天山东北部地震的重新定位和一维地壳速度模型的改善
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摘要
根据布设在乌鲁木齐市活断层探测区内的流动宽频带地震台阵,结合区域地震台网的走时数据,利用3种不同的定位方法对新疆天山东北部地区(E85°30'～88°30',N43°00'～44°40')2004年8月至2005年8月发生的599个地震进行了重新定位。通过比较不同方法的结果合理性,确定了适合于当地震源精定位的程序,并改善了一维地壳速度模型。结果表明:联合使用流动地震台阵和区域台网的资料,显著提高了研究区的地震定位能力,精定位后震中分布图像更加集中,展示出了天山东北部地区更为明显的与活动构造相关的条带状地震活动分布图像,除了一些与已知断层相关的地震事件外,还发现一些有待证实的活断层。
We apply three methods to relocate 599 earthquake events occurring from August 2004 to August 2005 in the northeastern Tianshan Mountains area (85°30′~88°30′E, 43°00′~44°40′N)by using travel times recorded by regional seismic network and 10 portable seismic stations deployed around Urumqi. By comparing the reliability of different results, we determined a suitable location method, and an improved 1-Dimensional crustal velocity model of study area. The uncertainty of earthquake location is significantly reduced with combine data of seismic network and portable stations. The relocated events are clearly associated with regional tectonics of the northeastern Tianshan Mountains area, and are also in agreement with the existence of active faults imaged by deep seismic reflection profiling. The relocated seismicity also demonstrates that some potential traces of buried active faults need to be further validated.
We apply three methods to relocate 599 earthquake events occurring from August 2004 to August 2005 in the northeastern Tianshan Mountains area (85°30′~88°30′E, 43°00′~44°40′N)by using travel times recorded by regional seismic network and 10 portable seismic stations deployed around Urumqi. By comparing the reliability of different results, we determined a suitable location method, and an improved 1-Dimensional crustal velocity model of study area. The uncertainty of earthquake location is significantly reduced with combine data of seismic network and portable stations. The relocated events are clearly associated with regional tectonics of the northeastern Tianshan Mountains area, and are also in agreement with the existence of active faults imaged by deep seismic reflection profiling. The relocated seismicity also demonstrates that some potential traces of buried active faults need to be further validated.
引文
陈棋福、张跃勤、周静,2001,数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究,地震,21(2),29～40。
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,1999,乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂—褶皱带及其形成机制,地学前缘,6(4),191～201。
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,2000,天山活动构造,北京:地震出版社。
郭飚、刘启元、陈九辉等,2006,中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像,地球物理学报,49(6),1693～1700。
李文军、王培德、李春来等,2005,近场精确定位在卢龙ML6.2地震发震构造研究中的应用,地震学报,27(4),377～384。
刘保金、沈军、张先康等,2007,深地震反射剖面揭示的天山北缘乌鲁木齐坳陷地壳结构和构造,地球物理学报,50(5),1464～1472。
卢德源、李秋生,2000,横跨天山的人工爆炸地震剖面,科学通报,45(9),982～988。
米宁、王良书、李华等,2005,天山和塔里木盆山接合部地壳上地幔速度结构研究,科学通报,50(4),363～368。
邵学钟、胥颐,1996,天山造山带地壳结构与构造:乌鲁木齐—库尔勒地震转换波测深剖面,地球物理学报,39(3),336～346。
王椿镛、楼海、魏修成等,2001,天山北缘的地壳结构和1906年玛纳斯地震的地震构造,地震学报,23(5),460～470。
肖序常、刘训高锐,2004,中国新疆天山—塔里木—昆仑山地震剖面,北京:地质出版社。
胥颐、刘福田,2000,天山地震带的地壳结构与强震构造环境,地球物理学报,43(2),184～193。
胥颐、StevenWRoecker、魏若平等,2005,天山中部的地震定位和地壳活动性分析,地球物理学报,48(6),1308～1315。
杨智娴、陈运泰、郑月军等,2003,双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用,中国科学(D),33(B04),129～134。
中国地震局,2001,地震及前兆数字观测技术规范之地震观测(试行),北京:地震出版社。
朱艾斓、徐锡伟、周永胜等,2005a,川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义,地球物理学报,48(3),629～636。
朱艾斓、徐锡伟、胡平等,2005b,首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用,地质论评,51(3),268～274。
Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H et al,1996,Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPSmeasurements of present～day crustal deformation rates,Nature,384(6608),450～453.
