对1976年河北唐山M_S7.8地震地表破裂带展布及位移特征的新认识
|
摘要
1976年河北唐山MS7.8地震发生之后,诸多资料报道了唐山市南侧展布的长8～11km的地震地表破裂带。该地表破裂带由10余条NE方向、具右旋走滑特征的地表破裂呈左阶形式组成,总体走向N30°E,最大右旋位移2.3m,多数地段的垂直位移为0.5～0.7m。近年有学者提出,在更大范围内出现的地表破坏现象。分辨这些地表破坏现象构造属性的有效途径是,采用地质学的方法揭示地表破裂两侧的地层分布及其位移特征。在分析前人资料和对唐山地震地表破裂遗迹开展调查的基础上,在唐山市南侧31km范围内,选择3个具有唐山地震地表破裂现象的地点实施了钻孔联合剖面探测,并在其中一个地点实施了开挖探槽。这3条钻孔测线相距4km及27.5km,共钻孔28个,总进尺1217m,采集了51个地层样品进行年代测试,其中包含7个14C测年样品。调查结果表明,这3条钻孔测线揭示出,地表之下20～60m冲积平原黏土和粉细砂地层与滨海平原淤泥质黏土和粉砂互层的地层断错现象。这些地层的断错特征是随着深度加大地层断错量值呈现单次位移量的倍数增加。孙家楼探槽开挖证实了孙家楼钻孔揭示的断层存在。由此表明1976年唐山MS7.8地震的地表破裂带向南可延伸至丰南县西河以南,总长度>47km。这次大地震是晚第四纪曾发生多期位移事件的唐山断裂带的最新活动。该地震地表破裂带的位移特征是北段以右旋走滑为主,兼有西升东降垂直位移;南段以东升西降的倾滑活动为主,兼有右旋走滑活动。这种位移特征不能单独用断层的逆冲或正倾滑活动给予解释,而是断裂带右旋走滑位移场的体现。将该项研究获得的唐山地震地表破裂带的展布及活动方式与唐山地震后依据形变资料展示的唐山地震垂直位移场和水平位移场进行比对,显示了两者之间空间位置及运动方式的吻合。此外,文中根据该地区地质断裂的平面分布及剖面特征,讨论了唐山强震构造与该区地质构造的关系,提出了应进一步开展哪些调查工作的建议。
After the occurrence of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake,some data reported that the surface rupture zone was 8 to 11km long to the south of Tangshan city.The rupture zone was composed by more than ten NE-trending right-lateral strike-slip left-stepping en echelon ruptures,with a general strike of N30°E and a maximum displacement of 1.5～2.3m and a vertical displacement of 0.2～0.7m in most sections.Recently other scholars proposed the surface ruptures appeared in a larger area.An effective way for identifying the tectonic property of the surface ruptures is to use geological method to reveal the distribution and displacement of the strata on the two sides of the surface ruptures.Based on the previous studies and field survey data,we carried out composite borehole profile studies at three sites and trenching at one site across the surface rupture zone of the Tangshan earthquake in a range of 31km to the south of Tangshan city.The three borehole profiles are 4km and 27.5km apart from one another.The total number of boreholes in the three profiles is 28,and the total drilling footage is 1217m.The ages of 51 samples from three borehole profiles have been measured,including seven \{14C\} samples.The drilling investigations on the 3 profiles revealed offset phenomena at the depths of 20～60m beneath the ground surface.The strata consist of sediments of alluvial-proluvial plain,dominated by clay and silty sand,and of littoral plain,dominated by muddy clay and silt.Those offset phenomena show that the displacement amount of stratum increased as multiples of a single displacement with increasing depth.The trenching data verified the fault which was revealed by the drillings.Based on the above,we proved that the surface rupture zone of the 1976 earthquake extends to Xihe in Fengnan County and its total length reaches more than 47km.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake is the newest activity of the Tangshan Fault that had multi-stage activities in the Late Quaternary.The displacement feature of the surface rupture zone is that the north branch is mainly of right-lateral strike-slip motion,and the vertical displacement of the surface is up on the west and down on the east,on the other hand,the vertical displacement on the south branch is up on the east and down on the west,accompanied by some right-lateral slip.Such a faulting style cannot be explained by the movement of a single reverse or normal fault,but is consistent with the vertical displacement field induced by the right-lateral strike-slip of the fault belt.The distribution and rupture style of the newly found surface rupture zone are consistent with the vertical and horizontal displacement field of the Tangshan earthquake.In addition,in the light of the geological structure sections of this area,we discussed the relationship between seismogenic structure of Tangshan earthquake and geological structure,and proposed the suggestions about the next work.
