北京盆地结构对长周期地震动反应谱的影响
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摘要
建立了北京盆地含起伏地形的地下介质三维速度结构模型,以有限差分方法对盆地内的3次地震动进行了数值模拟.计算了地表加速度反应谱,论证了反应谱的有效周期范围,从而获得了盆地结构对长周期段反应谱的平均放大系数,并对不同周期时反应谱的平均放大系数进行了分区,为今后城市的合理规划和长周期建筑物的建设提供了抗震设防参考.最后对反应谱平均放大系数与等效沉积物厚度之间的关系进行了回归,得出了反应谱放大系数随沉积物厚度增大而增强,以及随周期增大而减弱等结论.
We built an underground 3-dimensional velocity structure model including topography,and simulated three earthquakes spreading through the basin by finite difference method.Then we computed the ground acceleration response spectrum,and analyzed its effective period span,and acquired its average amplification factor on long-period part,which is related to basin structure.After that,we made the zonation of amplification factors on different period,giving seismic fortification references for planning rational city layout and building long-period structures.Finally,we studied the relationship between amplification factor and sediment thickness,and drew the following conclusions:the amplification factor is increasing with thickness of sediment,and degrading with period.
We built an underground 3-dimensional velocity structure model including topography,and simulated three earthquakes spreading through the basin by finite difference method.Then we computed the ground acceleration response spectrum,and analyzed its effective period span,and acquired its average amplification factor on long-period part,which is related to basin structure.After that,we made the zonation of amplification factors on different period,giving seismic fortification references for planning rational city layout and building long-period structures.Finally,we studied the relationship between amplification factor and sediment thickness,and drew the following conclusions:the amplification factor is increasing with thickness of sediment,and degrading with period.
引文
高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅,吴健,胡平,丁彦慧.2002.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟[J].中国地震,18(4):356--364.
李鼎容,彭一民,刘清泗,谢振钊,童有德.1979.北京平原区上新统—更新统的划分[J].地质科学,(4):342--350.
刘昌铨,杨健.1982.京津及其外围地区地壳速度结构的初步探测[J].地震学报,4(3):217--226.
潘波,许建东,关口春子,何宏林.2006.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟[J].地震地质,28(4):623--634.
潘波,许建东,刘启方.2009.1679年三河—平谷8级地震近断层强地震动的有限元模拟[J].地震地质,31(4):69--83.
宋松岩,周雪松,张先康,宋建立,龚怡,王椿镛.1997.泰安—忻州剖面S波资料解释及其与邢台地震的相关性分析[J].地震学报,19(1):13--21.
孙若昧,赵燕来,吴丹.1996.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生:II.S波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,39(3):347-355.
张伟.2006.含起伏地形的三维非均匀介质中地震波传播的有限差分算法及其在强地面震动模拟中的应用[D].北京:北京大学:1--136.
赵金仁,张先康,张成科,祝治平,任青芳,张建狮.1999.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征[J].地震地质,21(1):29--36.
中华人民共和国建设部.2001.GB50009-2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社:110--112.
Adams B M,Osborne N M,Taber J J.2003.The basin-edge effect from weak ground motions across the fault-boundededge of the Lower Hutt valley,New Zealand[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(6):2703--2716.
Bindi D S,Parolai F,Cara G,Giulio D,Ferretti G,Luzi L,Monachesi G,Pacor F,Rovelli A.2009.Site amplificationsobserved in the Gubbio basin,central Italy:Hints for lateral propagation effects[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(2A):741--760.
Choi Y,Stewart J P,Graves R W.2005.Empirical model for basin effects accounts for basin depth and source location[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(4):1412--1427.
Gil-Zepeda S A,Luzon F,Aguirre J,Morales J,Sanchez-Sesma F J,Ortiz-Aleman C.2002.3Dseismic response of thedeep basement structure of the Granada basin(southern Spain)[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,92(6):2163--2176.
