基于广义S变换的地震资料振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正方法研究（英文）
摘要
由于地下介质对地震波振幅的影响和地震波频散因素,地震波振幅和相位随时间、空间及频率的变化而发生改变,本文提出一种基于广义S变换的振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正新方法。该方法在S域中分为振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正两个步骤进行处理:振幅谱补偿是在地震记录可靠频带范围内恢复反射系数的振幅谱,其具体实现是在S域中利用谱模拟技术来拟合时变子波振幅谱,从而补偿由地层吸收所引起的振幅衰减;相位谱校正是消除子波剩余相位的影响,其具体实现是在S域中利用相位扫描来拾取随时间、空间和频率而变化的相位校正量,并由Parsimony准则来进行最佳相位判别。本文方法不需要直接求取Q值,能够适用于变Q值情况。理论模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法不仅能恢复地层反射系数的振幅谱,还可以有效消除子波剩余相位的影响,使子波接近或达到零相位,从而提高地震资料分辨率。
We propose a method for the compensation and phase correction of the amplitude spectrum based on the generalized S transform. The compensation of the amplitude spectrum within a reliable frequency range of the seismic record is performed in the S domain to restore the amplitude spectrum of reflection. We use spectral simulation methods to fit the time-dependent amplitude spectrum and compensate for the amplitude attenuation owing to absorption. We use phase scanning to select the time-, space-, and frequencydependent phases correction based on the parsimony criterion and eliminate the residual phase effect of the wavelet in the S domain. The method does not directly calculate the Q value; thus, it can be applied to the case of variable Q. The comparison of the theory model and field data verify that the proposed method can recover the amplitude spectrum of the strata reflectivity, while eliminating the effect of the residual phase of the wavelet. Thus, the wavelet approaches the zero-phase wavelet and, the seismic resolution is improved.
We propose a method for the compensation and phase correction of the amplitude spectrum based on the generalized S transform. The compensation of the amplitude spectrum within a reliable frequency range of the seismic record is performed in the S domain to restore the amplitude spectrum of reflection. We use spectral simulation methods to fit the time-dependent amplitude spectrum and compensate for the amplitude attenuation owing to absorption. We use phase scanning to select the time-, space-, and frequencydependent phases correction based on the parsimony criterion and eliminate the residual phase effect of the wavelet in the S domain. The method does not directly calculate the Q value; thus, it can be applied to the case of variable Q. The comparison of the theory model and field data verify that the proposed method can recover the amplitude spectrum of the strata reflectivity, while eliminating the effect of the residual phase of the wavelet. Thus, the wavelet approaches the zero-phase wavelet and, the seismic resolution is improved.
引文
Bracewell,R.N.,2000,The Fourier integral and Its Applications,3rd ed.,[M].Boston:Mc Graw-Hill,U.S.A,256–260.
Carlos,A.M.,and Margrave,G.F.,2005,Phase correction in Gabor deconvolution:75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2173–2176.
Chen,B.Y.,Chen,M.W.,and Yi,W.Q.,1997,Time andspace and subsection frequency phase correction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(1),103–108.
Claerbout,J.F.,1977,Parsimonious deconvolution:Stanford Exploration Project,13,1–9.
Cohen,L.,1995,Time-Frequency Analysis:Theory and Applications[M].Nj:Prentice Hall,Inc.,U.S.A,25–27.
Durak,L.,and Arikan,O.,2003,Short-time Fourier transform:two fundamental properties and optimal implementation:IEEE Trans.on signal Processing,51(5),1231–1242.
Ferber,R.,2005,A filter bank solution to absorption simulation and compensation:75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2170–2172.
Gabor,D.,1946,Theory of Communication:Journal of IEEE,93(3),429–457.
Gao,J.H.,Chen,W.C.,Li,Y.M.,and Tian,F.,2003,Generalized S transform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds:Chinese Journal of Geophysics(inChinese),46(4),526–532.
Gao,S.W.,Zhou,X.Y.,and Cai,J.M.,2001,Surface consistent phase correction for reflection wave:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(4),480–487.
Levy,S.,and Oldenburg,D.W.,1982,The deconvolution of phase-shifted wavelets:Geophysics,47(9),1285–1294.
Levy,S.,and Oldenburg,D.W.,1987,Automatic phase correction of common-midpoint stacked data:Geophysics,52(1),51–59.
Li,K.P.,Li,Y.D.,and Zhang,X.G.,2000,A method to compensation earth filtering based on wavelet packet:Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,43(4),542–549.
Li,Q.Z.,1994,The road to Precision Prospecting—High Resolution Seismic Prospecting System Analysis(in Chinese).:Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,89–92.
Li,T.C.,He,Y.M.,Sun,J.,Xu,Z.Q.,Liu,J.M.,Qin,D.M.,and Zhu,J.M.,2010,Research and applicationof frequency amplitude compensation by frequencydecomposition based on generalized S transformation:Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemicalexploration(in Chinese),36(6),583–586.