Courboulex F,Larroque C,Deschamps A et al,2003,An unknown active fault revealed by microseismicity in the south-east ofFrance,Geophys Res Lett,30(15).
Geiger L,1912,Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only,Bull.St.Louis Univ,8(1),56～71.
Hicks E C,Kvaerna T,Mykkeltveit S et al,2004,Travel-times and attenuation relations for regional phases in the Barents Searegion,Pure Appl Geophys,161(1),1～19.
Klein F,2001,User's Guide to Hypoinverse,2000,a Fortran Program to Solve for Earthquake Locations and Magnitudes(4/2002version1.0),USGS Open File Report,02～171.
Langin W R,Brown L D,Sandvol E A,2003,Seismicity of central Tibet from Project INDEPTH III seismic recordings,Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,93(5),2146～2159.
Lippitsch R,White R S,Soosalu H,2005,Precise hypocentre relocation of microearthquakes in a high-temperature geothermalfield:the Torfajokull central volcano,Iceland,Geophys J Int,160(1),370～387.
Mooney W D,Laske GMasters T G,1998,CRUST5.1:A global crustal model at5degrees x5degrees,J Geophys Res-Sol Ea,103(B1),727～747.
Radziminovitch N,Deverchere J,Melnikova V et al,2005,The1999M-w6.0earthquake sequence in the southern Baikal rift,Asia,and its seismotectonic implications,Geophys J Int,161(2),387～400.
Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Beroza G C et al,2002,High-resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity,J Geophys Res-Sol Ea,107(B9).
Schweitzer J,2001,HYPOSAT-An enhanced routine to locate seismic events,Pure Appl Geophys,158(1～2),277～289.
Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G Q,2005,Southern california hypocenter relocation with waveform cross-correlation,part2:Resultsusing source-specific station terms and cluster analysis,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95(3),904～915.
Shearer P M,2002,Parallel fault strands at9km depth resolved on the Imperial Fault,Southern California,Geophys Res Lett,29(14).
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L,2000,A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northernHayward fault,California,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6),1353～1368.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L,2002,Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault,California,from double-differenceearthquake locations,J Geophys Res～Sol Ea,107(B3).
Walker R T,Bergman E,Jackson J et al,2005,The2002June22Changureh(Avaj)earthquake in Qazvin province,northwestIran:epicentral relocation,source parameters,surface deformation and geomorphology,Geophys J Int,160(2),707～720.
Wang C Y,Yang Z E,Luo H et al,2004,Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan,China,and its tectonicimplications for the1906similar to M7.7Manas earthquake,Earth Planet Sc Lett,223(1～2),187～202.