After the occurrence of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake,some data reported that the surface rupture zone was 8 to 11km long to the south of Tangshan city.The rupture zone was composed by more than ten NE-trending right-lateral strike-slip left-stepping en echelon ruptures,with a general strike of N30°E and a maximum displacement of 1.5～2.3m and a vertical displacement of 0.2～0.7m in most sections.Recently other scholars proposed the surface ruptures appeared in a larger area.An effective way for identifying the tectonic property of the surface ruptures is to use geological method to reveal the distribution and displacement of the strata on the two sides of the surface ruptures.Based on the previous studies and field survey data,we carried out composite borehole profile studies at three sites and trenching at one site across the surface rupture zone of the Tangshan earthquake in a range of 31km to the south of Tangshan city.The three borehole profiles are 4km and 27.5km apart from one another.The total number of boreholes in the three profiles is 28,and the total drilling footage is 1217m.The ages of 51 samples from three borehole profiles have been measured,including seven \{14C\} samples.The drilling investigations on the 3 profiles revealed offset phenomena at the depths of 20～60m beneath the ground surface.The strata consist of sediments of alluvial-proluvial plain,dominated by clay and silty sand,and of littoral plain,dominated by muddy clay and silt.Those offset phenomena show that the displacement amount of stratum increased as multiples of a single displacement with increasing depth.The trenching data verified the fault which was revealed by the drillings.Based on the above,we proved that the surface rupture zone of the 1976 earthquake extends to Xihe in Fengnan County and its total length reaches more than 47km.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake is the newest activity of the Tangshan Fault that had multi-stage activities in the Late Quaternary.The displacement feature of the surface rupture zone is that the north branch is mainly of right-lateral strike-slip motion,and the vertical displacement of the surface is up on the west and down on the east,on the other hand,the vertical displacement on the south branch is up on the east and down on the west,accompanied by some right-lateral slip.Such a faulting style cannot be explained by the movement of a single reverse or normal fault,but is consistent with the vertical displacement field induced by the right-lateral strike-slip of the fault belt.The distribution and rupture style of the newly found surface rupture zone are consistent with the vertical and horizontal displacement field of the Tangshan earthquake.In addition,in the light of the geological structure sections of this area,we discussed the relationship between seismogenic structure of Tangshan earthquake and geological structure,and proposed the suggestions about the next work.
引文
[1]国家地震局地震地质大队,1976,关于唐山钢厂新厂区地震基本烈度意见,中国地震局地壳应力研究所档案室编号P315.912。
[1]中国科学院地质研究所,1970,京津唐地区地震地质特点及地震危险区的探讨,中国地震局地壳应力研究所资料室编号00463。
[1]河北地质局,1977,J-50-Ⅴ(唐山幅)(1/20万)区域地质调查报告,P157。
[1]国家地震局地震地质大队,1976,唐山大震构造背景的初步分析,中国地震局地壳应力研究所资料室编号01718。
[2]开滦(集团)有限责任公司唐山矿业分公司,2009,21号地质剖面简图。
[1]同第509页[1]。
[2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,北京龙软科技发展有限公司,2008,开滦(集团)有限责任公司唐山矿业分公司矿井地质报告。
[1]同509页[2]。
[1]同509页[1]。
[1]同509页[2]。
陈运泰,林邦慧,王新华,等.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22(3):3—19.CHEN Yun-tai,LIN Bang-hui,WANG Xin-hua,et al.1979.A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of1976from the inversion of geodetic data[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,22(3):3—19(in Chinese).
