN Yong-kang,SHI Xiang WANG Hu,et al.2010.The maximum coseismic vertical surface displacement and surfacedeformation pattern accompanying the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,55(2):154—162(in Chinese).
史兴民,李有利,杨景春,等.2008.新疆玛纳斯河山前地貌对构造活动的响应[J].地质学报,82(2):281—288.SHI Xing-min,LI You-li,YANG Jing-chun,et al.2008.Response of the foreland of the Manas River to the tectonicmovement in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geol Sin,82(2):281—288(in Chinese).
孙洪艳,李志祥,田明中,等.2003.第四纪测年研究新进展[J].地质力学学报,9(4):371—378.SUN Hong-yan,LI Zhi-xiang,TIAN Ming-zhong,et al.2003.New progress in Quaternary dating research[J].Journal ofGeomechanics,9(4):371—378(in Chinese).
王昌盛,陈杰,张克旗.2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜河流阶地沉积物的光释光测年[J].地震地质,27(4):586—598.WANG Chang-sheng,CHEN Jie,ZHANG Ke-qi.2005.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits fromthe Mingyaole anticline in the southwestern Tianshan[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):586—598(in Chi-nese).
王敏.2009.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5.12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,52(10):2519—2526.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2009.10.010.WANG Min.2009.Coseismic slip distribution of the2008Wenchuan great earthquake constrained using GPS coseismicdisp1acement field[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(10):2519—2526.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2009.10.010(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川M8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.2010.5.12汶川地震地表破裂基本参数的再论证及其构造内涵分析[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2321—2336.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2010.10.006.XU Xi-wei,CHEN Gui-hua,YU Gui-hua,et al.2010.Reevaluation of surface rupture parameters of the5.12Wenchuanearthquake and its tectonic implication for Tibetan uplift[J].Chinese J Geophys,53(10):2321—2336.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2010.10.006(in Chinese).
杨景春,谭利华,李有利,等.1998.祁连山北麓河流阶地与新构造演化[J].第四纪研究,(3):229—237.YANG Jing-chun,TAN Li-hua,LI You-li,et al.1998.River terraces at north piedmont of Qilian Mountains and neotec-tonic evolution[J].Quaternary Res,(3):229—237(in Chinese).
杨晓平,陈立春,李安,等.2009.西南天山阿图什背斜晚第四纪的阶段性隆升[J].地学前缘,16(3):160—170.YANG Xiao-ping,CHEN Li-chun,LI An,et al.2009.The uplift of Artux anticline by stages in the late Quaternary,Southwest Tianshan[J].Earth Science Frontiers,16(3):160—170(in Chinese).
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震,等.1995.利用阶地变形资料研究北天山吐谷鲁逆断裂-背斜带晚更新世以来的褶皱变形特征[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.46—62.YANG Xiao-ping,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.1995.Fold deformation along the Tugulu reverse fault-foldzone since late Pleistocene,North Tianshan[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Active Fault Research(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.46—62(in Chinese).
杨晓平,顾梦林,孙振国,等.2002.1906年新疆玛纳斯大震区的多层次逆冲构造与深部结构[J].地震地质,24(3):303—314.YANG Xiao-ping,GU Meng-lin,SUN Zhen-guo,et al.2002.Multilayered reverse faults and deep structures in Manasearthquake area,Northern Tianshan[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):303—314(in Chinese).
杨晓平,李安,黄伟亮.2011.天山北麓活动褶皱带晚第四纪时期隆升的差异性[J].中国科学(待刊).YANG Xiao-ping,LI An,HUNAG Wei-liang,2011.Differential uplift of active fold zones during the late Quaternary,northern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains[J].Science in China(in press).