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,1999,乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂—褶皱带及其形成机制,地学前缘,6(4),191～201。
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,2000,天山活动构造,北京:地震出版社。
郭飚、刘启元、陈九辉等,2006,中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像,地球物理学报,49(6),1693～1700。
李文军、王培德、李春来等,2005,近场精确定位在卢龙ML6.2地震发震构造研究中的应用,地震学报,27(4),377～384。
刘保金、沈军、张先康等,2007,深地震反射剖面揭示的天山北缘乌鲁木齐坳陷地壳结构和构造,地球物理学报,50(5),1464～1472。
卢德源、李秋生,2000,横跨天山的人工爆炸地震剖面,科学通报,45(9),982～988。
米宁、王良书、李华等,2005,天山和塔里木盆山接合部地壳上地幔速度结构研究,科学通报,50(4),363～368。
邵学钟、胥颐,1996,天山造山带地壳结构与构造:乌鲁木齐—库尔勒地震转换波测深剖面,地球物理学报,39(3),336～346。
王椿镛、楼海、魏修成等,2001,天山北缘的地壳结构和1906年玛纳斯地震的地震构造,地震学报,23(5),460～470。
肖序常、刘训高锐,2004,中国新疆天山—塔里木—昆仑山地震剖面,北京:地质出版社。
胥颐、刘福田,2000,天山地震带的地壳结构与强震构造环境,地球物理学报,43(2),184～193。
胥颐、StevenWRoecker、魏若平等,2005,天山中部的地震定位和地壳活动性分析,地球物理学报,48(6),1308～1315。
杨智娴、陈运泰、郑月军等,2003,双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用,中国科学(D),33(B04),129～134。
中国地震局,2001,地震及前兆数字观测技术规范之地震观测(试行),北京:地震出版社。
朱艾斓、徐锡伟、周永胜等,2005a,川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义,地球物理学报,48(3),629～636。
朱艾斓、徐锡伟、胡平等,2005b,首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用,地质论评,51(3),268～274。
Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H et al,1996,Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPSmeasurements of present～day crustal deformation rates,Nature,384(6608),450～453.
Courboulex F,Larroque C,Deschamps A et al,2003,An unknown active fault revealed by microseismicity in the south-east ofFrance,Geophys Res Lett,30(15).
Geiger L,1912,Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only,Bull.St.Louis Univ,8(1),56～71.
Hicks E C,Kvaerna T,Mykkeltveit S et al,2004,Travel-times and attenuation relations for regional phases in the Barents Searegion,Pure Appl Geophys,161(1),1～19.
Klein F,2001,User's Guide to Hypoinverse,2000,a Fortran Program to Solve for Earthquake Locations and Magnitudes(4/2002version1.0),USGS Open File Report,02～171.
Langin W R,Brown L D,Sandvol E A,2003,Seismicity of central Tibet from Project INDEPTH III seismic recordings,Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,93(5),2146～2159.
Lippitsch R,White R S,Soosalu H,2005,Precise hypocentre relocation of microearthquakes in a high-temperature geothermalfield:the Torfajokull central volcano,Iceland,Geophys J Int,160(1),370～387.
Mooney W D,Laske GMasters T G,1998,CRUST5.1:A global crustal model at5degrees x5degrees,J Geophys Res-Sol Ea,103(B1),727～747.
Radziminovitch N,Deverchere J,Melnikova V et al,2005,The1999M-w6.0earthquake sequence in the southern Baikal rift,Asia,and its seismotectonic implications,Geophys J Int,161(2),387～400.
Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Beroza G C et al,2002,High-resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity,J Geophys Res-Sol Ea,107(B9).
Schweitzer J,2001,HYPOSAT-An enhanced routine to locate seismic events,Pure Appl Geophys,158(1～2),277～289.
Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G Q,2005,Southern california hypocenter relocation with waveform cross-correlation,part2:Resultsusing source-specific station terms and cluster analysis,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95(3),904～915.
Shearer P M,2002,Parallel fault strands at9km depth resolved on the Imperial Fault,Southern California,Geophys Res Lett,29(14).
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L,2000,A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northernHayward fault,California,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6),1353～1368.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L,2002,Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault,California,from double-differenceearthquake locations,J Geophys Res～Sol Ea,107(B3).
Walker R T,Bergman E,Jackson J et al,2005,The2002June22Changureh(Avaj)earthquake in Qazvin province,northwestIran:epicentral relocation,source parameters,surface deformation and geomorphology,Geophys J Int,160(2),707～720.
Wang C Y,Yang Z E,Luo H et al,2004,Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan,China,and its tectonicimplications for the1906similar to M7.7Manas earthquake,Earth Planet Sc Lett,223(1～2),187～202.
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