杜春涛,孟宪梁,陈书贤.1985.唐山地震的地裂缝[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.174—189.DU Chun-tao,MENG Xian-liang,CHEN Shu-xian.1985.Ground fissures of the Tangshan earthquake[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earthquake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.174—189(in Chinese).
傅征祥,刘桂萍,邵辉成,等.2005.中国大陆百年(1901—2001年)浅源强震活动及生命损失回顾与分析[J].地震学报,27(4):367—376.FU Zheng-xiang,LIU Gui-ping,SHAO Hui-cheng,et al.2005.An overview on shallow strong earthquake activity and earthquake life losses of Chinese mainland in the centenary from1901to2001[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,18(4):392—401.
桂焜长,耿世昌.1987.值得再三思考的唐山地震构造[J].中国地震,3(suppl):79—84.GUI Kun-chang,GENG Shi-chang.1987.Worthwhile considering the seismo-structure of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,3(suppl):79—84(in Chinese).
郭慧,江娃利,谢新生.2011.钻孔与探槽揭示1976年河北唐山MS7.8地震发震构造晚第四纪强震活动特征[J].中国科学(D辑),41(7):1009—1028.GUO Hui,JIANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng.2011.Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on the seismogenic fault of the1976MS7.8Tangshan earthquake,Hebei,as revealed by drilling and trenching[J].Science in China(Ser D),41(7):1009—1028(in Chinese).
虢顺民,李志义,程绍平,等.1977.唐山地震区域构造背景和发展模式的讨论[J].地质科学,12(4):3—19.GUO Shun-min,LI Zhi-yi,CHENG Shao-ping,et al.1977.Discussion on the regional structure background and the seis-mogenic model of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,12(4):3—19(in Chinese).
虢顺民.1985.从断块构造运动看唐山地震的发生[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.17—32.GUO Shun-min.1985.Occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake from the view of fault block movement[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earthquake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.17—32(in Chinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93—97.HAO Shu-jian,YOU Hui-chuan.2001.A detailed detection of the Tangshan active fault using shallow seismic survey[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):93—97(in Chinese).
黄立人.1981.用广义逆法分析唐山地震的水平位移场及其与经典方法的比较[J].地壳形变与地震,1(3):3—13.HUANG Li-ren.1981.An analysis of the horizontal displacement field of Tangshan earthquake with generalized inverse method and a comparison with the classic method[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1(3):3—13(in Chi-nese).
江娃利.2006.有关1976年唐山地震发震断层的讨论[J].地震地质,28(2):312—318.JIANG Wa-li.2006.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the1976Tangshan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,28(2):312—318(in Chinese).
李建华,郝书俭,胡玉台,等.1998.1976年唐山地震发震断裂的活动性研究[J].地震地质,20(1):28—34.LI Jian-hua,HAO Shu-jian,HU Yu-tai,et al.1998.A study on activity of the seismogenic fault for the Tangshan earth-quake of1976[J].Seismology and Geology,20(1):28—34(in Chinese).
李钦祖,张之立,靳雅敏,等.1980.唐山地震的震源机制[J].地震地质,2(4):61—69.LI Qin-zu,ZHANG Zhi-li,JIN Ya-min,et al.1980.Focal mechanisms of Tangshan earthquakes[J].Seismology and Geology,2(4):61—69(in Chinese).
李四光.1977.关于大力加强某些地区地震地质工作的意见[A].见:李四光著.论地震.北京:地质出版社.130—136.LI Si-guang.1977.Idea of strengthening energetically the seismogeology work in some regions[A].In:LI Si-guang(ed).Earthquake Theory.Geological Publishing House,Beijing.130—136(in Chinese).
刘国栋,虢顺民,刘昌铨.1982.地震地质背景[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.71—130.LIU Guo-dong,GUO Shun-min,LIU Chang-quan.1982.The seismogeological background[A].In:Editorial Group of“the1976Tangshan Earthquake”,SSB(ed).The1976Tangshan Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.71—130(in Chinese).