袁庆东,郭召杰,张志诚,等.2006.天山北缘河流阶地形成及构造变形定量研究[J].地质学报,80(2):210—216.YUAN Qing-dong,GUO Zhao-jie,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,et al.2006.The Late Cenozoic deformation of terraces on thenorth flank of Tianshan and the tectonic evolution[J].Acta Geol Sin,80(2):210—216(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.1994.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震[J].地震地质,16(3):193—204.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,,XU Xi-wei,et al.1994.Blind thrust,folding earthquake and the1906Manas earth-quake,Xinjiang[J].Seismology and Geology,16(3):193—204(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.1995.Glaciofluvial fan and neotectonic along the north pied-mont of Tianshan Mountains[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of Active Fault(4).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.63—78(in Chinese).
郑文涛,杨景春,段锋军.2000.武威盆地晚更新世河流阶地变形与新构造活动[J].地震地质,22(3):318—328.ZHENG Wen-tao,YANG Jing-chun,DUAN Feng-jun.2000.A study on the relation between deformation of river ter-races and neotectonic activity for the Wuwei Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):318—328(in Chinese).
Avouac J P,Tapponier P,Bai M,et al.1993.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozo-ic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan[J].J Geophys R,98(B4):6755—6804.
Bull W B.1990.Stream-terrace genesis:Implications for soil development[J].Geomorphology,3:351—367.
Deng Qi-dong,Zhang Pei-zhen,Xu Xi-wei,et al.1996.Paleoseismology of the northern piedmont of TianshanMountains,northernwestern China[J].J Geophys R,101(B3):5895—5920.
Lave J,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hill,Himalayas of central Nepal[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B3):5735—5700.
Li Y L,Yang J C,Tan L H,et al.1999.Impact of tectonics on alluvial landforms in the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China[J].Geomorphology,28:299—308.
Lu Y C,Wang X L,Wintle A G.2007.A new chronology for dust accumulation in the last130,000yr for the ChineseLoess Plateau[J].Quaternary Res,(67):152—160.
Merri L,Formento T,Douglas W,et al.2002.River response to an active fold and thrust belt in a convergent margin set-ting,North Island,New Zealand[J].Geomorphology,(49):125—152.
Minster J B,Brown E T.1978.Present-day plate motions[J].J Geophys R,83:5331—5354.
Molnar P,Brown E T,Burchfiel B C,et al.1994.Quaternary climate change and the formation of river terraces acrossgrowing anticlines on the north flank of the Tian Shan,China[J].J Geol,102:583—502.
Ota Y,Chappell J.2006.Late Quaternary coseismic uplift events on the Huon Peninsula,Papua New Guinea,deducedfrom coral terrace data[J].J Geophys R,101(B3):6071—6082.
Ota Y,Hull A G,Berryman K R.1991.Coseismic uplift of Holocene marine terraces in the Pakarae River area,easternNorth Island,New Zeland[J].Quat Res,35:331—346.
Shen J,Zhao R B,Li J,et al.2001.Surveying of the deformed terraces and crust shortening rate in the northwestern Tar-im Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,46(12):77—80.
Yang X P,Ran Y K,Cheng J W,et al.2007.Measurement of terrace deformation and crustal shortening of some renas-cent fold zones within Kalpin nappe structure[J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,50(1):33—42.doi:10.1007/s11430-007-2072—7.
邓起东,冯先岳,尤惠川,等.1991.新疆独山子-安集海活动逆断裂带晚第四纪活动特征及古地震[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.37—55.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,YOU Hui-chuan,et al.1991,Paleoseismology and late Quaternary activity of the Dus-hanzi-Anjihai reverse fault zone,Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of Active Fault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.37—55(in Chinese).
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.2000.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社.266—301.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.2000.Active Tectonics in the Tianshan[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing.266—301(in Chinese).
郭召杰,张志诚,吴朝东,等.2006.中新生代天山隆起过程及其与准噶尔、阿尔泰山比较研究[J].地质学报,80(1):1—15.GUO Zhao-jie,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,WU Chao-dong,et al.2006.The Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation history of Tians-han and comparative studies to the Junggar and Altai Mountains[J].Acta Geol Sin,80(1):1—15(in Chinese).