Liu,X.W.,Nian,J.B.,and Liu,H.,2006,Generalized S-transform based seismic attenuation analysis:Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1),14–19.
Ma,J.Q.,Li,Q.C.,and Wang,M.D.,2010,Stratigraphi cabsorption-compensation based on the generalized S-transform:Coal Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),38(4),65–68.
Mansinha,L.,Stockwell,R.G.,and Lowe,R.P.,1997,Pattern analysis with two dimension alspectra llocalization:Application of two dimensional S-transform:Physics Section A,239(3),286–295.
Margrave,G.F.,1998,Theory of nonstationary linearfiltering in the Fourier domain with application to time variant filtering:Geophysics,63,244–259.
Margrave,G.F.,and Lamoureux,M.P.,2001,Gaborde convolution:CREWES Research Report.13,241–276.
Mc Fadden,P.D.,Cook,J.G.,and Forster,L.M.,1999,Decomposition of gear vibration signals by generalized S-transform:Mechnical Systems and Signal Process,13(4),691–707.
Mirko van der Baan and Fomel,S.,2009,Nonstationary phase estimation using regularized local kurtosis maximization:Geophysics,74(6),A75–A80.
Mirko van der Baan,2012,Bandwidth enhancement:Inverse Q filtering or time-varying wiener deconvolution:Geophysics,77(4),V133–V142.
Peng,C.,Zhu,S.J.,Sun,J.K.,Lin,S.W.,Chang,X.,and Zhao,J.M.,2007,Dynamic seismic wavelet estimation:Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),26(5),125–128.
Pinnegar,C.R.,and Mansinha,L.,2003,The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape:Geophysics,68(1),381–385.
Pinnegar,C.R.,and Mansinha,L.,2003,Time local spectral analysis for non-stationary time series:the S-transform fornoisy signals:Fluctuation and Noise Letters,3(3),357–364.
Ricker,N.H.,1977,Transient waves in visco-elastic media:Elsevier Science Publ Co,123–136.
Rioul,O.,and Vetterli,M.,1991,Wavelets and signal processing:IEEE Signal Processing,8(4),14–38.
Rosa,A.L.R.,and Ulrych,T.J.,1991,Processing viaspectral modeling:Geophysics,56(8),1244–1251.
Song,Z.P,Li,J.J.,and Zhang,L.P.,2004,Pre-stack constant phase correction:Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),23(2),69–70.
Stockwell,R.G.,Mansinha,L.,and Lowe,R.P.,1996,Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform:IEEE Transactions on signal processing,44(4),998–1001.
Sun,C.Y.,2000,Spectrum modeling method and its application to seismic resolution improvement:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),35(12),27–34.
Wang,Y.H.,2002,A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering:Geophysics,67(2),657–663.
Wang,Y.H.,2006,Inverse Q filtering for seismic resolution enhancement:Geophysics,71(3),51–61.
Wang,Y.H.,2007,Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit:Geophysics,72,V13–V20,doi:10.1190/1.2387109.
Wang,Y.H.,2010,Multichannel matching pursuit forseismic trace decomposition:Geophysics,75,V61–V66.
Yu,S.P.,1993,The High Resolution Seismic Processing(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum In dustry Press,China,162–164.
Yuan,X.G.,Song,S.G.,Zhang,J.G.,Hou,M.Z.,and Yang,J.H.,2001,Treatment of stacked seismic data with multiresolution frequency-amplitude compensation:Journalof Central South University of Technology(in Chinese),32(3),224–226.
Zhao,B.,Yu,S.P.,Nie,X.B.,and Huang,X.N.,1996,Spectral-modeled deconvolution and its application:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1),101–115.
Zhou,X.Y.,1989,Constant phase correction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),24(2),119–129.
Carlos,A.M.,and Margrave,G.F.,2005,Phase correction in Gabor deconvolution:75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2173–2176.
Chen,B.Y.,Chen,M.W.,and Yi,W.Q.,1997,Time andspace and subsection frequency phase correction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(1),103–108.
Claerbout,J.F.,1977,Parsimonious deconvolution:Stanford Exploration Project,13,1–9.
Cohen,L.,1995,Time-Frequency Analysis:Theory and Applications[M].Nj:Prentice Hall,Inc.,U.S.A,25–27.
Durak,L.,and Arikan,O.,2003,Short-time Fourier transform:two fundamental properties and optimal implementation:IEEE Trans.on signal Processing,51(5),1231–1242.
Ferber,R.,2005,A filter bank solution to absorption simulation and compensation:75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2170–2172.
Gabor,D.,1946,Theory of Communication:Journal of IEEE,93(3),429–457.
Gao,J.H.,Chen,W.C.,Li,Y.M.,and Tian,F.,2003,Generalized S transform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds:Chinese Journal of Geophysics(inChinese),46(4),526–532.
