金沙江水网对日本9.0级地震的同震响应及其特征与机理
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摘要
本文系统介绍了金沙江水网6口观测井水位与水温动态对日本9.0级地震的同震响应,分析了同震响应的特征与同震响应的机理。结果表明,4口井水位有同震响应,同震响应形态全是振荡,对地震波响应的时间、振荡的幅度、振荡的持续时间等的差异主要取决于井-含水层系统的导水系数。结果还表明,3口井水温有同震响应,响应形态是不对称的V字或U字形;水温的先期下降是井筒内上(冷)下(热)水混合作用引起的,后期上升是井水与围岩之间的热传导引起吸热作用的结果,各井水温升降的幅度、持续时间等不同,主要是井水温度梯度与水岩热传导系数不同引起的;后期升幅总是大于先期降幅,这可能与地震波作用使井区大地热流增强有关。
Coseismic responses of water level and temperature in 6 wells of Jinshajiang groundwater observation network to the Japan MS9.0 earthquake are presented,and response characteristics and mechanism are analyzed.The analytical results show that ① Whether or not there is water level response depends to a large extent on the height of water pillars in a well,and there are coseismic responses of water level in 4 wells with oscillation pattern,but the beginning time,extent and the continued time of oscillation is different in different wells,and these differences depends chiefly on the transmissibility coefficient of the well-aquifer system;②③There are coseismic responses of water temperature in 3 wells with response pattern of non-symmetry "V" or "U" forms,and front drop is related with the mix of upper water(with high temperature)and lower water(with lower temperature)in a well,the rise in later stage is related with the conduction of heat between water in wells and rock outside the well,and the extent of drop or rise of temperature and continued time are different for different wells,these difference depends probably on water gradient in well and heat conduction capability of water-rock system;and the extent of temperature change in later rise is always larger than that in front drop,probably related to the increase of geothermal flow caused by seismic wave effects.
Coseismic responses of water level and temperature in 6 wells of Jinshajiang groundwater observation network to the Japan MS9.0 earthquake are presented,and response characteristics and mechanism are analyzed.The analytical results show that ① Whether or not there is water level response depends to a large extent on the height of water pillars in a well,and there are coseismic responses of water level in 4 wells with oscillation pattern,but the beginning time,extent and the continued time of oscillation is different in different wells,and these differences depends chiefly on the transmissibility coefficient of the well-aquifer system;②③There are coseismic responses of water temperature in 3 wells with response pattern of non-symmetry "V" or "U" forms,and front drop is related with the mix of upper water(with high temperature)and lower water(with lower temperature)in a well,the rise in later stage is related with the conduction of heat between water in wells and rock outside the well,and the extent of drop or rise of temperature and continued time are different for different wells,these difference depends probably on water gradient in well and heat conduction capability of water-rock system;and the extent of temperature change in later rise is always larger than that in front drop,probably related to the increase of geothermal flow caused by seismic wave effects.
引文
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[10]鱼金子,车用太,刘五州.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,1997,17(4):389-398.
[11]张昭栋,郑金涵,郑香媛,等.水井的频率特性与对地震波的响应[J].中国地震,1991,7(1):53-58.
[12]Cooper H H,Bredehoeft J D,Papadopulous I S,et al.The response of well-aquifer systems to seis-mic waves[J].J Geophys Res,1965,70:3 915-3 926.
[2]贾化周,杨玉荣.地震地下水动态及其影响因素分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.34-39.
[3]黄尚瑶,胡素敏,马兰.火山温泉地热能[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.88-94.
[4]刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘永铭,等.地下流体对苏门答腊地震的响应特征[A].中国地震局监测预报司编.2004年印度尼西亚苏门谷腊8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响[C].北京:地震出版社,2005.131-144.
[5]刘耀炜.动力加载作用与地下水物理动态过程研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2009.34-37,39-40.
[6]石耀霖,曹建玲,马丽,等.唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释[J].地震学报,2007,29(3):265-273.
[7]腾吉文.固体地球物理学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.386-395.
[8]汪成民,车用太,万迪堃,等.地下水微动态研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.109-111,158-160.
[9]尹宝军.唐山井地下水动态特征研究[D].中国地震局地球物理研究所,2010.145-150.
[10]鱼金子,车用太,刘五州.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,1997,17(4):389-398.
[11]张昭栋,郑金涵,郑香媛,等.水井的频率特性与对地震波的响应[J].中国地震,1991,7(1):53-58.
[12]Cooper H H,Bredehoeft J D,Papadopulous I S,et al.The response of well-aquifer systems to seis-mic waves[J].J Geophys Res,1965,70:3 915-3 926.
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