李海兵,付小方,van der Woerd J,等.2008.汶川地震(M8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623—1643.LI Hai-ping,FU Xiao-fang,van der Woerd J,et al.2008.Co-seismic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting ofthe MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1623—1643(in Chinese).
刘静,张智慧,文力,等.2008.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义:多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件[J].地质学报,82(12):1707—1722.LIU Jing,ZANG Zhi-hui,WEN Li,et al.2008.The M8.0Wenchuan earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic im-plications-An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1707—1722(in Chinese).
吕红华,李有利,南峰,等.2008.天山北麓河流阶地序列及形成年代[J].地理学报,63(1):65—74.LHong-hua,LI You-li,NAN Feng,et al.2008.Sequences and ages of fluvial terraces along the northern piedmont ofthe Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Geogr Sin,63(1):65—74(in Chinese).
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of ActiveFault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
冉勇康,史翔,王虎,等.2010.汶川M8.0地震最大地表同震垂直位移量及其地表变形样式[J].科学通报,55(2):154—162.RAN Yong-kang,SHI Xiang WANG Hu,et al.2010.The maximum coseismic vertical surface displacement and surfacedeformation pattern accompanying the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,55(2):154—162(in Chinese).
史兴民,李有利,杨景春,等.2008.新疆玛纳斯河山前地貌对构造活动的响应[J].地质学报,82(2):281—288.SHI Xing-min,LI You-li,YANG Jing-chun,et al.2008.Response of the foreland of the Manas River to the tectonicmovement in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geol Sin,82(2):281—288(in Chinese).
孙洪艳,李志祥,田明中,等.2003.第四纪测年研究新进展[J].地质力学学报,9(4):371—378.SUN Hong-yan,LI Zhi-xiang,TIAN Ming-zhong,et al.2003.New progress in Quaternary dating research[J].Journal ofGeomechanics,9(4):371—378(in Chinese).
王昌盛,陈杰,张克旗.2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜河流阶地沉积物的光释光测年[J].地震地质,27(4):586—598.WANG Chang-sheng,CHEN Jie,ZHANG Ke-qi.2005.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits fromthe Mingyaole anticline in the southwestern Tianshan[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):586—598(in Chi-nese).
王敏.2009.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5.12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,52(10):2519—2526.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2009.10.010.WANG Min.2009.Coseismic slip distribution of the2008Wenchuan great earthquake constrained using GPS coseismicdisp1acement field[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(10):2519—2526.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2009.10.010(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川M8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.2010.5.12汶川地震地表破裂基本参数的再论证及其构造内涵分析[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2321—2336.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2010.10.006.XU Xi-wei,CHEN Gui-hua,YU Gui-hua,et al.2010.Reevaluation of surface rupture parameters of the5.12Wenchuanearthquake and its tectonic implication for Tibetan uplift[J].Chinese J Geophys,53(10):2321—2336.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001—5733.2010.10.006(in Chinese).
杨景春,谭利华,李有利,等.1998.祁连山北麓河流阶地与新构造演化[J].第四纪研究,(3):229—237.YANG Jing-chun,TAN Li-hua,LI You-li,et al.1998.River terraces at north piedmont of Qilian Mountains and neotec-tonic evolution[J].Quaternary Res,(3):229—237(in Chinese).
杨晓平,陈立春,李安,等.2009.西南天山阿图什背斜晚第四纪的阶段性隆升[J].地学前缘,16(3):160—170.YANG Xiao-ping,CHEN Li-chun,LI An,et al.2009.The uplift of Artux anticline by stages in the late Quaternary,Southwest Tianshan[J].Earth Science Frontiers,16(3):160—170(in Chinese).
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震,等.1995.利用阶地变形资料研究北天山吐谷鲁逆断裂-背斜带晚更新世以来的褶皱变形特征[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.46—62.YANG Xiao-ping,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.1995.Fold deformation along the Tugulu reverse fault-foldzone since late Pleistocene,North Tianshan[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Active Fault Research(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.46—62(in Chinese).