Gao,S.W.,Zhou,X.Y.,and Cai,J.M.,2001,Surface consistent phase correction for reflection wave:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(4),480–487.
Levy,S.,and Oldenburg,D.W.,1982,The deconvolution of phase-shifted wavelets:Geophysics,47(9),1285–1294.
Levy,S.,and Oldenburg,D.W.,1987,Automatic phase correction of common-midpoint stacked data:Geophysics,52(1),51–59.
Li,K.P.,Li,Y.D.,and Zhang,X.G.,2000,A method to compensation earth filtering based on wavelet packet:Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,43(4),542–549.
Li,Q.Z.,1994,The road to Precision Prospecting—High Resolution Seismic Prospecting System Analysis(in Chinese).:Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,89–92.
Li,T.C.,He,Y.M.,Sun,J.,Xu,Z.Q.,Liu,J.M.,Qin,D.M.,and Zhu,J.M.,2010,Research and applicationof frequency amplitude compensation by frequencydecomposition based on generalized S transformation:Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemicalexploration(in Chinese),36(6),583–586.
Liu,X.W.,Nian,J.B.,and Liu,H.,2006,Generalized S-transform based seismic attenuation analysis:Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1),14–19.
Ma,J.Q.,Li,Q.C.,and Wang,M.D.,2010,Stratigraphi cabsorption-compensation based on the generalized S-transform:Coal Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),38(4),65–68.
Mansinha,L.,Stockwell,R.G.,and Lowe,R.P.,1997,Pattern analysis with two dimension alspectra llocalization:Application of two dimensional S-transform:Physics Section A,239(3),286–295.
Margrave,G.F.,1998,Theory of nonstationary linearfiltering in the Fourier domain with application to time variant filtering:Geophysics,63,244–259.
Margrave,G.F.,and Lamoureux,M.P.,2001,Gaborde convolution:CREWES Research Report.13,241–276.
Mc Fadden,P.D.,Cook,J.G.,and Forster,L.M.,1999,Decomposition of gear vibration signals by generalized S-transform:Mechnical Systems and Signal Process,13(4),691–707.
Mirko van der Baan and Fomel,S.,2009,Nonstationary phase estimation using regularized local kurtosis maximization:Geophysics,74(6),A75–A80.
Mirko van der Baan,2012,Bandwidth enhancement:Inverse Q filtering or time-varying wiener deconvolution:Geophysics,77(4),V133–V142.
Peng,C.,Zhu,S.J.,Sun,J.K.,Lin,S.W.,Chang,X.,and Zhao,J.M.,2007,Dynamic seismic wavelet estimation:Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),26(5),125–128.
Pinnegar,C.R.,and Mansinha,L.,2003,The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape:Geophysics,68(1),381–385.
Pinnegar,C.R.,and Mansinha,L.,2003,Time local spectral analysis for non-stationary time series:the S-transform fornoisy signals:Fluctuation and Noise Letters,3(3),357–364.
Ricker,N.H.,1977,Transient waves in visco-elastic media:Elsevier Science Publ Co,123–136.
Rioul,O.,and Vetterli,M.,1991,Wavelets and signal processing:IEEE Signal Processing,8(4),14–38.
Rosa,A.L.R.,and Ulrych,T.J.,1991,Processing viaspectral modeling:Geophysics,56(8),1244–1251.
Song,Z.P,Li,J.J.,and Zhang,L.P.,2004,Pre-stack constant phase correction:Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),23(2),69–70.
Stockwell,R.G.,Mansinha,L.,and Lowe,R.P.,1996,Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform:IEEE Transactions on signal processing,44(4),998–1001.
Sun,C.Y.,2000,Spectrum modeling method and its application to seismic resolution improvement:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),35(12),27–34.
Wang,Y.H.,2002,A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering:Geophysics,67(2),657–663.
Wang,Y.H.,2006,Inverse Q filtering for seismic resolution enhancement:Geophysics,71(3),51–61.
Wang,Y.H.,2007,Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit:Geophysics,72,V13–V20,doi:10.1190/1.2387109.
Wang,Y.H.,2010,Multichannel matching pursuit forseismic trace decomposition:Geophysics,75,V61–V66.
Yu,S.P.,1993,The High Resolution Seismic Processing(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum In dustry Press,China,162–164.
Yuan,X.G.,Song,S.G.,Zhang,J.G.,Hou,M.Z.,and Yang,J.H.,2001,Treatment of stacked seismic data with multiresolution frequency-amplitude compensation:Journalof Central South University of Technology(in Chinese),32(3),224–226.
Zhao,B.,Yu,S.P.,Nie,X.B.,and Huang,X.N.,1996,Spectral-modeled deconvolution and its application:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1),101–115.
Zhou,X.Y.,1989,Constant phase correction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),24(2),119–129.
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