地震后泥石流临界雨量变化特征——以汶川地震区小岗剑沟为例
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摘要
在地震的影响下,泥石流暴发所需的临界降雨条件降低。通过现场调查分析,首先得出小岗剑沟泥石流沟床起动的形成机理及其"地震-滑坡-碎屑堆积-降雨-泥石流"的形成特征,然后在建立了泥石流发生的临界雨量模式基础上,以小岗剑沟泥石流临界雨量为研究对象,采用将其地震前后临界雨量相比较的方法,得到了临界雨量的变化特征,并探索变化的原因。小岗剑沟2010年暴发泥石流的临界雨量约为地震前的21%,2011年暴发泥石流的临界雨量约为地震前的23%,地震后临界雨量大幅度下降。但随着泥石流活动的不断发生,临界雨量有逐渐恢复的趋势。
The triggering thresholds such as cumulative antecedent rainfall and one hour rainfall intensity significantly decreased after earthquake events.The formation mechanism of debris flows in Xiaogangjian Gully of Qingping Township,Mianzhu County,Sichuan Province,China was obtained by field survey and analysis on the initiation of debris flows.The description of "earthquake-landslide-deposits-rainfall-debris flows"was the formation characteristic of debris flow in this gully.Base on the occurrence model of rainfall threshold of debris flow,the drop characteristics of rainfall threshold was obtained by comparing the thresholds of before and after the earthquake.The rainfall threshold of 2010 is only 21% of the rainfall threshold before earthquake,and it is only 23% in 2011.The threshold dropped noticeably right after earthquake events,and rose gradually thereafter.
引文
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