刘慧敏,王克鲁.1986.唐山北荆各庄盆地第四纪地层的划分[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究(2).北京:地震出版社.153—160.LIU Hui-min,WANG Ke-lu.1986.Division of Quaternary strata of Jinggezhuang Basin in the north of Tangshan City[A].In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).Research on Recent Crustal Movement(2).Seis-mological Press,Beijing.153—160(in Chinese).
马瑾,张渤涛,袁淑荣.1980.唐山地震与地震危险区[J].地震地质,2(2):45—56.MA Jin,ZHANG Bo-tao,YUAN Shu-rong.1980.Tangshan earthquake and the earthquake risk area[J].Seismology and Geology,2(2):45—56(in Chinese).
强祖基,张立人.1982.唐山地震与第四纪活动断裂[A].见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社.67—71.QIANG Zu-ji,ZHANG Li-ren.1982.Tangshan earthquake and Quaternary active faults[A].In:Committee on Seis-mogeology,the Seismological Society of China(ed).The Active Faults in China.Seismological Press,Beijing.67—71(in Chinese).
邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.2005.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,27(4):669—677.QIU Ze-hua,MA Jin,LIU Guo-xi.2005.Discovery of the great fault of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):669—677(in Chinese).
王景明,郑文俊,陈国顺,等.1981.唐山地震断面主断裂带及地震成因[J].地震研究,4(4):427—450.WANG Jing-ming,ZHENG Wen-jun,CHEN Guo-shun,et al.1981.A study on the principal surface fracture belt and the cause of occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,4(4):437—450(in Chinese).
王挺梅,李建平.1984.唐山大地震的重复间隔[J].地震地质,6(3):79—85.WANG Ting-mei,LI Jian-ping.1984.The recurrence intervals of the strong earthquake in Tangshan[J].Seismology and Geology,6(3):79—85(in Chinese).
吴忱.1985.地震震害考察[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.203—209.WU Chen.1985.Investigation of earthquake disaster[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earth-quake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.203—209(in Chinese).
谢觉民.1984.唐山地震地壳弹性回跳的某些特征[J].地震研究,7(2):28—37.XIE Jue-min.1984.Some features of crustal elastic rebound of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,7(2):28—37(in Chinese).
杨理华.1982.烈度与震害[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.1—32.YANG Li-hua.1982.Seismic intensity and damage[A].In:Editorial Group of“the1976Tangshan Earthquake”,SSB(ed).The1976Tangshan Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.1—32(in Chinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,等.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):104—115.YOU Hui-chuan,XU Xi-wei,WU Jian-ping,et al.2002.Study on the relationship between shallow and deep structures in the1976Tangshan earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):104—115(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):3—21.ZHANG Zhi-li,LI Qin-zu,GU Ji-cheng,et al.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and its mechani-cal analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):3—21(in Chinese).
张祖胜,谢觉民,徐峰壮,等.1981.唐山7.8级地震的地壳垂直形变[J].地球物理学报,24(2):58—67.ZHANG Zu-sheng,XIE Jue-min,XU Feng-zhuang,et al.1981.Vertical deformation associated with the1976Tangshan M7.8earthquake[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,24(2):58—67(in Chinese).
赵亚曾,侯德封,李春昱.1929.开平盆地及其附近地质[J].地质汇报,12:37—58.ZHAO Ya-zeng,HOU De-feng,LI Chun-yu.1929.Geology of Kaiping Basin and nearby area[J].Geological Bulletin,12:37—58.
Butler R,Stewart G S,Kanamori H.1979.The July27,1976Tangshan,China earthquake:A complex sequence of intra-plate events[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,(69/1):207—220.