杨晓平,顾梦林,孙振国,等.2002.1906年新疆玛纳斯大震区的多层次逆冲构造与深部结构[J].地震地质,24(3):303—314.YANG Xiao-ping,GU Meng-lin,SUN Zhen-guo,et al.2002.Multilayered reverse faults and deep structures in Manasearthquake area,Northern Tianshan[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):303—314(in Chinese).
杨晓平,李安,黄伟亮.2011.天山北麓活动褶皱带晚第四纪时期隆升的差异性[J].中国科学(待刊).YANG Xiao-ping,LI An,HUNAG Wei-liang,2011.Differential uplift of active fold zones during the late Quaternary,northern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains[J].Science in China(in press).
袁庆东,郭召杰,张志诚,等.2006.天山北缘河流阶地形成及构造变形定量研究[J].地质学报,80(2):210—216.YUAN Qing-dong,GUO Zhao-jie,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,et al.2006.The Late Cenozoic deformation of terraces on thenorth flank of Tianshan and the tectonic evolution[J].Acta Geol Sin,80(2):210—216(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.1994.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震[J].地震地质,16(3):193—204.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,,XU Xi-wei,et al.1994.Blind thrust,folding earthquake and the1906Manas earth-quake,Xinjiang[J].Seismology and Geology,16(3):193—204(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.1995.Glaciofluvial fan and neotectonic along the north pied-mont of Tianshan Mountains[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research of Active Fault(4).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.63—78(in Chinese).
郑文涛,杨景春,段锋军.2000.武威盆地晚更新世河流阶地变形与新构造活动[J].地震地质,22(3):318—328.ZHENG Wen-tao,YANG Jing-chun,DUAN Feng-jun.2000.A study on the relation between deformation of river ter-races and neotectonic activity for the Wuwei Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):318—328(in Chinese).
Avouac J P,Tapponier P,Bai M,et al.1993.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozo-ic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan[J].J Geophys R,98(B4):6755—6804.
Bull W B.1990.Stream-terrace genesis:Implications for soil development[J].Geomorphology,3:351—367.
Deng Qi-dong,Zhang Pei-zhen,Xu Xi-wei,et al.1996.Paleoseismology of the northern piedmont of TianshanMountains,northernwestern China[J].J Geophys R,101(B3):5895—5920.
Lave J,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hill,Himalayas of central Nepal[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B3):5735—5700.
Li Y L,Yang J C,Tan L H,et al.1999.Impact of tectonics on alluvial landforms in the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China[J].Geomorphology,28:299—308.
Lu Y C,Wang X L,Wintle A G.2007.A new chronology for dust accumulation in the last130,000yr for the ChineseLoess Plateau[J].Quaternary Res,(67):152—160.
Merri L,Formento T,Douglas W,et al.2002.River response to an active fold and thrust belt in a convergent margin set-ting,North Island,New Zealand[J].Geomorphology,(49):125—152.
Minster J B,Brown E T.1978.Present-day plate motions[J].J Geophys R,83:5331—5354.
Molnar P,Brown E T,Burchfiel B C,et al.1994.Quaternary climate change and the formation of river terraces acrossgrowing anticlines on the north flank of the Tian Shan,China[J].J Geol,102:583—502.
Ota Y,Chappell J.2006.Late Quaternary coseismic uplift events on the Huon Peninsula,Papua New Guinea,deducedfrom coral terrace data[J].J Geophys R,101(B3):6071—6082.
Ota Y,Hull A G,Berryman K R.1991.Coseismic uplift of Holocene marine terraces in the Pakarae River area,easternNorth Island,New Zeland[J].Quat Res,35:331—346.
Shen J,Zhao R B,Li J,et al.2001.Surveying of the deformed terraces and crust shortening rate in the northwestern Tar-im Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,46(12):77—80.
Yang X P,Ran Y K,Cheng J W,et al.2007.Measurement of terrace deformation and crustal shortening of some renas-cent fold zones within Kalpin nappe structure[J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,50(1):33—42.doi:10.1007/s11430-007-2072—7.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心