Hanks T C,Kanamori H.1979.A moment magnitude scale[J].J Geophys Res,84(B5):2348--2350.
Hruby C E,Beresnev I A.2003.Empirical corrections for basin effects in stochastic ground-motion prediction,based onthe Los Angeles basin analysis[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(4):1679--1690.
Lee S J,Chen H W,Huang B S.2008.Simulations of strong ground motion and3Damplification effect in the Taipei basin by using a composite grid finite-difference method[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(3):1229--1242.
Liu K S,Tsai Y B.2009.Large effects of Moho reflections(SMS)on peak ground motion in northwestern Taiwan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(1):255--267.
Pitarka A,Irikura K.1996.Basin structure effects on long-period strong motions in the San Fernando valley and the LosAngeles basin from the1994Northridge earthquake and an aftershock[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86(1B):S216-S137.
Somerville P G,Irikura K,Graves R W,Sawada S,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59--80.
李鼎容,彭一民,刘清泗,谢振钊,童有德.1979.北京平原区上新统—更新统的划分[J].地质科学,(4):342--350.
刘昌铨,杨健.1982.京津及其外围地区地壳速度结构的初步探测[J].地震学报,4(3):217--226.
潘波,许建东,关口春子,何宏林.2006.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟[J].地震地质,28(4):623--634.
潘波,许建东,刘启方.2009.1679年三河—平谷8级地震近断层强地震动的有限元模拟[J].地震地质,31(4):69--83.
宋松岩,周雪松,张先康,宋建立,龚怡,王椿镛.1997.泰安—忻州剖面S波资料解释及其与邢台地震的相关性分析[J].地震学报,19(1):13--21.
孙若昧,赵燕来,吴丹.1996.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生:II.S波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,39(3):347-355.
张伟.2006.含起伏地形的三维非均匀介质中地震波传播的有限差分算法及其在强地面震动模拟中的应用[D].北京:北京大学:1--136.
赵金仁,张先康,张成科,祝治平,任青芳,张建狮.1999.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征[J].地震地质,21(1):29--36.
中华人民共和国建设部.2001.GB50009-2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社:110--112.
Adams B M,Osborne N M,Taber J J.2003.The basin-edge effect from weak ground motions across the fault-boundededge of the Lower Hutt valley,New Zealand[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(6):2703--2716.
Bindi D S,Parolai F,Cara G,Giulio D,Ferretti G,Luzi L,Monachesi G,Pacor F,Rovelli A.2009.Site amplificationsobserved in the Gubbio basin,central Italy:Hints for lateral propagation effects[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(2A):741--760.
Choi Y,Stewart J P,Graves R W.2005.Empirical model for basin effects accounts for basin depth and source location[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(4):1412--1427.
Gil-Zepeda S A,Luzon F,Aguirre J,Morales J,Sanchez-Sesma F J,Ortiz-Aleman C.2002.3Dseismic response of thedeep basement structure of the Granada basin(southern Spain)[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,92(6):2163--2176.
Hanks T C,Kanamori H.1979.A moment magnitude scale[J].J Geophys Res,84(B5):2348--2350.
Hruby C E,Beresnev I A.2003.Empirical corrections for basin effects in stochastic ground-motion prediction,based onthe Los Angeles basin analysis[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(4):1679--1690.
Lee S J,Chen H W,Huang B S.2008.Simulations of strong ground motion and3Damplification effect in the Taipei basin by using a composite grid finite-difference method[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(3):1229--1242.
Liu K S,Tsai Y B.2009.Large effects of Moho reflections(SMS)on peak ground motion in northwestern Taiwan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(1):255--267.
Pitarka A,Irikura K.1996.Basin structure effects on long-period strong motions in the San Fernando valley and the LosAngeles basin from the1994Northridge earthquake and an aftershock[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86(1B):S216-S137.
Somerville P G,Irikura K,Graves R W,Sawada S,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59--80.
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