[1]中国科学院地质研究所,1970,京津唐地区地震地质特点及地震危险区的探讨,中国地震局地壳应力研究所资料室编号00463。
[1]河北地质局,1977,J-50-Ⅴ(唐山幅)(1/20万)区域地质调查报告,P157。
[1]国家地震局地震地质大队,1976,唐山大震构造背景的初步分析,中国地震局地壳应力研究所资料室编号01718。
[2]开滦(集团)有限责任公司唐山矿业分公司,2009,21号地质剖面简图。
[1]同第509页[1]。
[2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,北京龙软科技发展有限公司,2008,开滦(集团)有限责任公司唐山矿业分公司矿井地质报告。
[1]同509页[2]。
[1]同509页[1]。
[1]同509页[2]。
陈运泰,林邦慧,王新华,等.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22(3):3—19.CHEN Yun-tai,LIN Bang-hui,WANG Xin-hua,et al.1979.A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of1976from the inversion of geodetic data[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,22(3):3—19(in Chinese).
杜春涛,孟宪梁,陈书贤.1985.唐山地震的地裂缝[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.174—189.DU Chun-tao,MENG Xian-liang,CHEN Shu-xian.1985.Ground fissures of the Tangshan earthquake[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earthquake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.174—189(in Chinese).
傅征祥,刘桂萍,邵辉成,等.2005.中国大陆百年(1901—2001年)浅源强震活动及生命损失回顾与分析[J].地震学报,27(4):367—376.FU Zheng-xiang,LIU Gui-ping,SHAO Hui-cheng,et al.2005.An overview on shallow strong earthquake activity and earthquake life losses of Chinese mainland in the centenary from1901to2001[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,18(4):392—401.
桂焜长,耿世昌.1987.值得再三思考的唐山地震构造[J].中国地震,3(suppl):79—84.GUI Kun-chang,GENG Shi-chang.1987.Worthwhile considering the seismo-structure of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,3(suppl):79—84(in Chinese).
郭慧,江娃利,谢新生.2011.钻孔与探槽揭示1976年河北唐山MS7.8地震发震构造晚第四纪强震活动特征[J].中国科学(D辑),41(7):1009—1028.GUO Hui,JIANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng.2011.Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on the seismogenic fault of the1976MS7.8Tangshan earthquake,Hebei,as revealed by drilling and trenching[J].Science in China(Ser D),41(7):1009—1028(in Chinese).
虢顺民,李志义,程绍平,等.1977.唐山地震区域构造背景和发展模式的讨论[J].地质科学,12(4):3—19.GUO Shun-min,LI Zhi-yi,CHENG Shao-ping,et al.1977.Discussion on the regional structure background and the seis-mogenic model of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,12(4):3—19(in Chinese).
虢顺民.1985.从断块构造运动看唐山地震的发生[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.17—32.GUO Shun-min.1985.Occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake from the view of fault block movement[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earthquake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.17—32(in Chinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93—97.HAO Shu-jian,YOU Hui-chuan.2001.A detailed detection of the Tangshan active fault using shallow seismic survey[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):93—97(in Chinese).
黄立人.1981.用广义逆法分析唐山地震的水平位移场及其与经典方法的比较[J].地壳形变与地震,1(3):3—13.HUANG Li-ren.1981.An analysis of the horizontal displacement field of Tangshan earthquake with generalized inverse method and a comparison with the classic method[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1(3):3—13(in Chi-nese).
江娃利.2006.有关1976年唐山地震发震断层的讨论[J].地震地质,28(2):312—318.JIANG Wa-li.2006.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the1976Tangshan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,28(2):312—318(in Chinese).
李建华,郝书俭,胡玉台,等.1998.1976年唐山地震发震断裂的活动性研究[J].地震地质,20(1):28—34.LI Jian-hua,HAO Shu-jian,HU Yu-tai,et al.1998.A study on activity of the seismogenic fault for the Tangshan earth-quake of1976[J].Seismology and Geology,20(1):28—34(in Chinese).
李钦祖,张之立,靳雅敏,等.1980.唐山地震的震源机制[J].地震地质,2(4):61—69.LI Qin-zu,ZHANG Zhi-li,JIN Ya-min,et al.1980.Focal mechanisms of Tangshan earthquakes[J].Seismology and Geology,2(4):61—69(in Chinese).
李四光.1977.关于大力加强某些地区地震地质工作的意见[A].见:李四光著.论地震.北京:地质出版社.130—136.LI Si-guang.1977.Idea of strengthening energetically the seismogeology work in some regions[A].In:LI Si-guang(ed).Earthquake Theory.Geological Publishing House,Beijing.130—136(in Chinese).
