镇巴地区地震勘探效果分析与认识
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摘要
镇巴地区属于典型的复杂山前带探区,其非常复杂的地表地质条件及地下地质构造特征("双复杂")给地震勘探带来了严峻的挑战。区内已开展了从二维到三维的多轮地震采集攻关研究,全面尝试了从叠前时间偏移到叠前深度偏移,再到逆时偏移的地震资料成像处理,但获得的成果资料均表现为低信噪比特征。区内地震单炮记录及叠加资料的波场特征主要表现为绕射波和半支绕射,且波组不稳定、不完整、不健全,主要目的层基本没有稳定的水平反射同相轴。理论计算和模型正演分析表明,目前地震资料的低信噪比特征应该是地下地质结构的客观反映,预示镇巴地区地下稳定地质体的尺度、规模偏小,已接近甚至小于地震可观测的最小尺度。在提出地震采集、处理进一步攻关研究具体建议的同时,为切实加快镇巴地区油气勘探进程,建议尽早实施风险钻探。
Zhenba area is a typical complex piedmont zone because of complex surface and subsurface geological conditions("dual complex").The seismic exploration technology faces severe challenges.Through repeated 2D and 3Dseismic exploration,prestack time migration,prestack depth migration and reverse time migration,the available data shows still low signal-to-noise ratio.The seismic wavefield in single-shot records and stack sections mainly displays some diffraction or half diffraction and their reflection events are instable,incomplete and imperfect,and no continuous horizontal reflection in general.Theoretical calculation and analysis on forward modeling show that current low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data should be the objective reflection of subsurface structures,which indicates that the sub-structure scale in Zhenba area is small,even less than the observable minimum standards of seismic survey.Therefore,we should carry out further research on the seismic acquisition and processing in Zhenba area.Meanwhile,in order to speed up the exploration procedure in Zhenba area,risk drilling should be determined to proceed as soon as possible.
Zhenba area is a typical complex piedmont zone because of complex surface and subsurface geological conditions("dual complex").The seismic exploration technology faces severe challenges.Through repeated 2D and 3Dseismic exploration,prestack time migration,prestack depth migration and reverse time migration,the available data shows still low signal-to-noise ratio.The seismic wavefield in single-shot records and stack sections mainly displays some diffraction or half diffraction and their reflection events are instable,incomplete and imperfect,and no continuous horizontal reflection in general.Theoretical calculation and analysis on forward modeling show that current low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data should be the objective reflection of subsurface structures,which indicates that the sub-structure scale in Zhenba area is small,even less than the observable minimum standards of seismic survey.Therefore,we should carry out further research on the seismic acquisition and processing in Zhenba area.Meanwhile,in order to speed up the exploration procedure in Zhenba area,risk drilling should be determined to proceed as soon as possible.
引文
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[15]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘探地震学[M].初英,李承楚,王宏伟,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-345Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration seismology[M].Chu Y,Li C C,Wang H W,translators.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:1-345
[2]张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-855Zhang G W,Zhang B R,Yuan X C,et al.Qinling orogenic belt and crustal dynamic[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:1-855
[3]李燕燕,赵殿栋,于世焕,等.中国石化陆上地震采集技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油物探,2013,52(4):363-371Li Y Y,Zhao D D,Yu S H,et al.Status and trend on land seismic acquisition technique of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(4):363-371
[4]马力,陈焕疆,甘克文.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:1-867Ma L,Chen H J,Gan K W,et al.Tectonic evolution and marine petroleum geology in South China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004:1-867
[5]贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,等.前陆冲断带油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:1-353Jia C Z,He D F,Lei Z Y,et al.Petroleum exploration in foreland thrust[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000:1-353
[6]张庆龙,卢华复,何建坤.大巴山前缘含油气构造条件[J].天然气工业,1995,15(4):5-9Zhang Q L,Lu H F,He J K,et al.Oil-bearing structure environment in the frontal Dabashan[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(4):5-9
[7]杨勤勇,王华忠,刘少勇,等.山前带地震成像技术需求与勘探策略分析[J].石油物探,2012,51(6):570-573Yang Q Y,Wang H Z,Liu S Y,et al.Analysis of seismic imaging technology requirements and exploration strategy in foothill area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(6):570-573
[8]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄.米仓-大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progress and confronted problems of complex mountain front in Micang-Dabashan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):107-114
[9]刘文霞,王艳华,王媛,等.叠前时间偏移的偏移孔径与采集孔径关系分析[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(4):66-70Liu W X,Wang Y H,Wang Y,et al.Analysis on the relationship between prestack time migration aperture and acquisition aperture[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2011,16(4):66-70
[10]虞立,王国群,袁忠明,等.散射波地震勘探技术在浅表层结构精细勘查中的应用研究[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):43-48Yu L,Wang G Q,Yuan Z M,et al.Application of seismic scattering profile technique in the shallow fine exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):43-48
[11]张兵,徐兆涛,王华忠,等.山前带地震数据共成像点道集层析速度反演建模方法研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(6):590-597Zhang B,Xu Z T,Wang H Z,et al.Common imaging gathers tomography velocity inversion and model building in foothill area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(6):590-597
[12]刘玉柱,程玖兵,董良国.面向起伏地表偏移成像的表层静校正方法[J].石油物探,2012,51(6):584-589Liu Y Z,Cheng J B,Dong L G.A new static correction method for the migration from rugged topography[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(6):584-589
[13]Worley S C.The geometry of reflection[J].Geophysics,1993,58(2):293-297
[14]吴如山,安艺敬一.地震波的散射与衰减(上)[M].李裕澈,卢寿德,译.北京:地震出版社,1993:1-325Wu R S,Aki K.Scattering and attenuation of seismic waves[M].Li Y C,Lu S D,translators.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993:1-325
[15]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘探地震学[M].初英,李承楚,王宏伟,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-345Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration seismology[M].Chu Y,Li C C,Wang H W,translators.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:1-345
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