刘国栋,虢顺民,刘昌铨.1982.地震地质背景[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.71—130.LIU Guo-dong,GUO Shun-min,LIU Chang-quan.1982.The seismogeological background[A].In:Editorial Group of“the1976Tangshan Earthquake”,SSB(ed).The1976Tangshan Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.71—130(in Chinese).
刘慧敏,王克鲁.1986.唐山北荆各庄盆地第四纪地层的划分[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究(2).北京:地震出版社.153—160.LIU Hui-min,WANG Ke-lu.1986.Division of Quaternary strata of Jinggezhuang Basin in the north of Tangshan City[A].In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).Research on Recent Crustal Movement(2).Seis-mological Press,Beijing.153—160(in Chinese).
马瑾,张渤涛,袁淑荣.1980.唐山地震与地震危险区[J].地震地质,2(2):45—56.MA Jin,ZHANG Bo-tao,YUAN Shu-rong.1980.Tangshan earthquake and the earthquake risk area[J].Seismology and Geology,2(2):45—56(in Chinese).
强祖基,张立人.1982.唐山地震与第四纪活动断裂[A].见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社.67—71.QIANG Zu-ji,ZHANG Li-ren.1982.Tangshan earthquake and Quaternary active faults[A].In:Committee on Seis-mogeology,the Seismological Society of China(ed).The Active Faults in China.Seismological Press,Beijing.67—71(in Chinese).
邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.2005.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,27(4):669—677.QIU Ze-hua,MA Jin,LIU Guo-xi.2005.Discovery of the great fault of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):669—677(in Chinese).
王景明,郑文俊,陈国顺,等.1981.唐山地震断面主断裂带及地震成因[J].地震研究,4(4):427—450.WANG Jing-ming,ZHENG Wen-jun,CHEN Guo-shun,et al.1981.A study on the principal surface fracture belt and the cause of occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,4(4):437—450(in Chinese).
王挺梅,李建平.1984.唐山大地震的重复间隔[J].地震地质,6(3):79—85.WANG Ting-mei,LI Jian-ping.1984.The recurrence intervals of the strong earthquake in Tangshan[J].Seismology and Geology,6(3):79—85(in Chinese).
吴忱.1985.地震震害考察[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.203—209.WU Chen.1985.Investigation of earthquake disaster[A].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earth-quake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.203—209(in Chinese).
谢觉民.1984.唐山地震地壳弹性回跳的某些特征[J].地震研究,7(2):28—37.XIE Jue-min.1984.Some features of crustal elastic rebound of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,7(2):28—37(in Chinese).
杨理华.1982.烈度与震害[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.1—32.YANG Li-hua.1982.Seismic intensity and damage[A].In:Editorial Group of“the1976Tangshan Earthquake”,SSB(ed).The1976Tangshan Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.1—32(in Chinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,等.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):104—115.YOU Hui-chuan,XU Xi-wei,WU Jian-ping,et al.2002.Study on the relationship between shallow and deep structures in the1976Tangshan earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):104—115(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):3—21.ZHANG Zhi-li,LI Qin-zu,GU Ji-cheng,et al.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and its mechani-cal analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):3—21(in Chinese).
张祖胜,谢觉民,徐峰壮,等.1981.唐山7.8级地震的地壳垂直形变[J].地球物理学报,24(2):58—67.ZHANG Zu-sheng,XIE Jue-min,XU Feng-zhuang,et al.1981.Vertical deformation associated with the1976Tangshan M7.8earthquake[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,24(2):58—67(in Chinese).
赵亚曾,侯德封,李春昱.1929.开平盆地及其附近地质[J].地质汇报,12:37—58.ZHAO Ya-zeng,HOU De-feng,LI Chun-yu.1929.Geology of Kaiping Basin and nearby area[J].Geological Bulletin,12:37—58.
Butler R,Stewart G S,Kanamori H.1979.The July27,1976Tangshan,China earthquake:A complex sequence of intra-plate events[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,(69/1):207—220.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心